Health -related quality of life is used as an outcome criterion to evaluate the quality and effect of different therapies. It's also frequently used in epidemiological studies, as well as health economic research.Instruments to assess health-related quality of life has been developed, mostly for adults. Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic debilitating disorder. Assessing health-related quality of life of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease is useful. Present paper briefly describes four internationally most widely used available generic instruments and inflammatory bowel disease specific health-related quality of life. All of the generic instruments comply with psychometric standards concering the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the scales. Diseasespecific instruments, conforming with psychometric criteria, have test-retest stability, constructive validity and could be widely used.

Objective To observe indicators of hemorheology and blood gas analysis of COPD( chronic obstructive disease) patients complicated by CI(cerebral infarction) in acute exacerbation time and the relationship between them.Methods 46 patients with COPD complicated by CI in acute exacerbation time(complications group) and 44 patients with COPD in acute exacerbation time(COPD group) blood rheology indicators,fibrinogen(Fg) ,D-di-mer(DD) and blood gas analysis were detected.And 45 cases of health-related physical check (control group) were recruited for comparison.Results Compared with the control group,complication group,COPD group of whole blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,hematocrit,platelet adhesion rate,Fg,and DD levels were significantly increased,the difference was significant(P<0.05) ;The complications group of whole blood viscosity,Fg,and DD levels were significantly higher than COPD group;Fg and DD and blood PaCO2 correlated( r Fg =0.36,P<0.01 ,rDD =0.510,P<0.01).Conclusion Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebral infarction in acute exacerbation time had abnormal coagulation status,and improving ventilation and early application of anticoagulant drug therapy,could reduce the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,the occurrence of cerebral infarction.

The author earmarked institutional defects as the key to China's medical and health system reform during the economic reform.Main progress and fruits of this reform during the past three years are listed as follows:theory and system innovation,initial establishment of the primary healthcare security system of nationwide coverage,establishment and implementation of the essential drug system,establishment and perfection of the primary healthcare system,equity of primary public health service,and general startup of public hospitals reform.In addition,the author identified such reform roadblocks and challenges as growing conflicts between the demand and supply of healthcare services,resistance for furthering the system reform,conflicts in drug production and circulation,lack of top-tier design for public hospital reform,and lack of systematic planning for talent development.

29 aged patients of transvenous endocardial pacemaker implantation have been performed during 1981-1988. Elderly group consisted of 29 cases with 19 males and 10 females with age ranging from 60-86 years. The indications for permanent pacing in this series included. (1) Sinus bradycardia (2 cases), (2) Sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest and/or sinoatrial block (2. cases), (3) Brady-tachyarrhythmia (It cases), (4) Bifaseicular block (2 cases), (5) Trifascicu lar block (3 cases), and (6) Complete AV block (9 cases). All 29 cases were symptomatic (syncopal attacks). They required permanent pacing. They have been followed up for 2 to 90 (average 39) months. The incidence of complications has been relatively low. A pacing mortality during the follow-up period was not seen in this series.A clinical assessment was made with emphasis on some special features in elderly individuals. In the elderly bradyarrbythmia was usually due to fibrosis and sclerosis of the conduc-tion system rather than to ischaemic heart disease. In the elderly the implantation of a pacemaker was indicated for any symptomatic bradycardia. Age was not a contraindication for permanent pacing

Objective:To research and evaluate community health service management,analyze the influencing factors,seek for related enlightenment and provide references for health decision making.Methods:In 2016,it organized the municipal community health service's management as a whole,reported by the research units.Results:Health center,65 held a total of 590 units,took part in the comprehensive assessment,60 held health centers were stratified randomly sampled and 42 units participated in the municipal review assessment.Conclusion:It needed to make better the construction and development of community health services,keep the maintain and upgrade for the policy environment and financial support,including community primary public health services and primary medical service fund support,personnel allocation standard and fund support,medical insurance policy support.Under the current community health management system,it needed to set up efficient community health operation mechanism,provide fast primary health care and primary public health service projects to solve the residents' primary health demands.

Objective To investigate and analyze the characteristics of stressor that the undergraduate nursing students have to face at the clinical work in grade A hospitals , then to provide the scientific basis for clinical teaching management and reduce the pressures of undergraduate nursing students. Methods Questionnaires werehanded outto 80 undergraduate nursing students and datawere collected in the condition of their consents. Results The undergraduate nursing students had the higher scores on the dimensions of Patient Care and Nursing Work and stayed the pressure above average. Male and female undergraduate nursing students had the different top 5 stressors, the difference was statistical significance (t=2.434-3.644, P < 0.05). Conclusions The clinical teaching should care for the different stressors of male and female to reduce work and psychological pressure by taking effective measures, and give more attention to strengthen capacity-building of professional practice.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Tongxinluo Capsule on hypertension with interaction of phlegm and blood stasis, context stagnation or Qi deficiency and blood stasis, and its impact on blood rheology. Methods One hundred and forty-seven cases of hypertension were randomly divided into treatment group (74 cases) and control group (73 cases). Both groups were given conventional antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment, and the treatment group was given Tongxinluo Capsule additionally. Symptom score, blood pressure, lipid and rheology of two groups were observed before and after treatment. Results There was no significant difference between before and after treatment in hemorheology and blood lipid of two groups (P

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the characteristics and regularity of the adverse drug reaction(ADR) occurred in our hospital.METHODS: 221 ADR cases collected in our hospital from Jan.2007 to Dec.2008 were analyzed statistically in respect of patients' age and sex,route of administration,drug categories,organs and systems involved in ADR and the clinical manifestations etc.RESULTS: 14 major drug categories were involved in the 221 ADR cases,with antiinfective drugs showing the highest proportion in terms of incidence of ADR,followed by traditional patent drugs and drugs for cardiovascular system.The ADR occurred chiefly via intravenous route.CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to ADR monitoring.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for establishment of delivery way of essential drugs in China.METHODS:Related information and literatures were reviewed in order to analysis the characteristics of 3 kinds of delivery ways,i.e.Songjiang Shanghai delivery way,Beijing community medicine delivery way,Zhejiang community delivery way from background,the difficulty of actualization,pros and cons of the delivery way.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:3 kinds of delivery ways which have their own advantage and disadvantage should be adopted according to actual situation.The government of provinces may summarize the experience and innovate to establish a delivery way of essentical drugs.