CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40-CD40L) cross-linking,an important cell signaling transduction pathway in immune response,is involved in the regulation of cellular and humoral immune.CD40-CD40L signaling pathway abnormalities can lead to immune system disorders and incur immune pathological reaction.A variety of common pediatric diseases,such as immunodeficiency diseases,inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases,are associated with CD40-CD40L signaling transduction pathway abnormalities.The relationship between CD40-CD40L and the above-mentioned diseases is of clinical significance.

Objective:To discuss the influence factor of induced radioactivity radiation field of high-energy medical linear accelerator and its safeguard measures.Methods: The simulation test was applied to research the radiation level of the induced radioactivity for high-energy medical linear accelerator; and to research the influences of different factors, such as radiation dose, range of exposure and site of exposure and so on, on the changes of radiation field.Results: The research showed that the high-energy X-ray radiation field strength would increase with the increasing of radiation dose, while reduce with the increasing of radiation time; and the obviously reductive trend appeared after radiated 5minutes. Meanwhile, radiation intensity would reduce with the increasing of irradiated area, but the reductive trend was not totally proportional in accordance with the increasing of irradiated area. Additionally, the head part of linear accelerator could produce the most intensity of radiation field on exposure site, and the farther away the head part of linear accelerator, the intensity the lower; and the reductive trend would increase when the distance exceeded 150cm.Conclusion: The induced radioactive radiation field intensity of high-energy medical linear accelerator has some characteristics of change. The effective safeguard measures were to reduce the work time in equipment room, reduce the adjustment time of patient position and choose reasonable exposure site and dose, and all of these measures can reduce the radiation injury.

Objective:To explore correlation between life quality and their family adaptability and cohesion in children with asthma ,in order to provide scientific basis for improving their life qualities.Methods:Pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire(PAQLQ) and family adaptability and cohesion scale(FACESII-CV) were used to evaluate 60 caregivers of asthmatic children.Results:There was a significantly positive inter-relationship between the life quality of children with asthma and their family adaptability and cohesion.Conclusion:In order to improve the life quality of children with asthma,we should promote their family adaptability and cohesion,encourage family members to participate therapy plan decision and provide family centered care in addition to routine medical treatment.

Objective:To investigate the regional cerebral blood oxygenation changes of left prefrontal lobe during dyslexic children recognizing Chinese characters. Methods:We use functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRI) technique to observe 28 dyslexic elementary school students and 19 healthy students who are not reading-impaired.Results:With fNIRI, significant activations were observed in the left prefrontal cortex of both dyslexic children and non-dyslexic children during primary processing of Chinese characters, and children with dyslexia were evoked more significantly ( P

Central nervous system (CNS) damage caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is the main reason for its mortality and morbidity.In recent years,survival rate of EV71 infection-associated CNS damage in children is improved.However,the condition of survivors with sequelae is still unclear.It is important to understand its prognosis in order to improve the life quality of children with CNS damage after EV71 infection.In this paper,the prognosis and sequelae classifications of EV71 infection-associated CNS damage are described.

Objective: To investigate the effect of HMGB1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1A, and itspossible molecular mechanism. Methods: Lentivirus vector with HMGB1 shRNA was constructed and infected the endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1A. After viral infection for 72 h, real time PCR and Western blot were performed to investigate HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression. The cell proliferation was determined with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell cycle progression of propidium iodide (PI)-stained HEC-1A cells and the apoptotic rate of annexinV/PI-stained cells. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of AKT, pAKT and CyclinD1. Results: Lentivirus vector with HMGB1 shRNA inhibited the mRNA (P<0.05) and protein (P<0.01) expression of HMGB1 in the cell line HEC-1A. The MTT assay demonstrated that HMGB1 knockdown signiifcantly reduced the cell proliferation. FCM results showed that HMGB1 knockdown significantly resulted in the disruption of the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and the induction of apoptosis. hTe apoptotic rate was (17.89±0.23)%, (4.69±0.20)% and (4.62±0.17)% in the HMGB1 knockdown group, the blank group and the negative group respectively. There was signiifcance difference between the 3 groups (P<0.01). hTe protein expressions of pAKT and cyclinD1 were down-regulated atfer the HMGB1 knockdown for 72 h. Conclusion: Knockdown of HMGB1 expression can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1A. PI3K/AKT pathway and down-regulation of the protein expression of cyclinD1 may be involved in its therapeutic mechanism.

BACKGROUND: Dyslexia is the most common in the study of learning disabilities, it can affect various aspects of children, including behaviors,cognition, emotion, social adaptation, etc., and seriously block their obtaining of knowledge and improvement of ability in children.OBJECTIVE: To study the changing law of regional cerebral blood oxygenation in children with Chinese dyslexia in the process of recognizing Chinese characters, and investigate the neurophysiological basis of dyslexia in children.DESIGN: A case-control study.SETTING: Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: The study was carried out in Huazhong University of Science and Technology from June to September in 2003. Forty-five primary students of 8 to 12 years old, who were grade 3 to 5 in Wuhan city,were enrolled in this study, including 26 dyslexic children (dyslexia group)and 19 normal readers (control group). All the enrolled children were righthanded. Informed consents were obtained from all the participants and their parents (guardians) after explanation of aims and steps of this study.METHODS: The functional near-infrared imager (fNIRI) was applied to detect the changes of cerebral blood oxygenation in left prefrontal lobe of dyslexic children and normal children in the primary processing (viewing passively, reading aloud, producing an action word) and secondary processing of Chinese characters (outputting task, action words association) of Chinese characters.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The changes of cerebral blood oxygenation in the primary processing and secondary processing of Chinese characters were observed in both groups.RESULTS: All the 26 children with Chinese dyslexia and 19 normal children were involved in the analysis of results. ① Changes of the contents of blood oxygenation in the primary processing of Chinese characters:When viewing the Chinese characters passively, the contents of blood oxygenation on channel A, B and C were all higher in the dyslexia group than in the control group (0.378 0, 0.134 6; 0.085 8, 0.051 9; 0.109 3, 0.069 2;P ＜ 0.05); there was no obvious difference on channel D between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). When reading aloud, the contents of blood oxygenation on channel A, B, C and D were all unobviously higher in the dyslexia group than in the control group (P ＞ 0.05). In the process of generating action words, the contents of blood oxygenation on channels A and C were all higher in the dyslexia group than in the control group (0.411 2, 0.139 7;0.141 3, 0.078 4; P ＜ 0.05), and there were no obvious differences on channels B and D between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). ② Changes of the contents of blood oxygenation in the secondary processing of Chinese characters: In the process of outputting task, the changes of blood oxygenation was lower in the dyslexia group than in the control group (-0.025 7, 0.089 0,F=16.25, P ＜ 0.01); In the process of action words association, the changes of blood oxygenation was obviously higher in the dyslexia group than in the control group (0.073 0, -0.072 1, F=15.59, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The cortexes of left prefrontal lobe in dyslexic children are activated in the process of recognizing Chinese characters, but the degree and pattern of activation are different from those of normal children.The functional abnormalities of specific brain area may be the biological basis of Chinese dyslexia.Song RR, Wu HR.Changes of regional cerebral blood oxygenation in recognizing Chinese characters in children with Chinese dyslexia.

Objective To investigate the effect of drugs in combination with rehabilitative training on motor function and the expression of survivin in the ischemic penumbra after focal cerebral ischemia.Methods One hundred and twenty male,adult,Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)by suturing.Ninety-six of them were then randomly divided into a control group,a drug group,a rehabilitative trainiug group,and a drugs in combination with rehabilitative training group,with 24 in each.For three days the rats in the control group received no treatment,while those in the drug group received 500 mg/kg of citicoline daily,those in the rehabilitative training group received motor training including balancing,grasping,rotating and walking exercises,aud those in the drug and rehabilitative training group received both citicoline and the motor training.Behavioral tests were administered to all groups,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of survivin in the ischemic penumbra.Results Average behavior scores in the drug group and the control group were not significantly different at day 7,14 or 21 after the MCAO.Average behavior scores in the rehabilitative training and drug in combination with rehabilitative training groups were significantly superior to those of the control and drug groups at day 14 and 21.At those time points the average scores in the drug in combination with rehabilitative training group were also significantly better than those of the rehabilitation training group.Compared with control group,at the 7th,14th and 21st day after MCAO,expression of survivin in the other three groups had increased significantly.Expression of survivin in the group where drug treatment was combined with rehabilitative training was significantly greater than in the drug and rehabilitative training groups.Conclusions Citicoline in combination with rehabilitative training can improve the recovery of motor function in rats significantly better than the other approaches.This might be partially attributed to the up-regulation of survivin expression in the peri-ischemic cortex.

[Objective]To study the expression of Cathepsin B,Caspase-3 and to explore the significance of their expression initially after acute spinal cord injury in rats.[Method]The spinal cord injury of the healthy adult SD rats (78) was induced with Nystrom’s way by the moderate compression at the level of T8 and T9 spinal cord. HE methods were used to detect the pathologic change of spinal cord. The expression of Cathepsin B and Caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemical study. Besides,using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated DUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) methods to detect the level of the apoptosis of neural cells.[Result]There were few expressions of Cathepsin B, Caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells in normal and sham operated spinal cord as detected by immunohistochemical study. The number of positive cells of Cathepsin B increased clearly at 3 days,reached a peak at 5 days,and was constant at 7 days after injury. While the expression of Caspase-3 increased obviously at 8 hours,got to a peak at 3 days,and was lowest at 7 days. And the number of positive cells of TUNEL also increased obviously at 8 hours,got to a peak at 3 days,and was lowest at 7 days. There were significance differences of morphological and position of positive cells between Cathepsin B and Caspase-3 or Tunel. [Conclusion]Caspase-3 protein expressions are enhanced in combination with neuronal apoptosis,while Cathepsin B may involve in the secondary injury by inflammatory cells after acute spinal cord injury.

Background and purpose:This study was to investigate the effect of miRNA-486 on the growth of human colorectal cancer cell line SW620 xenograft in nude mice and to explore the possible mechanism of action. Methods:Eighteen mice were randomly divided into three groups, including the experimental group, the negative control group and the blank control group. Each group contained 6 mice. The SW620 cell line was inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice to establish the model of human colorectal cancer xenografts. Peritumoral injection of miRNA-486 overexpres-sion plasmid, or blank vector and PBS were performed every 3 days. The volumes of subcutaneous tumors in each group of inoculated mice were compared. Then mice were sacrificed 3 weeks after infection. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to measure the expression of neuropilin-2 (NRP2).Results:The growth rate of tumors in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group and the blank control group. After 21 days, the size of transplanted tumors in the experimental group nude mice was (0.32±0.12) cm3, that in the negative control group was (0.77±0.31) cm3, and that in blank control group was (0.82±0.18) cm3. Tumor mass in the experimental group was sig-nificantly smaller than that in the other two groups (P=0.006<0.05). Tumor mass in the experimental group was (0.40±0.08) g, significantly smaller than that in the negative control group (0.75±0.18) g and in the blank control group (0.79±0.18) g (P=0.008<0.05). Compared with the expression of NRP2 in other groups, the growth of tumor in the experimental group de-clined (P=0.000<0.05).Conclusion:Colorectal cancer cell line SW620 xenografted tumor in nude mice can be suppressed after injection of miR-486, which may decrease the expression of NRP2.