ObjectiveTo study whether the presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) increased the infection rate of high risk human papilloma virus(HR-HPV) in female genital tract. MethodsThe BV group had 867 patients who were diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis,and the control group had 610 female healthy volunteers without BV. Both the BV patients and the healthy volunteers were tested for HR-HPV infection rate and clearance rate. ResultsThe HR-HPV infection rate of BV group was 17.2％ ,higher than the control group's 10.7％ (P ＝ 0.000) ,and 1 year HR-HPV clearance rate of BV group was 77. 6％, a little lower than the control group' s 84. 8％ ( P ＝ 0. 414).ConclusionThere was significant correlation between the presence of BV and HR-HPV infection. But 1 year HPV clearance rate had no difference between BV group and control group, indicated that efficient treatment to BV enhanced the vagina's anti-infection ability and decreased the incidence of HPV infection so as to reduce the incidence of CIN and cervical cancer.