Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates in Tongling People′s Hospital during 2013. Methods A total of 2 281 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected.Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was employed to study the antimicrobial susceptibility.The data were analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software according to CLSI 2012 breakpoints. Results The top 5 most frequently isolated microorganisms were E.coli (479,21.0%),K.pneumoniae (360,15.8%),A. baumannii (271,11.9%),P .aeruginosa (240,10.5%),S.aureus (171,7.5%).Gram negative and gram positive microorganisms accounted for 76.5% and 23.5%,respectively.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in S.aureus (MRSA)and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS)was 38.6% and 73.1%,respectively.The resistance rates of MR strains to beta-lactams and other antimicrobial agents were much higher than those of MS strains.No staphylococcal strain was found resistant to vancomycin or teicoplanin.E.faecalis showed relatively lower resistance to penicillin,ampicillin and nitrofurantoin.E.faecium strains were more resistant than E.faecalis to most of the antibiotics tested.Approximately 50.5% of E.coli and 44.5% of Klebsiella isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).The ESBLs-respectively.And 29.8% and 23.4% of the P .aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem.Nearly all (94.0%)P .aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to amikacin.Conclusions There appears a trend of increasing resistance in the clinical bacterial isolates in this hospital,especially the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae,which is of great concern.It is mandatory to take effective antibiotic policy and infection control measures.

OBJECTIVETo search for a new method for treatment of acute gouty arthritis.

METHODSSixty cases of acute gouty arthritis were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group were treated with electroacupuncture combined with point-injection, and the control group with western medicine. Their therapeutic effects were observed and serum uric acid contents were detected before and after treatment.

RESULTSThere was a very significantly difference between the two groups in the therapeutic effect (P<0. 01) and the analgesic effect in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (P<0. 01). The treatment group was superior to the control group in decrease of blood uric acid (P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture combined with point-injection is an effective method for treatment of acute gouty arthritis, and it can decrease blood uric acid content.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthritis, Gouty ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effect of treatment of acute gouty arthritis (AGA) respectively by electroacupuncture (EA) with different frequency and oral intake of Western medicine.

METHODSSeventy-two patients of AGA were randomly assigned into three groups, 24 in each group. Group A was treated with EA 100 Hz; Group B with EA 2 Hz; and Group C with Western medicine. The analgesic effect, initiating time and sustaining time of analgesia were observed and the level of serum uric acid was measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe initiating time of analgesia was shorter while the sustaining time of analgesia was longer in Group A and B than those in Group C (all P < 0.01). The efficacy of analgesia was higher in Group B than that in Group A, and a better effect was shown in Group B in reducing serum uric acid level than that in Group A (P < 0.01), which was near that in Group C (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEA is an effective treatment for AGA, and low frequency (2 Hz) EA showed a better efficacy.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; methods ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthritis, Gouty ; blood ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; blood ; Pain Management ; Treatment Outcome ; Uric Acid ; blood

Objective To establish a population pharmacokinetics model of azithromycin in Chinese population.Methods Based on the dataset from a bioequivalence study held in the Chinese healthy volunteers,the nonlinear mixed effect model of azithromycin oral formulations was constructed by the NONMEM program.The pharmacokinetic parameters and the relationship between the inter-individual effects and fixed effects were estimated.Resuits A two compartment model with firstorder absorption and elimination was established.The body weight affects the CL_1 and CL_2,and age affects the V1 evidently.Conclusion A nonlinear mixed effect model for oral azithromycin formulations Was developed for the Chinese healthy population.

A total of 169 patients with short-duration type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM) were divided into atherosclerosis (AS) group and non-AS group according to the intima-media thickness (IMT) of three conducting arteries.The level of serum amyloid A (SAA) was assayed by ELISA.The results showed that SAA level of type 2 DM patients increased significantly, patients in AS group showed higher SAA level than that in non-AS group, and SAA level was positively correlated with age, body mass index, waist hip ratio and IMT of common carotid artery.Age, C-reactive protein and SAA level are the major risk factors for IMT of common carotid artery.

In order to clarify the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanism of Xiangju Preparations (Xiangju Tablets, Xiangju Drops) in the treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis, the multi-level network integration analysis of "ingredients-targets-pathways" was conducted. 137 chemical constituents were identified in Xiangju Preparations by high pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF/MS) for the first time. Network pharmacology analysis was performed on 59 potential active components. The results of network pharmacology analysis demonstrated that the medicinal ingredients in Xiangju Preparations included caffeic acid, senkyunolide F, rosmarinic acid, ligustilide, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, linarin, magnolin, luteolin, senkyunolide I and gallic acid. These ingredients act on the crucial targets of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1B (IL1B), protein kinase B (AKT1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and participate in the regulation of advanced glycosylation end products-receptor of AGEs (AGE-RAGE), TNF, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G (cGMP-PKG) signaling pathways to effectively treat rhinitis and sinusitis. The excellent binding performance between above 10 active components and 5 key target proteins was further confirmed by molecular docking, indicating that these 10 ingredients are pharmacodynamic substances of Xiangju preparations. In conclusion, this study preliminarily clarified the effective components and mechanism of Xiangju preparations in the treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis, and provided a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Xiangju preparations.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), an enveloped positive-stranded RNA virus in the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family, is the causative agent of a highly contagious swine disease characterized by symptoms of hemorrhagic fever and immune depression, usually leading to substantial economic losses. The serological methods for detection of CSFV antibody such as ELISA are important means for the diagnosis of CSFV and immune surveillance. It is difficult to obtain CSFV antigen with high quality using traditional method because its titration titer is low in cell culture. CSFV has four structural protein named C, E0, El and E2. The E2 protein contains major antigenic determinants that are conserved between different CSFV strains and involved in neutralization by antibodies. So recombinant E2 protein can be developed as an alternative to the intact viral antigen. So far, CSFV E2 have not been expressed in E. coli with high level. Many factors, such as the secondary structure, the stability of 5' and 3' terminus of gene, the location of SD sequence and the bias of codes, are involved in the expressing level of foreign gene in E. coli . In this study, two sites of the E2 gene sequence were confirmed to be detrimental to its expression efficiency in E. coli through the computer-aided analysis. So they were mutated using recombinant PCR without changing the amino acids sequence of CSFV E2 gene. A plasmid was constructed by inserting the mutated E2 gene into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+) and named pETE2. The E. coli competent host BL21 (DE3)lysS transformed with pETE2 could express the E2 gene at high level, amounting to 28% of the total protein of the induced recombinant bacteria at the presence of IPTG. Except the hydrophobic transmembrane domain at C terminus, the recombinant E2 protein includes the total aa sequence. So it contains all the potential linear antigen epitopes of E2 protein because hydrophobic aa region can not form epitope. The recombinant E2 protein was CSFV-specific as proved by Western blotting and indirect ELISA. The rabbits immunized with the recombinant E2 can be protect from the challenge of hog cholera lapinized virus. This is the first report that E2 gene is expressed with high level expression in E. coli. In conclusion, it is an effective measure that mutate the CSFV E2 gene to increase its expression level in E. coli. The recombinant CSFV E2 protein possess fine immunonicity and can be used the antigen for the detection of CSFV antibody.
Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism

Animals ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; drug therapy ; Female ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; therapeutic use ; Trigonella

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of CD44 in leukemia cell lines and its role in adhesion, migration and infiltration of leukemia cells.

METHODSThe expression levels of CD44 in four leukemia cell lines SHI-1, THP-1, NB4 and K562 were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot when they were in logarithmic phase. And these cell lines were divided into control group (treated with same species and isotype IgG) and experimental group (treated with anti-CD44 mono-clonal antibody). The assays of cell-cell adhesion to endothelial cells line ECV304, migration through the artificial matrix membrane and infiltration through the Matrigel were performed.

RESULTSThe relative expression ratios of CD44 to GAPDH in SHI-1, THP-1, NB4 cells were 0.0731 ± 0.0072, 0.0827 ± 0.0151 and 0.1473 ± 0.0365, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in K562 cells (0.0002 ± 0.0000, P < 0.01). Cell-cell adhesion assay showed that the adhesion rates of SHI-1, THP-1 and NB4 cells in the experimental group decreased to 72.78%, 64.09% and 57.42%, respectively, and were lower than those of the control groups, while that of K562 cells in the experimental group was 106.16%. Migration assay showed that the transmembrane rates of SHI-1,THP-1 and NB4 cells were 55%, 29% and 25% in the control group, respectively, and decreased to 32%, 18% and 12% in the experimental group, respectively, while those of K562 cells in both control group and experimental group remained 2%. The infiltration rates of SHI-1, THP-1 and NB4 cells decreased from 24%, 15% and 13% in the control group to 12%, 8% and 4% in the experimental group, respectively, while K562 cells in both groups could not pass through the Matrigel.

CONCLUSIONCD44 antigen might play an important role in the adhesion, migration and infiltration of leukemia cells and be involved in the extra-medullary infiltration of leukemia cells.

Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

OBJECTIVETo explore the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with acupoint-injection in treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

METHODSSixty patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were divided randomly into treatment group (30 cases, group A) and control group (30 cases, group B) according to random digits table. Involved 31 males and. 29 females in the study,the age was from 35 to 62 years with an average of 48.3 years. The patients in group A were treated with EA (once a day, a total of 10 times) and acupoint-injection (once every two days, a total of 5 times) at L4 Jiaji (EX-B2), L5 Jiaji (EX-B2), Zhibian (BL54), Huantiao (GB30), Yanglingquan (GB34), Weizhong (BLA0) and Kunlun (BL60); and the patients in group B were treated with single EA (Once a day, a total of 10 times). After 10 days of treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted to examine and compare the main pain score, and the clinical effects were compared between two groups from the symptoms and signs in accordance with efficacy criteria.

RESULTSThe paregoric effect of group A was better than that of group B, there was significant differences in the main pain score between two groups (t = 7.18, P < 0.01). The clinical effect of group A was better than that of group B,there was significant differences between two groups (u = 2.91, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEA combined with acupoint-injection is a convenient and highly effective therapy for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, which can effectively relieve the pain of the patients, should be to promote clinical use.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; drug therapy ; pathology ; therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; drug therapy ; Pain Management