Objective: To investigate the function of the heath expenditure in the role of the economic growth through the research on the effect by the human capital. Methods: To establish endogenous growth models and human capital growth models of simultaneous equations, to analyze the mechanism by the method of a three-stage least squares. Results: Growth of human capital is positively related to economic growth, health expenditure growth is negatively related to economic growth, health expenditure growth and growth of human capital is positively correlated. Conclusion: Influences of health expenditure growth on economic growth depends on the comprehensive response.

Objective To discuss the cleaning effect of biofilm cleaners for the endoscopic equipment,in order to clean the endoscopic equipment in the operation room thoroughly,improve the cleaning quality of surgical instruments in hospital and prevent nosocomial infection.Methods 300 polluted endoscopic equipments were selected in the operation room and were divided into the experimental group and the control group randomly.Then the two groups were dealt with biofilm cleaners and multi-enzyme detergent respectively.At the end of the cleaning step,the cleaning effect were compared between the two groups.Results The passing rate of cleaning in the experimental group was 96.8％,significantly better than that of the control group,which was 78.0％.The difference between two groups had statistical significance.Conclusions Cleaning endoscopic equipment with biofilm cleaners can improve the cleaning effect of the surgical instruments,ensure the cleaning quality of the surgical instruments.

Objective The effect of leech injection on experimental therombus formation in rats was studied. Methods The method of common carotid artery-external jugular vein by accessory pathway in rats was used. leech injection to observe its antithrombotic effect. At the same, related indecex were assessed. Results The leech injection inhibited the formation of experimental thrombus obviously and reduced aggregation of plate]et and adhesiveness of platelet. Conclusion It is suggested that leech injection has the effect of antithrombosis formation.

Objective Through analyzing nursing course-teaching plans of 10 representative higher vocational colleges,to realize advantages of the curriculum implementation and contents to be improved from the practical teaching perspective,to review the application of China's educational objectives as well as to provide the reasonable choice and practical support for deepened teaching reforms.Methods Statistical models were employed in analyzing 10 colleges' class hours and course composition.The results were compared with relative guidance documents in national scope.Results All 10 colleges' practical teaching relevant indicators exceeded the national criteria in running higher vocational colleges,but deviations were appeared in response of the national guidance of the nursing education,especially in clinical clerkship.Conclusions The quality guarantee of nursing course-teaching should be improved.A national policy should be implemented to combine the professional education accreditation with the nursing practitioner admittance,apply the minimum professional education standards to achieve the educational quality guarantee and guidance in each level.

Objective To investigate the etiology of papular urticaria: is it caused only by arthropod-like insects-bite allergy, or by multiple factors such as food allergy, disturbance of gastrointestinal function and infection? Methods We searched, by computer and manually, the foreign and domestic literature related to the etiology of papular urticaria published since 1950s, and according to the methods of evidence-based medicine, systematically evaluated the evidence supporting either the insect-bite theory or the multiple factor theory. Results Twenty-nine articles ( 22 English and 7 Chinese ) supported the theory of hypersensitivity to bites from certain insects such as mosquitoes, gnats, fleas, mites, bedbugs etc. Two articles in Chinese mentioned the possibilities other than insect-bite, but the reliability was unconvincing, because the authors did not present the source of data or statistical methods used in the articles. The evidence from epidemiology, histopathology, laboratory and clinical researches all supported the insects-bite theory. No proven evidence was found supporting other aetiological hypotheses. Conclusion Our results suggest that papular urticaria is caused only by the allergy to stings or bites of arthropods, and other hypotheses still lack convincing evidence.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis value of 128-slice spiral CT in patients with adult intussusception. Methods Direct features of 128-slice spiral CT of 63 adult intussusception patients confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Results In 63 cases of intussusceptions, 1 case had idiopathic intussusception, and the other 62 cases had secondary intussusception (1 case with multiple intussusceptions). Direct signs included:target signin 60 cases,double intestines signin 59 cases,blood vessel curling signin 56 cases, andcomet-tail signandkidney signin 51 cases. Lipoma was the most common benign lesions of intussusception, and colon cancer was the most common malignant lesions of intussusception. Conclusions The 128-slice spiral CT combined with multiple plane restructuring has the important value in diagnosing adult intussusception.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of G CSF on lungs of rats with acute cholangitis and changes in blood TNF and TXA 2/PGI 2 by treating the rats with G CSF. Methods Seventy two Wistar rats were randomized into the control, infected and treated groups. We established the model of cholangitis in the rats with injection of E. coli 25922 into the bile duct. The animals in the treated group were pretreated with G CSF 500 ng/day bid) for 5 days before the E. coli injection. The levels of blood TNF and TXA 2/PGI 2 were measured at the 3rd, 6th and 12th h after the injection. Meanwhile, the morphological changes in lungs of the rats were observed. Results The morphological changes in lungs were milder and levels of blood TNF and TXA 2/PGI 2 were significantly lower in the treated group than in the infected one (P

Objective To explore the value of transvaginal color doppler ultrasound(TVS) in the differential diagnosis of endom-etrial hyperplasia(EH) and endometrial cancer(EC) .Methods The clinical data concerning TVS in 48 patients with EH and 37 pa-tients with EC were reviewed retrospectively ,then we compared the ultrasonic diagnosis with the pathological diagnosis to observe the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis .Results In 48 patients with EH ,the inspection results of 44 cases were accordant with the pathological diagnosis .The rest of 4 cases were misdiagnosed by TVS as EC before operation ,and the accurate rate is 91 .67% (44/48);In 37 patients with EC ,the checking results of 34 cases were consistent with the pathological diagnosis . The rest of 3 cases were misdiagnosed by TVS as endometrial atypical hyperplasia ,and the accurate rate is 91 .89% (34/37) .Con-clusion TVS has diagnostic significance in the differential diagnosis of EH and EC .

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between C-erbB-2 and angiogenesis of breast cancer and its clinical significance.METHODS: The expression of C-erbB-2,VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor) and MVD(microvessel density) in breast cancer tissues were detected by two-step immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: For the 50 breast cancer specimens,the positive rate was 44 %(22/50) for C-erbB-2 vs.64%(32/50) for VEGF,and the MVD value was 25.96?11.59.The positive expression rates of C-erbB-2 and VEGF and MVD value in patients with lymph node metastasis of breast cancer were all higher than in those without lymph node metastasis of breast cancer(P0.05).C-erbB-2 expression was positively correlated with VEGF expression(P

Objective To localize the gene of a Chinese autosomal-dominant non-syndrome deafness (DFNA) family by linkage analysis. Methods Pedigree was drawn after genetic investigation. All family members were checked up, and detail audiology examination proceeded (including pure tone audiometer, acoustic immittance measurement, auditory brainstem response). Vestibular function was evaluated. At first, the similarity of the family's locus linkage with the known DFNA loci should be excluded, and then whole genome scan was carried out. Results Deafness gene of this family was localized at 2q13-q14.2. A maximum LOD score of 3.22 (?=0.00) was obtained with the microsatellite marker D2S363. Haplotype analysis placed the novel locus within a 8.4cM region interval defined by markers D2S1888 and 2S2224. DNA sequencing of coding regions and exon/intron boundaries of a candidate gene PAX8 in this interval did not reveal disease-causing mutation in this family. Conclusion A novel DFNA locus was defined in a Chinese Neimeng family.