Objective To investigate the clinical effect of the MBT straight wire technique for treatment of angle class Ⅱ 1 patho-occlusion.Methods 62 cases of adult class Ⅱ division 1 patients were randomly divided into the observation group (32 cases) and the control group (30 cases).The observation group was treated with MBT straight wire appliance therapy,the control group received the traditional straight wire appliance therapy.The two groups were given cephalometric film before and after treatment,and the clinical effect was observed and recorded.Results In the observation group,there were no significant differences in SNA,SNB,ANB,LI-MP,MP-SN after treatment compared with before treatment (t =0.46,0.73,0.24,1.05,P ＞ 0.05),while there were statistically significant differences in ANB,U1-SN,U1-L1 after treatment compared with before treatment (t =1.58,6.32,7.43,P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment 7 mm of openbite,OB 2 mm after treatment,returned to normal overbite and overjet,there was statistically significant difference(t =3.26,P ＜ 0.05).The mean treatment time was (22.0 ± 2.5) months in the observation group,it was significantly lower than(3 1.0 ± 3.8)months in the control group,there was statistically significant difference (t =7.47,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,U1-SN,U1-L1 and OB in the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group,there were statistically significant differences(t =5.47,3.43,5.41,1.67,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion MBT straight wire appliance has the advantages of simple operation,accurate positioning of teeth,simplified correction procedure and short treatment time,it is worth the clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the cholesterol-reducing effects and tolerance property of Lactobacteria isolated from Kefir grain in vitro. Method In imitating gastroenteric environments,such as low pH (2.0～4.0) and high bile salt concentration (0.2%-0.4%),the survival counts of Lactobacteria was carried out and cholesterol-reducing effects were studied. Results The strains of KTX,KS4 and KL1 had more survival counts in eaperimental condition and KTX. KS4 were isolated as more tolerant strains to gastro-enteric environments and could reduce cholesterol in vitro. Conclusion Lactobacteria isolated from Kefir grain had tolerant properties and cholesterol-reducing effects in vitro.

Objective To investigate the cholesterol-reducing effects of complex bacteria leaven (CBL) from Kefir Grain milk yoghurt in experimental hypercholesterolemia rats. Method Isolated three strains of Lactobacilli from Kefir Grain milk yoghurt with high activity of bile salf hydrolase and cholesterol-reducing effect and prepare the CBL. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, hypercholesterolemia model group, and experimentalⅠ, Ⅱ groups according to serum TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations. Control group was fed basic feed and three other groups were fed high fat feed. Experimental groups were given i.g. the test substances for 8 w, and control and model groups were given water, then serum TC, TG , HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations were determined at the end of the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th w. Results Compared with model group, serum TC, TG and LDL-C in experimentalⅠgroup and Ⅱgroup were significantly decreased and HDL-C increased after 8 w of treatments respectively, groupⅠ better than groupⅡ. Conclusion Complex bacteria leaven from Kefir Grain show significant effects of cholesterol-reducing effect in experimental hypercholesterolemia rats.

Objective To retrospec the efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy on treatment of urinary tract stones in solitary kidney.Methods From June 2008 to April 2011,percutaneous nephrolithotomy technique was used to treat 20 cases of urinary tract stones,with kidney stone or cast form staghorn calculi in 4 cases,single pelvis,calyceal stones 10 cases,6 cases of upper ureteral calculi;Fourteen cases used the standard channel F24;6 cases used F16 Micro Channel.Among the 20 patients,16 cases performed stage Ⅰ single channel surgery;2 cases performed dual-channel surgery in Ⅰ stage;2 patients with severe infection performed stage Ⅱ single channel surgery.Results The average duration of the operation was 66mins.The stone clearance rate was 88.36％ on average(18/20),without laceration or bleeding of pelvis or renal calyces mucosa or any other complications.Postoperative indwelling nephrostomy tubes were removed 6 -7 days later,without complications found during the follow-up period.For the 6 cases with preoperative renal dysfunction before surgery,the levels of blood Cr decreased at 2 weeks after surgery.Conclusion Compared to open surgery,percutaneous nephrolithotomy is safe and effective with small wound in treatment of solitary kidney with invasive upper urinary tract calculi.

Objective To investigate the causes of postoperative severe infection and other complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy,and to study the principles of prevention and treatment.Methods Five hundred and sixty three cases of patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy from September 2008 to December 2011 in our hospital,after operation,22 patients were found with serious infection.Data of these 22 cases were analyzed retrospectively according to the causes of the infection,corresponding prevention and treatment.Results The occurrence rate of severe postoperative infection was 3.9％ ( 22/563 ) in this group.The condition of 21 patients improved through adjusting antibiotics and taking other necessary measures in time;the condition of 1 case of septic shock patient was under control by giving anti-infective and anti-shock treatment measures.Conclusion Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgery,with a certain incidence of postoperative infection which should be timely and effectively controlled.

Objective To develop a Chinese version questionnaire of psychosocial adaptation for breast cancer patients with good reliability and validity.Methods The preliminary questionnaire was formed by extensive literature review,semi-structured interview for 10 breast cancer patients and consultation for 4 experts.In order to analyze items and test reliability and validity,228 postoperative breast cancer patients were selected.Results Psychosocial adaptation questionnaire included 44 items and 5 dimensions.It had good content validity and construct validity.With the method of principle components analysis,and five factors were extracted,the cumulative contribution rate was 54.578％,loading for most factors was over 0.4.The result indicated that the structure of the questionnaire was similar to the theory construction.The criterion-related validity with self-rating anxiety scale,the general self-efficacy scale,and self-acceptance questionnaire was-0.757、0.505、0.691.Cronbach's α coefficient of the overall questionnaire was 0.945,retest correlation coefficient was 0.961.Conclusions The developed questionnaire showed good reliability and validity.It can objectively and effectively evaluate psychosocial adaptation of breast cancer patients,so it has practicality and popularization value.

Objective To explore the application and effect of modified-type nasojejunal tube of early enteral nutrition in severe traumatic brain injury patients. Methods 60 sever brain injury patients were collected in the neurosurgery ward of our hospital. The patients were divided into control group and trial group by random number table. The patients in control group were treated with normal spiral nasojejunal tube, and the patients in trail group were given modified-type nasojejunal tube. The study mainly researched the success rate of intubation, the operation time of two groups, the recovery time of gastropareaia and so on. Results The success rate of intubation of experimental group was 93.3%(28/30) which was significantly higher than 73.3% (22/30) in the control group (χ2=4.320, P<0.05). The operation time of two groups were (22.67±1.77) minutes and (28.90±3.39) minutes. The operation time of two groups had significant difference (t=8.936, P<0.05).The recovery time of gastropareaia of two groups were (17.37 ± 8.29) days and (21.60 ± 7.82) days. The recovery time of gastropareaia of two groups had significant difference between two groups (t=2.035, P<0.05). There was no satistically significant difference of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score between two groups (P>0.05). The satisfaction of patient or family of experimental group was 93.3%(28/30) which was significantly higher than 60.0%(18/30) of the control group (χ2=9.317, P<0.05). Conclusions The modified-type nasojejunal tube was conducive to improve the success rate of intubation. The symptoms of gastroparesis were recovered early. The modified-type nasojejunal tube was easy operation, suitable for beginners and young nurses. The satisfaction of patient or family was higher.

OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effect of ceftazidime(CAZ) in a rat model of pneumonia caused by CTX-M-14 extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae which is susceptible to ceftazidime in vitro.METHODS Forty eight rats were divided into four groups randomly which were ceftazidime-treated group,piperacillin/tazobactam-treated group,ceftaxime-treated group and the control group.All rats were intranasally inoculated with bacterial suspension of CTX-M-14 ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae to produce pneumonia models.Twenty four hours after inoculation,rats were intramuscularly administered ceftazidime,piperacillin/tazobactam,ceftaxime,or saline,respectively.The temperature,leucocyte count,percentage of neutrophils,and bacterial counts in the right lungs of rats were detected at some timepoints.RESULTS Compared with the ceftaxime-treated group and the control group,the leucocyte count,percentage of neutrophil count and common logarithm of the bacterial count in the right lungs of the ceftazidime-treated group and piperacillin/tazobactam-treated group after the treatment which lasted seventy two hours were significantly lower than those of ceftaxime-treated group and the control group(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS Ceftazidime shows good therapeutic effect in pneumonia in rats caused by CTX-M-14 ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae which is susceptible in vitro.

Objective To investigate the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as hidden diabetes mellitus (HDM) and explore its clinical significance.Methods A total of 384 suspected patients with T2DM having underwent oral glucose tolerance test were enrolled in this study:216 cases of patients were T2DM (T2DM group),and 168 cases of patients were HDM (HDM group).T2DM patients were divided into single-vessel lesion group(122 cases),double-vessel lesion group(54 cases),and more-vessel lesion group(40 cases).Another 60 healthy person were as control group.The intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid was measured by ultrasonography.The level of serum HO-1 was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The serum level of HO-1 in control group,HDM group and T2DM group was (1.24 ± 0.53),(2.12 ± 0.84),(3.46 ± 1.23) μ g/L.The serum level of HO-1 in T2DM group was significantly higher than that in control group and HDM group (P ＜ 0.05),and in HDM group it was significantly higher than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the serum level of HO-1 and IMT of carotid among single-vessel lesion group,double-vessel lesion group,and more-vessel lesion group [(2.94 ± 1.14),(3.72 ± 1.36),(4.64 ± 1.58) μg/L and (1.21 ±0.16),(1.44 ± 0.20),(1.62 ± 0.27) mm] (P ＜ 0.05).The serum level of HO-1 and IMT of carotid in double-vessel lesion group was higher than that in single-vessel lesion group,and in more-vessel lesion group it was higher than that in double-vessel lesion group and single-vessel lesion group (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).The serum level of HO-1 was positively related with IMT of carotid (r =0.512,P ＜0.01).Conclusion The high-level expression of HO-1 is found in HDM and T2DM patients,which maybe play a key role in the early diagnosis of T2DM.

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is one of the main inherited retinal diseases causing congenital blindness.LCA is also characterized by genetic heterogeneity and variable clinical phenotypes.Recent years,a lot of molecular genetic studies related with its pathogenesis have been performed.So far,20 causative genes have been identified that account for LCA.Some correlations between genotype and clinical phenotype have also been found.Those specific clinical manifestations may help to identify the mutant gene that causes the LCA.This review summarized the causal genes,their roles in the pathogenesis of LCA,coupled with relationship between specific gene and Corresponding phenotype,which will assist the clinician in patient diagnosis and counseling.