OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of probiotic on protein energy wasting and micro-inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS: One hundred and twelve patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis at the nephrology department of Guizhou provincial people's hospital in 2017, were randomly divided into intervention group(n=56) and control group(n=56), which were treated probiotic and placebo respectively two months, and collected biochemical, inflammatory, physical measurement and bioelectrical impedance index before and after treatment. RESULTS: The prevalence of protein-energy wasting was 64.29% and 60.71%in intervention group and control group, respectively. Compared with control group, patients in intervention group had lower urea nitrogen, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 and higher serum albumin levels, and these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Physical measurement results showed that the upper arm muscle circumference of intervention group was increased compared to control group, and the change was statistically significant(P<0.05). Biological resistance testing results showed that the fat percentage of intervention group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The treatment of probiotic could improve protein energy wasting and micro-inflammation in continuous peritoneal dialysis patients.