Plastrous of Chinemys reevesii (Gray) and Morenia ocellata (Dum.et Bid) are compared and identified by characte rization, TLC and UV spectroscopy.The method is simple and reliable.

Objective To compare the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and remifentainil (REM) combined with sevoflurane (SEV) for general anesthesia on recovery quality in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).Methods Sixty patients (ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) who underwent LC were divided into DEX combined with SEV for general anesthesia group (DEX group) and REM combined with SEV for general anesthesia group (REM group) by table of random digit,with 30 cases each.Time of first inspiration,eye opening,extubation,orientation recovery and passage of gas by anus were recorded.Vital sign,numeric rating score (NRS),Ramsay score and untoward reaction were recorded.Degree of satisfaction of patients,post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) nurse and surgeon were evaluated.Results The time of extubation and passage of gas by anus in DEX group were significantly shorter than those in REM group [(12.0 ±3.9) min vs.(15.9 ±5.6) min,t =-3.130,P =0.003; (18.5 ±3.4) h vs.(23.6 ±5.8) h,t =-5.455,P =0.000].However,the time of eye opening and orientation recovery in DEX group were significantly longer than those in REM group [(15.5 ± 4.2) min vs.(11.7 ± 2.9) min,t =4.078,P =0.000;(19.5 ± 4.5) min vs.(14.8 ± 3.6) min,t =4.315,P =0.000].During the first 2 h after operation,Ramsay score in DEX group was significantly higher than that in REM group (P ＜ 0.05),but NRS in DEX group was significanty lower than that in REM group (P ＜ 0.05),the patients with additional analgesics was minor than REM group (2 cases vs.9 cases,P ＜ 0.05).The percentages of patients suffering shivering and postoperative nausea and vomiting in DEX group were significantly lower than those in REM group [3.3％(1/30) vs.33.3％(10/30),6.7％(2/30) vs.30.0％ (9/30),P ＜0.05].Degree of satisfaction of patients and PACU nurse in DEX group were higher than those in REM group [89.0(72.0-100.0) scores vs.80.0(70.0-95.0) scores,Z =-4.066,P =0.000; 92.0 (80.0-99.0) scores vs.90.0 (80.0-95.0) scores,Z =-2.906,P =0.004],but degree of satisfaction of surgeon in REM group was higher than that in DEX group [(91.8 ± 5.8) scores vs.(81.7 ±6.1) scores,t =-6.568,P =0.004].Conclusion Compared with REM combined with SEV for general anesthesia,DEX combined with SEV for general anesthesia has a faster recovery for respiration and passing of gas by anus,lower NRS and incidence rates of shivering,nausea and vomiting,improves the quality of recovery for patients undergoing LC.

Objective To study the quality standard of Anshen Jiannao Mixture. Methods Radix ophiopgonis, Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Fructus Lycii and Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng were identified by TLC. HPLC was used to determine the content of Schizandrol A on C18 (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) ODS column. The mobile phase was consisted of methanol-water (55∶45). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was at 250 nm. Results The characteristic spot of Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Fructus Lycii and Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng could be easily examined by TLC. The calibration curve of Schizandrol A was linear in the range of 0.121 8～1.218 ?g, r=0.999 9. The precision RSD was 0.22% (n=6). The reproducibility RSD was 1.1% (n=6). The average recovery rate of Schizandrol A was 97.34% (RSD=1.7%, n =6). Conclusions The method is easy, sensitive and specific with good reproducibility. It can be used to control the quality of Anshen Jiannao Mixture.

Objective To evaluate the role of GABAA receptors in uninjured dorsal root ganglion(L4DRG)in a rat model of neuropathic pain.Methods Thirty adult female SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 10 each): control group(group C),muscimol group(group M)and bicuculline group(group B).Neuropathic pain was produced by L5 spinal nerve ligation.Normal saline 50 μl,GABAA receptor agonist-muscimol 50 μl or GABAA receptor antagonist- bicucullin 50 μl was injected into the L4 DRG.The thermal pain threshold and mechanical pain threshold were measured and recorded from 1 day before operation to 10 days after operation.Results Compared with group C,the mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased(P ＜ 0.05),while no significant difference was found in thermal pain threshold in group M(P ＞ 0.05),and the thermal pain threshold and mechanical pain threshold were significantly decreased in group B(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activation of GABAA receptors in uninjured DRG is involved in mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain,but it dose not play a leading role.

Objective To investigate the change in GABA receptor-activated current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in rats with neuropathic pain. Methods Twenty adult SD rats of both sexes weighing 100-150 g were randomly divided into 2 gorups: sham operation group (group S, n = 5) and neuropathic pain group (group NP, n= 15). Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation of right L5 spinal nerve. The animals were sacrificed at 5 days after operation. The L5 DRG( neurons in group NP and L3-5 DRG neurons in group S were immediately isolated. Whole-cellpatch- clamp technique was used. The extracellular solution contained GABA 100μmol/L.The frequency and amplitude of the GABA-activated current in DRG neurons and the changes in action potential (threshold potential, rheobase and overshoot) and resting potential before and after GABA administration were recorded. Results GABA 100μmol/L induced rapid inactivation of inward current in most neurons. Compared with the baseline before application of GABA, in group S GABA induced depolarization,increased resting potential and decreased amplitude and rheobase of action potential in large and medium DRG neurons, while in group NP GABA increased resting potential but induced no significant change in threshold potential and rheobase and overshoot of action potential. The frequency and amplitude of GABA-activated current and the degree of change in resting potential and rheobase and overshoot of action potential were significantly lower in group NP than in group S.Spontaneous discharge occurred in small DRG neurons in both groups. No GABA-activated current was observed in all DRG neurons with spontaneous discharge. Conclusions Neuropathic pain is induced by decreasing GABA-mediated inhibition signals in large and medium DRG neurons leading to increased excitability of neurons.

Objective To investigate the effect of edaravone pretreatment on myocardial injury induced by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.Methods Thirty patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ grade,were divided into two groups by random digits table with 15 cases each:control group and edaravone group.Edaravone group following tracheal intubation received vein infusion of edaravone 0.5 mg/kg,control group received equal volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride.The carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum pressure was maintained at 10-15 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa).Venous blood samples were collected before anesthesia induction and after operation 8 h for the measurement of the serum creatine kinase (CK),creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).Results The serum levels of CK and AST were significantly higher after operation 8 h in control group than those of before anesthesia induction in control group and after operation 8 h in edaravone group [(205 ± 27) U/L vs.(123 ± 25) and (123 ± 29)U/L,(48±5) U/L vs.(34 ±3) and (36 ±5) U/L,P＜0.05].There was no significant difference in the serum levels of CK-MB and LDH between two groups and the group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Pretreatment with edaravone 0.5 mg/kg can protect myocardium in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.

Objective Analysis and adscription of volatiles from Guizhi Tang and study on its improvement of the learning and memory in dementia mice induced by scopolamine.Methods The volatile oil from Guizhi Tang(GZT),Guizhi and Shengjiang was extracted using steam distillation method and was analyzed by GC-MS. Morris water maze and step-down test were carried out for obtain the difference of the learning and memory improvement in 40 ICR mice from randomized groups, such as the control group, the model group, the donepezil group (2 mg/kg), the low dose of volatile oil of GZT (5 mg/kg), and the high dose of volatile oil of GZT (20 mg/kg), and ACh, AchE, BchE and chE in serum were detected by ELISA. Results Among 38 identyfied volatile ingredients from GZT, 18(44% in weight) was from Guizhi, and 9 was from Shengjiang. Compared with the model group, the low and high dose of GZT volatile oil significantly increased swimming distance ratio in destination quadrant (26.74% ± 16.42%vs.9.42% ± 8.50%, P<0.05); goal quadrant time scale (43.51% ± 25.12%vs. 14.50% ± 12.23%,P<0.05)) increased significantly than the model group ; the number of errors in the experiment platform (1.63 ± 1.19vs. 0.25 ± 0.46, P<0.05) obviously increased than model group ; platform test in the made errors times (0.57 ± 0.98vs. 4.43 ± 2.4, P<0.05) significantly reduced. The GZT total volatile oil groups significantly reduced cognitive obstacles small rat serum in the cholinester enzyme (chE) (140.90 ± 3.27, 144.79 ± 6.71vs. 134.49 ± 3.36,P<0.05); acetylcholinesterase (AchE) (3.30 ± 1.31, 3.94 ± 0.78 vs.8.52 ± 3.39,P<0.05); butyrylcholinesterase (BchE) (3.22 ± 0.45, 3.66 ± 0.53vs. 7.99 ± 0.79,P<0.05); and acetylcholine (Ach) (4.10 ± 0.38, 3.03 ± 0.25vs.1.72 ± 0.50, P<0.05) significantly increased.Conclusions The GZT volatile oil mainly from Guizhi and Shengjiang can improve the learning and memory ability in dementia mice induced by scopolamine via a cholinergic mechnism.

Deoxyglycychloxazol (TY501) is a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative which exhibits high anti-inflammatory activity and reduced pseudoaldosteronism compared to glycyrrhetinic acid. In this study, a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was established for the quantitation of TY501 in rat plasma. Plasma samples were treated by precipitating protein with methanol and supernatants were separated by a Symmetry C8 column with the mobile phase consisting of me-thanol and 10 mM ammonium formate (containing 0.1%of formic acid) (90:10, v/v). The selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions were performed at m/z 647.4-191.2 for TY501 and m/z 473.3-143.3 for astragaloside aglycone (IS) in the positive ion mode with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source. Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 5–5000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL. The mean recovery was over 88%. The intra-and inter-day precisions were lower than 6.0% and 12.8%, respectively, and the accuracy was within 71.3%. TY501 was stable under usual storage conditions and handling procedure. The validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of TY501 to rats at a dosage of 10 mg/kg.

Objective To discuss the influence of new weapons in the high-tech war on eye wounds in order to develop the new time-effect treatment strategy. Methods The data of wounds in recent wars were investigated, the causes of eye wounds in high-tech war were analyzed, and the new concept of time effect treatment strategy for eye wounds was proposed. Results The weapons in high-tech war have developed into mass destruction and precisely guided munitions. The main cause of eye wounds is the shrapnel and some new wounds will occur such as eye wounds caused by laser or chemical toxin, radiation cataract. Conclusion In the future high-tech war, the major type of eye-wounds may still be the explosion injury and some new types of eye wounds should be paid more attention. The time-effect treatment strategy should be implemented to meet the demand of improving eye wound therapy and promoting the development of ophthalmology.

AIM: To study the effect of Qingqi Liangying Injection on febrile rats induced by zymonsa and on content of PGE_2 as well as cAMP in rat hypothalamus. METHODS: The rat febrific model induced by 10% zymonsa solution was used to observe QingqiLiangying Injection's effect on the rat temperature, and the radioimmunoassay(RIA) was used to determin the content of PGE_2 and cAMP in hypothalamus of rats. RESULTS: Qingqi Liangying Injection had an obvious antipyretic effect on febrile rats; Qingqi Liangying Injection could significantly reduce the content of PGE_2 and cAMP. CONCLUSION: Qingqi Liangying Injection can obviously reduce the rat body temperature and the content of PGE_2 and cAMP in hypothalamus of rats.