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Amblyopia*

Objective To investigate on the students' network usage,addiction and influencing factors at a certain university and analyze its correlation with impulsive choice.Methods Multi-class sampling method was applied.1 777 students were selected from the School of Clinical Medicine,School of Nursing,School of Public Health,School of Mental Health,School of Medical Laboratory Science,Department of Stomatology,School of Pharmacy,School of Management and Department of Biology,including 1 534 medical majors,accounting for 86.3％ and 243 non-medical majors,accounting for 13.7％.Results 121 students were addicted to the internet,accounting for 6.8％ of the selected students,while 1 656 students were free from the internet addiction,accounting for 93.2％ of the selected students.Among all the addicts,96 were from medical majors,accounting for 79.3％ and 25 were from non-medical majors,accounting for 20.7％.As for the online activities,boys loved computer games while girls preferred to watch movies,listen to music and shop.At the same time,most of the junior students and non-medical majors played games online.As for the length of time,students spending 5 and more hours everyday on the internet accounted for 3.4％.As for the sites,medical majors usually used their cell-phones while non-medical majors mostly got on line at their dorms.Probably due to the boys' preference for computer games,a larger proportion of boys getting on line at school dorms and internet bars off the campus.Most of the girls chose to use their cell-phones.More junior students surferred the internet at dorms while more senior students used their cell-phones.As for the function of the medical knowledge on the prevention and treatment of internet addiction,9.8％ of the students held that medical knowledge had a great effect on the prevention and treatment of internet addiction,61.5％ believed in a general effect,while 28.6％ of the students thought it useless.The multi-factor analysis showed that grade,home address and the communication with parents all attribute to internet addiction.Internet addiction was significantly associated with impulsiveness,and 3 dimensionality of impulsive choice (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion There is higher incidence of internet addiction among the junior students,students from the urban areas and those who lack communication with parents.Grade,home address and situation of communicating with parents are the important factors for internet addiction.Internet addiction is close association with impulsive choice.

Objective To explore efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) for the treatment of distal tibia comminuted fracture by using normal anatomical plate. Methods Between January 2007 and July 2008,18 cases of distal tibia facture were treated by MIPPO using anatomical plate. The clinical data of the patients were reviewed. Results A mean of 6.5 cm incision (5.0-8.5 cm) was made in the patients; the intraoperative blood loss ranged from 60 to 300 ml (mean,145 ml);and the operation time ranged from 30 to 120 min with a mean of 63 min. After the surgery,2 patients developed mild skin necrosis,and was then cured by conventional therapy; no patient had nonunion of the fracture,failure of internal fixation,or delayed wound healing. The 18 cases were followed up for a mean of 8 months (range,4 to 10 months); all of them were healed clinically and could walk without crutch in 4 months postoperatively. According to Johner-Wruhs score system,11 were excellent and 7 were good; the excellent-good rate was 100%. Conclusions MIPPO with anatomical plate is an optimal treatment for distal tibia comminuted fracture with advantages in protecting the soft issues and bony blood supply,promoting the wound-healing process,and reducing the rate of complications.

Objective To investigate the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by delayed preconditioning with sevoflurane in rats.Methods Eighty male SD rats, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly assigned into 5 groups ( n = 16 each): Ⅰsham operation group (group S), Ⅱ group I/R, Ⅲ sevoflurane delayed preconditioning group (group SP), Ⅳ the mPTP opener atractyloside + sevoflurane delayed preconditioning group (group A + SP), and Ⅴ atractyloside group (group A). Myocardial I/R was induced by ligation of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion in group I/R, SP, A + SP and A. In group SP and A + SP, 2.5%sevoflurane was inhaled for 1 h, while pure oxygen was inhaled for 1 h in the other groups, and then myocardial ischemia was performed 24 h later. In group A + SP and A, atractyloside 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously via caudal vein 15 min before ischemia. Blood samples were taken from carotid arteries for detection of serum cardiac troponin-Ⅰ (cTnI) concentrations at the end of reperfusion. Then the rats were sacrificed and hearts removed. The myocardial infarct size (IS) and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the myocardium were determined. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined with the electron microscope. Results Serum cTnI concentrations and Bax expression were significantly higher, the myocardial IS was significantly larger and Bcl-2 expression was significantly lower in the other groups than in group S ( P ＜ 0.05). Serum cTnI concentrations and Bax expression were significantly lower, the myocardial IS was significantly smaller and Bcl-2 expression was significantly higher in group SP than in group I/R ( P ＜ 0.05). Microscopic examination showed less damage in group SP than in group I/R. The protection provided by sevoflurane preconditioning was abolished by atractyloside. Conclusion Inhibition of mPTP opening can result in an up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of Bax expression, which plays a role in attenuation of myocardial I/R injury by delayed preconditioning with sevoflurane in rats.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anxiety disorders and influence factors that occur in adolescent patients with cleft lip and palate and to provide theoretical foundation for mental intervention.

METHODSA total of 120 adolescent patients with cleft lip and palate were investigated using a general information questionnaire, the self-rating anxiety scale, and the social support rating scale (SSRS). The influence factors of anxiety disorders were analyzed.

RESULTSThe effective questionnaires were 119. The occurrence rate of anxiety disorder in adolescent patients was 49.6% (59/119), and the occurrence rates of mild, moderate, and severe anxieties were 41.2% (49/119), 7.6% (9/119), and 0.8% (1/119), respectively. The gender, residential area, disease category, family status (one child or no children), and incidence rate of anxiety disorder in patients were statistically different (P<0.05). The SSRS scores of patients with anxiety disorder were lower than those of patients without anxiety disorder (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that gender and social support were predictive factors of the occurrence of anxiety disorder (R=0.318).

CONCLUSIONA high anxiety disorder rate occurred in adolescent patients with cleft lip and palate. dender and social support were important influencing factors for anxiety disorder. In the after-mental intervention, considerable attention should be given to the anxiety disorders of patients and improve their mental health.

Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; epidemiology ; Child ; Cleft Lip ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Cleft Palate ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Parents ; Social Support ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To explore the relationship between osteoporosis knowledge and activities and fear of falling of elderly in the community.Method 420 elders in community were investigated with osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) and the modified survey of activities and fear of falling in the elderly (MSAFFE).Result The overall average score of MSAFFE was (25.36±4.58),and exercise capacity dimension scored higher (13.89±2.41).The overall average score of OKAT was (9.11±3.81).The correlation coefficient of MSAFFE and OKAT was-0.11～ 0.58(P＜0.05).The level of knowledge osteoporosis could explain 24％,18％,16％ variation of activities and fear of falling in each dimension.Conclusion The level of knowledge osteoporosis in the elderly is closely related to activity and fear of falling.Health education should be strengthened to improve the life quality of older people.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of adenosine A1 receptor agonist (2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine, CCPA) delayed preconditioning on myocardial ischemia reperfu-sion injury and the potential mechanism in rabbits. Methods Thirty New Zealand male white rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups:a control group, an I/R group, and a CCPA group. CCPA group was given CCPA 0.1 mg/kg before the myocardial ischemia. Twenty-four hours later I/R group and CCPA group underwent 40 min of coronary occlusion followed reperfusion for 2 h. At the end of the reperfusion, blood samples were taken from the arterial line for determining the plasma level of malondialdhyde and superoxide dismutase activity. The infarct size and area at risk were de-fined by Evans and TIC staining. The heart was harvested and levels of metallothionein (MT) were determined by Western blot, and ultrastructures were observed under the electron microscope. Results The MT level of CCPA group was significantly higher than that of the I/R group (P<0.05). CCPA significantly reduced the infarct size (22.1%±3.8% in the CCPA group) of the left yen-tricular area at risk as compared with the control (41.8%±4.3% in the I/R group,P<0.05). The injury of I/R group was worse than that of the CCPA group under the light microscope. CCPA group had higher superoxide dismutase and lower malondialdhyde than those of the I/R group. Con-clusion CCPA can increase the level of metallothionein during ischemia-reperfusion, which may be part of the molecular mechanism of CCPA delayed preconditioning on cardioprotection.

Objective To study and analyze the clinical effect of valsartan on chronic pulmonary heart disease. Methods 100 cases of heart failure patients with pulmonary heart disease treated in our hospital from January 2015 to October 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group,50 cases in each group.Two groups of patients were given the basic treatment of diuretics,low salt diet, digitalis and nitrates,so as to ensure that the patients had enough rest.Patients in the control group were treated with benazepril,and the patients in the experimental group were treated with valsartan.The clinical indexes of the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed. Results After corresponding treatment,the number of effective treatment was 48 cases.In the control group,the total effective number was 41 cases. The effective rate of the control group (82.0％) was significantly lower than the experimental group(96.0％) (P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 8.0％, and the fatality rate was 10.0％. The incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was 10.0％, and the fatality rate was 12.0％.There was no significant difference between two groups.After treatment,the indexes of LVEDD and LVESD in the experimental group were better than those in the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Valsartan was effective in the treatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease with heart failure.It can improve the treatment efficiency and security in a certain extent,and has the significance of further popularization and application.

Pilomatrixoma, a rare benign tumor which consists of basophils and shadow cells, has not been reported in Korea. It originates from a hair follicle and occurs commonly on eyelids and the eyebrow in children and young adults. We expoerienced a 7 year-old male who had a progressive growing palpable mass on the upper eyelid. The systemic steroid was administrated under the impression of hemangioma, but there was no effect. So, the mass was exploratorily excised and confirmed as pilomatrixoma by pathologic examinations. We present a case of pilomatrixoma on the upper eyelid in a child.
Basophils ; Child ; Eyebrows ; Eyelids* ; Hair Follicle ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Pilomatrixoma* ; Young Adult

Since Helmholtz discovered the ophthalmoscope in 1851, normal fundus has been possible to be observed. The findings of the optic disk and retinal vessels in the fundus are of great importance in the evaluation of intraocular diseases and systemic diseases(especially intracranial problems). The shape of the optic disk and retinal vessels have been described by many investigators. Direct ophthalmoscopy was performed on 800 normal eyes(400 persons) to evaluate following aspects; (1) The shape of the optic disk. (2) The distribution of the central retinal artery. (3) The origin of the C.R.A. from the disk. (4) The number of disk in accordance with three different shape of physiological cups. (5) The relationship between (1) and (2) (6) The relationship between (2) and (3). (7) The relationship between (2) and (4). The following results were obtained. 1. The shape of the optic disk. 1) The 353 eyes(44.13%) were round, and the 318 eyes(39.75%), vertically oval. 2) In the 289 persons(72.25%) the shape of the optic disk were same in both eyes. 2. The classification of the optic disk based on branching of the C.R.A. 1) The 425 eyes(53.13%) had symmetric distribution, and the 285 eyes(35.63%) had nasa1temporal up distribution. And at least one of the main branches of the C.R.A. passed by nasal side of the optic disk in every eye. 2) In the 215 persons(53.75%), the distribution of the C.R.A. were same in both eyes. 3. The origin of the C.R.A. in the optic disk. 1) The 411 eyes(51.38%) had their origin in the nasal center, and the 326 eyes(40.75%) in the center, And none of the eyes had their origin in temporal side. 2) In the 284 persons(71.00%) the origin of the C.R.A. were same in both eyes. 4. The physiological cupping of the optic disk. 1) Most of the eyes(634 eyes; 79.25%) had the optic disk of type A(C/D ratio< or =0.3 and located in the center). 2) The 365 persons(91.25%) had same disk in their both eyes. And the difference of C/D ratio between both eyes was less than 0.2 in 99.75%. 5. The relationship between the shape of the optic disk and the distribution of the branches of the C.R.A. was not significant statistically. 6. The nasal-temporal down distribution(Class 6) of the C.RA. appeared more when the C.R.A, originated from the nasal down than when it originated form the nasal center. 7. The nasal distribution(Class 1) of the C.R.A. appeared more in the cases of the type A than in the cases of type B which had medium or large optic cup and locakd in the center or slightly displaced to the temporal side.
Classification ; Humans ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Optic Disk* ; Research Personnel ; Retinal Artery ; Retinal Vessels* ; Retinaldehyde*