Objective Through analyzing nursing course-teaching plans of 10 representative higher vocational colleges,to realize advantages of the curriculum implementation and contents to be improved from the practical teaching perspective,to review the application of China's educational objectives as well as to provide the reasonable choice and practical support for deepened teaching reforms.Methods Statistical models were employed in analyzing 10 colleges' class hours and course composition.The results were compared with relative guidance documents in national scope.Results All 10 colleges' practical teaching relevant indicators exceeded the national criteria in running higher vocational colleges,but deviations were appeared in response of the national guidance of the nursing education,especially in clinical clerkship.Conclusions The quality guarantee of nursing course-teaching should be improved.A national policy should be implemented to combine the professional education accreditation with the nursing practitioner admittance,apply the minimum professional education standards to achieve the educational quality guarantee and guidance in each level.

0.05);the body weight of 170 and 357 mg/kg 3,4-DCA exposure groups decreased significantly(P

Objective A meta-analysis was conducted to figure out the effects of anesthetic methods on postoperative myocardial infarction in noncardiac surgery patients.Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Google scholar, CNKI, Wang-fang data and VIP Database (by September 2016) to identify relevant studies that focused on the effect of intrathecal blockade on postoperative myocardial infarction and mortality in non-cardiac surgery.Meta-analysis was performed using software of RevMan 5.3.Results A total of 21 859 patients from 10 RCTs were enrolled.The meta-analysis showed that there were no differences in myocardial infarction within 7 postoperative days (OR=0.44, 95%CI 0.13-1.46, P=0.18) or 30 days (OR=1.49, 95%CI 0.89-2.49, P=0.13) and all-cause mortality (OR=1.26, 95%CI 0.84-1.88, P=0.26) between epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia and general anesthesia.Furthermore, there were no differences in myocardial infarction within postoperative 7 days (OR=1.14, 95%CI 0.31-4.17, P=0.84) and all-cause mortality within postoperative 30 days (OR=0.88, 95%CI 0.43-1.79, P=0.73) between spinal anesthesia alone and general anesthesia alone.Conclusion Intrathecal blockade cannot affect the incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality in high-risk cardiac patients undergoing intermediate or high-risk non-cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of solvent pH on the physical/chemical properties and clinical use of four drugs commonly used in gynecology and obstetrics, including aminophylline, ambroxol, labetalol and ritodrine, through simulation and evidence-based evaluation to provide theoretical guidance and quantitative reference for clinical use. METHODS: By searching PubMed compound and Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, the physical/chemical and clinical information of the four drugs were obtained. The logP, pKa, logD, and solubility were simulated using ACD/LAB 6.0 software. RESULTS: The solvent pH had effects on the logD and solubility of the four drugs to a certain degree in an exponential manner. The four drugs are compatible with dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection, but special care needs to be taken in the clinical use. CONCLUSION: Solvent pH has influence on the dissolution balance of the four drugs. Simulation of the physical/chemical properties of drugs will provide theoretical guidance and reference for clinicians with more detailed information.

OBJECTIVE: To investigating the Pregnancy, Lactation, and Reproductive Potential: Labeling for Human Prescription Drug and Biological Products-Content and Format, and we provide lessons for China's future revolution for the use of drug for pregnant women. METHODS: We analyzed and summarized the materials about the new system, and discussed history, letter risk categorization system, the preparation, new system, the effects of new rule. RESULTS: The new rule eliminates letter risk categorization system (ABCDX). The new system not only combines different parts of the previous rule but also adds a new part-"Females and Males of Reproductive Potential". CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacists will work better with the new rule, thus should take lessons of FDA's revolutions for rules on pregnancy, and take steps to improve the safety measures for pregnant women.

The family Gentianaceae are found mostly on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, which have important medicinal properties. Based on 27 published complete chloroplast genome sequences from Gentiana, Swertia, Halenia, Menyanthes, and Nymphoides of Gentianaceae, the chloroplast genome structure was analyzed. The cp genome sizes of 27 taxa range from 137 to 154 kb, and they contain 101-114 unique genes, including 67-80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. Also, a Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 27 cp genome sequences with Pentalinon luteum (Apocynaceae) as the outgroup. The tree was topologically consistent with the treatments of traditional taxonomy, and the cp genome sequences have genus- or section-level resolution. In addition, we reviewed the significance of species identification within the family. These cp genome sequences could provide basic data for the endangered species conservation, the genetic analysis and pharmacognostic researches of herbs from Gentianaceae.

Objective To observe the recent clinical efficacy of the sequential therapy hormone in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis.Methods In accordance with the principle of digital sheet,160 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,80 cases in each group.On the basis of methotrexate and leflunomide in both groups,the hormone sequential therapy was given in the observation group,but prednisone was given in the control group.The clinical efficacy of treatment after 1 week and 3 months were compared in two groups.Results In the observation group,the indicators in 7 d after treatment were significantly reduced,compared with untreated(t =19.90,7.63,14.73,7.58,6.84,14.09,all P ＜0.01),In the control group,three indicators of the duration of morning stiffness,joint tenderness index and joint swelling index in 7d after treatment were significantly reduced,compared with untreated (t =13.42,3.34,7.24,all P ＜ 0.01),Compared the indicators in the two groups in 7 d after treatment,there were statistically significant differences (t =13.07,4.92,10.51,5.23,5.74,15.03,all P ＜ 0.01).The indicators in the 3 months after treatment in both groups were signifi cantly decreased,buttherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroups (t =1.80,1.73,1.59,1.22,1.21,1.35,all P ＞ 0.05).The total effective rate was 80% in the observation group; but the rate was 75 % in the control group;there was no statistically significant difference in the two groups(x2 =0.57,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The sequential hormone therapy is an effective means for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis,by controlled the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis effectively and alleviated the patient's condition.

Objective By the reform of vocational nursing Maternal and Child Care course teaching methods,to solve the problems existing in higher vocational curriculum in five-year nursing specialty such as too much repetition in teaching content,low learning interest and enthusiasm in students,and not being able to reach target level of personnel training effectively.Methods Higher vocational nursing class 2 (51students) were extracted as the experimental group,class 3 (50 students) were extracted as as the control group from grade 2009.The experimental group adopted the project teaching method,the control group used the traditional teaching method.At the end of the course,the results of knowledge and operating skills between the two groups were compared.Results The total scores of the experimental group were better than the control group in memorizing theoretical knowledge examination,interpretation,application.There were no differences in individual skill examination skills assessment between the two groups,comprehensive skills assessment and total scores of the experimental group was better than the control group.Conclusions Application of project teaching method in higher vocational nursing specialty maternal and child care course teaching in higher vocational cohesion.It can effectively avoid the repetition of teaching content which may lead to the low utilization rate in class,stimulate students' interest in learning,and develop students' comprehensive occupation ability,and make vocational course objectives to achieve high stage.

Objective To evaluate the clinical pathway (CP) for treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis.Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from hospitalized patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) who were treated surgically between April 2011 to December 2012.Patient treated with the clinical pathway (the CP group) were compared with patients who were treated with conventional treatment (the non-CP group).The following outcomes were compared:the average length of in-hospital stay,the hospital charges,patient's satisfaction,patient's knowledge about his/ her own health and postoperative complications.Results For the CP groups,the length of in-hospital stay,the hospital charges,the patient's satisfaction and the health knowledge for the patients were (10.25±1.26)d,(19600.25±1520.73) yuan,(46.4 5±2.14),(83.50±8.02),respectively.The corresponding figures for the non-CP group were (14.25 ± 1.50) d,(23931.25 ± 1629.17) yuan,(42.65 ± 1.93),(74.50 ± 12.60),respectively.There were significant differences between the 2 groups (t=-4.086,-4.074,8.351,3.811 ; P＜0.05).The postoperative complications,including bile leakage,bleeding,ascites and pleural effusion,were 2,0,2 cases in the CP group,and 0,4,5 cases in the non-CP group.There were no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.17,0,0.6; P＞0.05).Conclusion Our initial clinical experience showed that the clinical pathway decreased the length of in-hospital stay and hospital charges,and provided quality and efficient clinical services to patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis.

Objective To evaluate blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI on assessing renal damage after injection of iodine contrast medium with a 3.0 T system. Methods Routine MRI examination,including T1WI and T2WI, and BOLD MRI were performed in 29 SD rats with a 3.0 T system before the injection of iodine contrast agent and 20 min, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after the injection, respectively. T2 * and R2 * ( = 1/T2 * ) measurements were obtained in the cortex, inner and outer medulla of kidney,respectively. The results obtained before contrast agent administration were considered as the self-controls.AVONA test were used for the comparison of R2 * values in different parts of both kidneys before contrast agent administration. Two-sample t test was used to compare R2 * values before and at each time point after contrast agent administration, and R2 * values in different parts of the kidneys. Results Before contrast agentadministration, R2 * values in outer medulla in both sides of kidney [R2 *left oM = (31.76 ± 2.73 ) / s,R2 * right OM = (32.77±3.07) /s] were higher than those in cortex [R2 * left c=(30.20±3.48) /s,R2 * right c = (28.84 ±3.11 )/s] and in inner medulla [ R2 * letf IM = (29.54 ± 2.42) /s, R2 * right IM =(28.37±2.80) /s ] ( F = 3.357 and 14.961, P＜ 0.05 ). There was no statistical significance in R2 *values in the three parts between left and right kidney, including cortex, outer and inner medulla (P＞0.05). After contrast agent administration, R2* values in outer medulla changed obviously, which reached to the peak values at 20 minutes after contrast agent administration [R2* left OM = ( 43.57 ± 3.84 )/s,R2*right OM= (44.58±3.13) /s] and dropped from 24 hours [R2*left OM = (42.07 ±4.82) /s,R2* right OM = (42.89±3.40) /s]. R2* values in inner medulla and cortex only presented slight changes.Conclusion R2* values reflected the changes of oxygen content in renal cortex and medulla quantitatively,which helped for detecting medullar ischemia and hypoxia. BOLD MR imaging could offer a feasible method for evaluating oxygen metabolism and renal injury in cortex and medulla.