BACKGREOUND: The sympathetic investigations during thoracic sympathectomy are essential to an adequate sympathectomy that will lead to sufficient and lasting relief of palmar hyperhidrosis. The measurement of palmar skin temperature has been used as an indicator of success of transcutaneous chemical thoracic sympathectomy. We measured intraoperative palmar skin temperature to know whether it can be used as a same purpose in the endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy under general anesthsia. METHODS: Fifteen patients (18 to 25 years old) with palmar hyperhidrosis underwent endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy under general anesthesia. The palmar skin temperature was measured with a skin probe of a thermometer applied on the both index finger tips. The palmar skin temperature was monitored continuously from the beginning of anesthesia to the complete arousal. RESULTS: The palmar skin temperature increased significantly by about 3 degrees C just after induction. There was no significant difference in the palmar skin temperature between just before sympathectomy and soon after sympathectomy during the endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative measurement of palmar skin temperature can not indicate a definite sympathectic denervation during the endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy under general anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arousal ; Denervation ; Fingers ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis* ; Skin Temperature* ; Skin* ; Sympathectomy* ; Thermometers

BACKGROUND: Antituberculous therapy is set a short-term therpy used isoniazid(INH), rifampin(RFP), ethambutol(EMB), pyrazinamide(PZA) from 1970s' and treatment rate has been very improved. But drug interruption or irregular medication due to side effects and resistance of drug are serious problem to retreatment cases, specially. Ofloxasine(OFX), developed from Quinolone at 1980's is effective not only other respiratory infectious disease but also pulmonary tube rculosis. And this is useful drug instead of injection agents for retreatment patients who have side effects to other drugs, lived far distance from medical clinics. So, we will evaluate theffectiveness as four oral drags involving OFX. METHOD: A retrospective study was made through the regular follow up of smear positive cases,who treated by four drag, namely, prothionamide (PTA) cycloserine(CS), OFX, paraminosalicylic acid(PAS). RESULTS: 1) Out of 66case with positive sputum AFB smear, 42(64%)cases achieved the negative conversion. 2) Considering the negative conversion in all group, 34 case (52%) of sputum conversion occured within first 6 months, on the extent of diease was minimal, moderate, far advavanced pulmonary tuberculosis, sputum AFB smear negative response to treatment was 100%, 78% , 46% respectively. 3) The roentgenological improvement occured in 38(58%), extent of diease was minimal, moderately, far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, Roentgenological improvement to retreatment was 75%, 64%, 46%. 4) When the duration of patients illness was less than 1 year, 1 to 3 years, 3 to 5 years and more than 5 years, sputum AFB smear negative response to retreatment was 100%, 88%, 80%, 52%. 5) On side effects, major problems are gastrointestinal troubles, mild liver function abnormality, psychotic problemes, and skin problem(urticaria, itching sensation). CONCLUSION: The duration & extents of patients illness was shorter & minimal, sputum AFB smear negative response rate was better. Radiologic response is better as shorter duration and minimal extent of diease. But, as diease is longer duration & far advanced, sputum negative conversion & Roentgenological improvement is poor and limited. The adverse reaction was mainly observed gastrointestinal troubles(indigestion, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and are well controled by symptomatic management in most patients, as regard to tolerance to the secondary drugs.
Abdominal Pain ; Aminosalicylic Acid* ; Communicable Diseases ; Cycloserine* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Nausea ; Prothionamide ; Pruritus ; Retreatment* ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Antituberculous therapy is set a short-term therpy used isoniazid(INH), rifampin(RFP), ethambutol(EMB), pyrazinamide(PZA) from 1970s' and treatment rate has been very improved. But drug interruption or irregular medication due to side effects and resistance of drug are serious problem to retreatment cases, specially. Ofloxasine(OFX), developed from Quinolone at 1980's is effective not only other respiratory infectious disease but also pulmonary tube rculosis. And this is useful drug instead of injection agents for retreatment patients who have side effects to other drugs, lived far distance from medical clinics. So, we will evaluate theffectiveness as four oral drags involving OFX. METHOD: A retrospective study was made through the regular follow up of smear positive cases,who treated by four drag, namely, prothionamide (PTA) cycloserine(CS), OFX, paraminosalicylic acid(PAS). RESULTS: 1) Out of 66case with positive sputum AFB smear, 42(64%)cases achieved the negative conversion. 2) Considering the negative conversion in all group, 34 case (52%) of sputum conversion occured within first 6 months, on the extent of diease was minimal, moderate, far advavanced pulmonary tuberculosis, sputum AFB smear negative response to treatment was 100%, 78% , 46% respectively. 3) The roentgenological improvement occured in 38(58%), extent of diease was minimal, moderately, far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, Roentgenological improvement to retreatment was 75%, 64%, 46%. 4) When the duration of patients illness was less than 1 year, 1 to 3 years, 3 to 5 years and more than 5 years, sputum AFB smear negative response to retreatment was 100%, 88%, 80%, 52%. 5) On side effects, major problems are gastrointestinal troubles, mild liver function abnormality, psychotic problemes, and skin problem(urticaria, itching sensation). CONCLUSION: The duration & extents of patients illness was shorter & minimal, sputum AFB smear negative response rate was better. Radiologic response is better as shorter duration and minimal extent of diease. But, as diease is longer duration & far advanced, sputum negative conversion & Roentgenological improvement is poor and limited. The adverse reaction was mainly observed gastrointestinal troubles(indigestion, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and are well controled by symptomatic management in most patients, as regard to tolerance to the secondary drugs.
Abdominal Pain ; Aminosalicylic Acid* ; Communicable Diseases ; Cycloserine* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Nausea ; Prothionamide ; Pruritus ; Retreatment* ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Vomiting

Cervical cordotomy via anterior approach without bone graft which is a modified Cloward's method is an effective and simple means of relieving of intractable pain with minimal destruction of bone lower morbidity and mortality. This method consists of an anterior surgical approach to the ventral surface of the cervical cord through a simple discectomy. A transverse incision in the dura mater gives excellent exposure permitting incision of the spinothalamic tracts under direct vision. For bilateral pain both incision are made at the same level of the cord without causing impairment of motor function of the lower extremities or bowel and bladder. This procedure has also many advantages and disavantages as follows ; 1. Cervical cordotomy by the this procedure has a much lower morbidity and fewer complications than the conventional procedure by laminectomy. 2. A more complete section of the spinothalamic tract is possible under direct vision. 3. A differential section of the tract with sparing of sensation in non-painful areas is possible by this procedure. 4. An incidence of the cord trauma can be minimized because the incision is possible without distorsion and traction of the cord during the operation. 5. This procedure without bone graft is simpler than original Cloward's method. 6. An water-tight closure of the dura is difficult but successful results are obtained by using a gelfoam. 7. This procedure above the level of the C3-4 interspace is difficult but possible. 8. A relief of pain below the level of the T3 dermatome is available and there is no good operative candidate when the brachial plexus is involved.
Brachial Plexus ; Cordotomy* ; Diskectomy ; Dura Mater ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Incidence ; Laminectomy ; Lower Extremity ; Mortality ; Pain, Intractable ; Sensation ; Spinothalamic Tracts ; Traction ; Transplants* ; Urinary Bladder

The authors experienced on the use of bovine bone in 3 cases of interbody fusion employing the Cloward technique. Two patients were cervical fracture-dislocation and one patient was a case of lumbar spondylolysis. With use of bovine bone, iliac osteotomy is unnecessary, and this procedure is no problem of donor site pain and infection which can be possible in interbody fusion with iliac bone and rib graft. With the use of bovine bone the additional advantages are. 1) The operative procedure is simplified. 2) The time required for the operation is diminished. 3) Patient meralgia is eliminated completely. 4) The surgeon can have uniformly sized bones of a proven hardness on hand. 5) The epidural bleeding is showed through lattice of bovine bone.
Hand ; Hardness ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Osteotomy ; Ribs ; Spondylolysis ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

The mean values of the height, depth and lateral shifting of the spinous processes and the height of the intervertebral disc spaces of 100 patients were measured in the lumbar region. The application of microsurgical techniques in the operation for lumbar disc herniation clearly reduced the overall surgical trauma suffered by patient, but the spinous process might disturb the insertional course and multidirectional activities of the pituitary forceps due to a very small skin incision. The purpose of this study was to prove the relationships between intervertebral disc space and spinous process in the lumbar region. The results were as follows; 1) The height of the intervertebral disc space from L3-4 to L5-S1 intervertebral disc space was 12.63mm, 12.57mm and 11.71mm respectively. 2) The depth of the spinous process from L3 to L5 was 28.87mm, 27.87mm and 23.97mm respectively. 3) The lateral shifting of the spinous process from midline to the right side was 4.39mm, 4.35mm and 4.01mm at L3, L4 and L5 spinous process respectively and to the left side was 3.61mm, 3.70mm and 3.69mm at L3, L4 and L5 spinous process respectively. Conclusively, the lower part of the spinous process was overlapped above the intervertebral disc space at L3-4, L4-5 and L5-S1 intervertebral disc space. About 4mm of the lateral shifting of the spinous process was protruded to both right and left side in the insertional course(about 2-3cm) of the pituitary forceps. The spinous process might disturb the multidirectional activities and perpendicular insertion of the pituitary forceps. So, the removal of the spinous process to the midline was recommended to perform the complete removal of disc materials in microlumbar discectomy.
Diskectomy ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Lumbosacral Region ; Skin ; Surgical Instruments

No abstract available.
Lung Diseases, Interstitial* ; Sjogren's Syndrome*

We analysed ultrasonic findings of 54 brain scan cases(45 cases were performed through the anterior fontanelle and the temporoparietal thin bone and 9 through the surgical bone defect) and comparison of these pictures with those obtained in the same patients by CT scan showed prominent correlation. Ultrasonography was more sensitive to different histologic features and provided a more accurate depiction of the neuropathologic characteristics in most of cases. We conclude that ultrasonography of the brain was proven to be quite useful in the screening and follow up of neonates and infants under 15 months of age, and as a follow up method in post operative patients. It was also more accurate than CT scan in cases of abscesses and cystic lesions.
Abscess ; Brain* ; Cranial Fontanelles ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography

The authors operated 127 cases of the spontaneous intracerebral hematoma patients who were admitted via the emergency room during the recent two years. The location, timing of operation, method of approach, mortality etc. were analyzed. The results are as follows : 1) putaminal hemorrhage was 47.3%, thalamic hemorrhage was 23.6%, subcortical hemorrhage was 18.9%, cerebellar hemorrhage was 3.9%, pontine hemorrhage was 1.6%, and IVH only was 4.7%. 2) 77.2% was operated during the first 48 hours from the onset. 3) Almost all of the procedures were transcortical and trans-sylvian approach. 4) The mortality rate was 52.0%. 5) Microsurgical technique and external ventricular drainage(or ventriculoperitoneal shunt) played an important role for the good surgical outcome.
Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mortality ; Putaminal Hemorrhage ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Spinal cystcercosis is extremely rare. But recently was have experienced cervical intramedullary solitary huge cyst, which was confirmed as intramedullary cysticercosis pathologically. Neurological deficits were left hemiparesis, hypoesthesia on the left lower extremity, hyperactive muscle stretch reflex and voiding and defecation difficulty, in spite of its huge size and surgical removal was easy as compared with other intramedullary tumor. There was no adjacent granuloma, granulomatous tissue, not combined with intracranial cysticercosis. Following surgery the patient's symptom were cleared up.
Bone Cysts* ; Cysticercosis* ; Defecation ; Granuloma ; Hypesthesia ; Lower Extremity ; Paresis ; Reflex, Stretch