Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a slow growing malignant tumour of olfactory neuro-epithelium that is locally aggressive with a tendency to recur years later.Infrequently, it can be associated with paraneoplastic syndrome. Here, we a report a pediatric case of ENB in whom syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) was detected during ongoing primary treatment which reflected disease progression after initial response to chemotherapy, that was substantiated radiologically. SIADH has been reported in only a few cases of ENB.

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a slow growing malignant tumour of olfactory neuro-epithelium that is locally aggressive with a tendency to recur years later.Infrequently, it can be associated with paraneoplastic syndrome. Here, we a report a pediatric case of ENB in whom syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) was detected during ongoing primary treatment which reflected disease progression after initial response to chemotherapy, that was substantiated radiologically. SIADH has been reported in only a few cases of ENB.

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a slow growing malignant tumour of olfactory neuro-epithelium that is locally aggressive with a tendency to recur years later.Infrequently, it can be associated with paraneoplastic syndrome. Here, we a report a pediatric case of ENB in whom syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) was detected during ongoing primary treatment which reflected disease progression after initial response to chemotherapy, that was substantiated radiologically. SIADH has been reported in only a few cases of ENB.

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a slow growing malignant tumour of olfactory neuro-epithelium that is locally aggressive with a tendency to recur years later.Infrequently, it can be associated with paraneoplastic syndrome. Here, we a report a pediatric case of ENB in whom syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) was detected during ongoing primary treatment which reflected disease progression after initial response to chemotherapy, that was substantiated radiologically. SIADH has been reported in only a few cases of ENB.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to show the intraocular pressure (IOP) distribution and the factors affecting IOP in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in India. METHODS: We measured the anthropometric and biochemical parameters for confirmed type 2 DM patients. A comprehensive ocular examination was performed for 1377 subjects aged > 40 years and residing in Chennai. RESULTS: A significant difference in IOP (mean +/- standard deviation) was found between men and women (14.6+/-2.9 and 15.0+/-2.8 mmHg, p = 0.005). A significantly elevated IOP was observed among smokers, subjects with systemic hypertension and women with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). After a univariate analysis, factors associated significantly with higher IOP were elevated systolic blood pressure, elevated resting pulse rate and thicker central corneal thickness (CCT). In women, elevated glycosylated hemoglobin was associated with a higher IOP. After adjusting for all variables, the elevated resting pulse rate and CCT were found to be associated with a higher IOP. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic hypertension, smoking, pulse rate and CCT were associated with elevated intraocular pressure in type 2 DM. Women with type 2 DM, especially those with CSME, were more prone to have an elevated IOP.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Cornea/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/*physiopathology ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications ; India ; Intraocular Pressure/*physiology ; Macular Edema/complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Smoking

INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to compare the effects of the two most commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics, olanzapine and risperidone, on fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profile of the recipients.

METHODSA randomised, comparative, open clinical study was conducted on 60 schizophrenic patients. The patients were divided into two groups, one receiving olanzapine and the other receiving risperidone. The patients were assessed for changes in fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profile (triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL] and total cholesterol) eight weeks after starting treatment. The number of patients positive for fasting blood sugar and lipid profile criteria of metabolic syndrome was calculated by applying the modified National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines (NCEP ATP III) criteria at eight weeks.

RESULTSPatients treated with olanzapine showed a highly significant increase in the observed parameters, whereas those treated with risperidone showed a significant increase in fasting blood sugar, HDL and LDL levels, and a highly significant increase in other parameters. Intergroup comparison was insignificant except for TG, VLDL and total cholesterol levels. More men as compared to women fulfilled the NCEP ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome in both groups.

CONCLUSIONOlanzapine has a higher propensity to cause derangement of some parameters of lipid profile than risperidone. These parameters include TG, VLDL and total cholesterol levels.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzodiazepines ; pharmacology ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; drug effects ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, VLDL ; drug effects ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risperidone ; pharmacology ; Schizophrenia ; blood ; drug therapy ; Triglycerides ; blood

The present research aimed to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of curcumin using the potential of liquisolid technology. Twelve drug-loaded liquisolid systems (LS-1 to LS-12) were prepared using different vehicles (PEG 200, PEG 400 and Tween 80) and curcumin concentrations in vehicle (40%, 50%, 60% and 70%,/). The carrier [microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) PH102] to coat (Aerosil) ratio was 20 in all formulations. The systems were screened for pre-compression properties before being compressed to liquisolid tablets (LT-1 to LT-12). Post compression tests anddissolution of LTs were conducted and the results compared with those obtained for a directly compressed tablet (DCT) made of curcumin, MCC PH102 and Aerosil. LTs exhibited higher cumulative drug release (CDR) than the DCT and the optimum formulation, LT-9 (made using Tween 80), was studied by powder XRD, DSC, SEM and FTIR.permeation of curcumin from LT-9 through goat gastrointestinal mucosa was significantly (<0.05) enhanced and its oral bioavailability was increased 18.6-fold in New Zealand rabbits.cytotoxicity (IC) of LT-9 towards NCL 87 cancer cells was 40.2 µmol/L substantiating its anticancer efficacy. Accelerated stability studies revealed insignificant effects of temperature and humidity on LT-9. In summary, solubility enhancement of curcumin in LTs produced significant improvements in its permeation and bioavailability.

PURPOSE: To evaluate a customized, portable Farnsworth-Munsell 100 (FM 100) hue viewing booth for compliance with colour vision testing standards and to compare it with room illumination in subjects with normal colour vision (trichromats), subjects with acquired colour vision defects (secondary to diabetes mellitus), and subjects with congenital colour vision defects (dichromats). METHODS: Discrete wavelengths of the tube in the customized booth were measured using a spectrometer using the normal incident method and were compared with the spectral distribution of sunlight. Forty-eight subjects were recruited for the study and were divided into 3 groups: Group 1, Normal Trichromats (30 eyes); Group 2, Congenital Colour Vision Defects (16 eyes); and Group 3, Diabetes Mellitus (20 eyes). The FM 100 hue test performance was compared using two illumination conditions, booth illumination and room illumination. RESULTS: Total error scores of the classical method in Group 2 as mean+/-SD for room and booth illumination was 243.05+/-85.96 and 149.85+/-54.50 respectively (p=0.0001). Group 2 demonstrated lesser correlation (r=0.50, 0.55), lesser reliability (Cronbach's alpha, 0.625, 0.662) and greater variability (Bland & Altman value, 10.5) in total error scores for the classical method and the moment of inertia method between the two illumination conditions when compared to the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The customized booth demonstrated illumination meeting CIE standards. The total error scores were overestimated by the classical and moment of inertia methods in all groups for room illumination compared with booth illumination, however overestimation was more significant in the diabetes group.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Color Perception Tests/*instrumentation/*methods/standards ; Color Vision Defects/congenital/*diagnosis/etiology ; Diabetes Complications ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; *Lighting ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Acquired bilateral pulmonary artery stenosis in adults due to lung malignancy is infrequently reported. We describe an adult male who presented to us with chief complaints of dyspnea on exertion and one episode of hemoptysis. Two dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with color Doppler showed presence of an extra cardiac mass causing severe extrinsic compression of both the right and left pulmonary artery leading to high pressure severe tricuspid regurgitation and extension of the mass into the left atrium. Three dimensional transthoracic echocardiography clearly delineated the anatomy of the left atrial mass and its surrounding anatomical relationship. The diagnosis of non small cell lung carcinoma was confirmed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and with MDCT guided biopsy with histopathology. Patient succumbed one month later due to an episode of massive hemoptysis.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea* ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; Heart Atria ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung* ; Male ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

OBJECTIVE: To compare the contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-FLAIR), the CE T1-weighted (CE-T1W) sequence with fat suppression (FS) and magnetization transfer (MT) for early detection and characterization of infectious meningitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients and 10 control subjects were evaluated with the CE-FLAIR and the CE-T1W sequences with FS and MT. Qualitative assessment was done by two observers for presence and grading of abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement. Quantitative assessment included computation of net meningeal enhancement, using single pixel signal intensity software. A newly devised FLAIR based scoring system, based on certain imaging features including ventricular dilatation, ependymal enhancement, infarcts and subdural effusions was used to indicate the etiology. Data were analysed using the Student's t test, Cohen's Kappa coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient, the intraclass correlation coefficient, one way analysis of variance, and Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction as the post hoc test. RESULTS: The CE-FLAIR sequence demonstrated a better sensitivity (100%), diagnostic accuracy (95%), and a stronger correlation with the cerebrospinal fluid, total leukocyte count (r = 0.75), protein (r = 0.77), adenosine deaminase (r = 0.81) and blood glucose (r = -0.6) values compared to the CE-T1W sequences. Qualitative grades and quantitative meningeal enhancement on the CE-FLAIR sequence were also significantly greater than those on the other sequences. The FLAIR based scoring system yielded a diagnostic accuracy of 91.6% and a sensitivity of 96%. A strong inverse Pearson's correlation (r = -0.95) was found between the assigned score and patient's Glasgow Coma Scale at the time of admission. CONCLUSION: The CE-FLAIR sequence is better suited for evaluating infectious meningitis and could be included as a part of the routine MR imaging protocol.
Adenosine Deaminase ; Blood Glucose ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Dilatation ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis*