A sensitive electroanalytical method for quantification of pheniramine in pharmaceutical formulation has been investigated on the basis of the enhanced electrochemical response at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate.The experimental results suggest that the phcniramine in anionic surfactant solution exhibits electrocatalytic effect resulting in a marked enhancement of the peak current response.Peak current response is linearly dependent on the concentration of pheniramine in the range 200-1500 μg/mL with correlation coefficient 0.9987.The limit of detection is 58.31 μg/m L.The modified electrode shows good sensitivity and repeatability.

Electrochemical reduction behavior of Adefovir was studied using Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (HMDE) in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer solution.Voltammetric study showed one well-defined reduction peak in the potential range -1.2 to -1.4 V (vs.Ag/AgCl) due to reduction of C=N bond of the imidazole ring.Solid-phase extraction and protein-precipitation techniques were employed for extraction of Adefovir from human plasma.The proposed method allows quantification of Adefovir in human plasma over the concentration range 0.50-5.00 μg/mL with the detection limit 0.17 μg/mL,whereas in pharmaceutical formulation 0.25-2.25 μg/mL with the detection limit 0.08 μg/mL.

PURPOSE: Chronic testicular pain remains an important challenge for urologists. At present there are many treatment modalities available for chronic orchialgia. Some patients remain in pain despite a conservative treatment. Microsurgical denervation of spermatic cord appears to be successful in relieving pain in patients who fail conservative management. We assessed the long-term efficacy, complications and patient perceptions of microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord in the treatment of chronic orchialgia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from January 2007 to January 2016 which included men with testicular pain of >3 months duration, failure of conservative management, persistent of pain for >3 months after treating the underlying cause. Total 48 patients with 62 testicular units (14 bilateral) showed the response to spermatic cord block and underwent Microsurgical Denervation of Spermatic Cord. RESULTS: Out of 62 testicular units (14 bilateral) which were operated, complete 2 years follow-up data were available for 38 testicular units. Out of these 38 units, 31 units (81.57%) had complete pain relief, 4 units (10.52%) had partial pain, and 3 units (7.89%) were non-responders. Complications were superficial wound infection in 3 units (4.83%), hydrocele in 2 units (3.22%), subcutaneous seroma in 2 units (3.22%), and an incisional hematoma in 1unit (1.61%) out of 62 operated testicular units. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic chronic orchialgia remains a difficult condition to manage. If surgery is considered, microsurgical denervation of spermatic cord should be considered as a first surgical approach to get rid of pain and sparing the testicle.
Chronic Pain ; Denervation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Pain Management ; Prospective Studies ; Scrotum ; Seroma ; Spermatic Cord* ; Testis ; Wound Infection

Outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella (P.) multocida have been known to be protective immunogens. Pasteurella lipoprotein E (PlpE) has been reported to be an important cross reactive outer membrane protein in P. multocida. The gene encoding the PlpE of P. multocida serotypes A: 3, B: 2 and D: 1 was amplified from the genomic DNA. The amplified products were cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. Sequence analysis of the recombinant clones revealed a single open reading frame of 1,011 bp, 1,008 bp and 1,017 bp encoding a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 37.829 kDa, 37.389 kDa and 37.965 kDa for serotypes A: 3, B: 2 and D: 1 respectively. The comparison of the plpE sequence in different capsular types revealed a high degree (>90%) of homology. Furthermore, the plpE gene of Haemorhhagic septicaemia causing serotype (B: 2) was expressed in E. coli and recombinant PlpE was strongly immunostained by antiserum against whole cell antigen, indicating that the protein is expressed in vivo.
Animals ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Western ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*microbiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli ; *Genetic Variation ; Hemorrhagic Septicemia/microbiology/*veterinary ; India ; Lipoproteins/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Pasteurella multocida/*genetics/immunology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology ; Serotyping ; Species Specificity

Ten patients with gastric scarring and an outlet obstruction secondary to ingestion of corrosive substances were referred to our department for surgical management, between May 1999 and April 2003. Hydrochloric acid was the most common corrosive ingested (4 cases), although many were not aware of the nature of the ingested substance. An associated esophageal stricture was present in 5 cases (50%). All the patients initially underwent feeding jejunostomy, with definitive surgery performed at a later date. A partial gastrectomy was found to be the most satisfactory procedure, and was performed in 90% of the cases (9 patients).
Adult ; *Caustics ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction/*chemically induced/*surgery ; Human ; Jejunostomy ; Male ; Middle Aged

Background: Morphological diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is usually based on lymph node biopsy. Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is important for staging, and morphology alone can be challenging for subtyping. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) allows a more precise diagnosis and characterization of NHL using monoclonal antibodies. However, there is a need for a minimal panel that can provide maximum information at an affordable cost. Methods: All newly diagnosed cases of B-cell NHL with bone marrow infiltration between 2017 and 2019 were included. BMB was the primary procedure for diagnosing B-cell NHL. Subtyping of lymphomas was performed by immunophenotyping using a panel of monoclonal antibodies on IHC. The primary diagnostic panel of antibodies for B-cell NHL included CD19, CD20, CD79, CD5, CD23, CD10, Kappa, and Lambda. The extended panel of antibodies for further subtyping included CD30, CD45, CD56, Cyclin D1, BCL2, and BCL6. Results: All cases of B-cell NHL were classified into the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-CLL groups based on morphology and primary IHC panel. In the CLL group, the most significant findings were CD5 expression, CD23 expression, dim CD79 expression, and weak surface immunoglobulin (Ig) positivity. In the non-CLL group, they were CD5 expression, positive or negative CD23 expression, strong CD79 expression, and strong surface Ig expression. An extended panel was used for further subtyping of non-CLL cases, which comprised CD10, Cyclin D1, BCL2, and BCL6. Conclusion We propose a two-tier approach for immunophenotypic analysis of newly diagnosed B-cell NHL cases with a minimum primary panel including CD5, CD23, CD79, Kappa, and Lambda for differentiation into CLLon-CLL group and Kappa and Lambda for clonality assessment. An extended panel may be used wherever required for further subtyping of non-CLL.

Background: Nitrous oxide has been an integral part of surgical anesthesia for many years in the developed world and is still used in developing countries such as India. The other main concerns in low-resource countries are the lack of an advanced anesthesia gas-scavenging system and modular surgical theatres. As a greenhouse gas that has been present in the atmosphere for more than 100 years and damages the ozone layer, nitrous oxide is three times worse than sevoflurane. Here, we conducted an observational study to quantify the annual nitrous oxide consumption and its environmental impact in terms of carbon dioxide equivalence in one of busiest tertiary health care and research centers in Northern India. Methods: Data related to nitrous oxide expenditure’ from the operation theatre and manifold complex of our tertiary care hospital and research center from 2018 to 2021 were collected monthly and analyzed. The outcomes were extracted from our observational study, which was approved by our institutional ethics board (INT/IEC/2017/1372 Dated 25.11.2017) and registered prospectively under the Central Registry (CTRI/2018/07/014745 Dated 05.07.2018). Results: The annual nitrous oxide consumption in our tertiary care hospital was 22,081.00, 22,904.00, 17,456.00, and 18,392.00 m 3 (cubic meters) in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. This indicates that the environmental impact of nitrous oxide (in terms of CO2 equivalents) from our hospital in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 was 13,016.64, 13,287.82, 10,289.94, and 10,841.24 tons, respectively. Conclusion This huge amount of nitrous oxide splurge is no longer a matter of laughter, and serious efforts should be made at every central and peripheral health center level to reduce it.

Isolated metastatic deposits of papillary thyroid carcinoma to the parapharyngeal space are rare. Herein, we describe the case of a young woman who presented with a right-sided oropharyngeal mass that was initially diagnosed as a parapharyngeal space paraganglioma. The patient opted for conservative treatment as she was asymptomatic and wished to avoid the risk of neurovascular morbidity associated with surgery. After 20 years, the patient sought treatment again for the oropharyngeal mass, which had progressively increased in size and was causing difficulty in swallowing. Repeat imaging of the affected area revealed that the mass had increased significantly in size; it also revealed the presence of a previously absent small lesion in the right lobe of the thyroid. Excision of the parapharyngeal space tumour and near-total thyroidectomy were performed; the excised specimens showed features of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. As papillary thyroid carcinoma that metastasises to the parapharyngeal space can masquerade as a paraganglioma, clinicians should bear in mind that an isolated metastatic deposit in the parapharyngeal space could be the first sign of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Adult ; Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraganglioma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Whole Body Imaging

·AIM:To study the pattern of mechanical ocular injuries in patients visiting a rural referral center.·METHODS:The study was conducted in the department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College ( RPGMC ) , Kangra ( Himachal Pradesh ) for a period of 12mo from 1st Jan 2013-31st Dec 2013 which included data collection, data organization, presentation, data analysis and data interpretation followed by a period of follow up extending to a period of 1mo. A total of 200 patients were studied which included all patients of mechanical ocular injuries that visited our department either directly or were referred from other public or private institutions during the study period. It was a prospective study in which all the patients were interviewed with the aid of a questionnaire and underwent a detailed ocular examination. The injuries were classified according to the international ocular trauma classification into open globe and closed globe injuries. The injuries of the lid and adnexa and the cranial nerve palsies were considered as separate entities and data analysis was done with MS Excel 2007 worksheet using the Epi info7 software.·RESULTS: A total of 21,710 patients attended the out-patient department( OPD) during the study period out of which 200 patients were of mechanical ocular trauma which formed 0. 921% of the total OPD attendance. The patients ranged in age from 1-80y with a mean age and standard deviation of 33. 12 ± 20. 48y. In those patients 151 patients ( 75. 5%) were males and 49 ( 24. 5%) were females. The male to female ratio was 3:1. Out of the 200 patients studied, 100 were injured at home, 19 in the playground, 29 had occupational injuries, 38 were injured in road side accidents, 10 were injured due to assault, 3 at school and 1 patient was injured during a stampede that occurred in a religious camp. The visual acuity at presentation was upto 6/12 in 47%, <6/12 to 6/36 in 13. 5%, <6/36-1/60 in 6%, <1/60 to PL ( perceive light ) positive in 22% and PL negative in 4 % patients. In 7. 5 %patients the visual acuity could not be assessed on the Snellen's chart. Most of the patients had closed globe injuries (54. 5%) followed by involvement of the lid and adnexa (23%). And 19. 5% had open globe injuries and 3% had involvement of the cranial nerves.· CONCLUSION: Ocular injuries are common and preventable causes of monocular blindness.

AIMTo determine if Yq microdeletion frequency and loci of deletion are similar in two tissues (blood and sperm) of different embryological origin.

METHODSThe present study included 52 infertile oligozoospermic cases. In each case, DNA was isolated from blood and sperms and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microdeletion analysis was done from genomic DNA isolated from both the tissues. The PCR products were analyzed on a 1.8% agarose gel. PCR amplifications found to be negative were repeated at least three times to confirm the deletion of a given marker.

RESULTSOnly 1 case harbored microdeletion in blood DNA, whereas 4 cases harbored microdeletion in sperm DNA.

CONCLUSIONThe frequency of Yq microdeletions is higher in germ cells as compared to blood. As the majority of infertile couples opt for assisted reproduction procreation techniques (ART), Yq microdeletion screening from germ cells is important to understand the genetic basis of infertility, to provide comprehensive counseling and most adapted therapeutics to the infertile couple.

Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; DNA ; blood ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Deletion ; Spermatozoa ; physiology