1.Characterization of Methyl and Ethyl Esters of Amino-Acids as Corneal Permeation Enhancers
Rajan Ethiraj Ugandar ; Voleti Vijay Kumar ; C.Madhusudhana Chetty ; Dinesh Kumar Sharma ; Kiran C Nilugal ; Sandeep Poddar
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2021;17(No.1):97-100
Introduction: Amino acids are important role-playing components in the maintenance of the normal functions of
parts of eye like retina and conjunctiva. In the current study the methyl and ethyl esters of amino acids such as lysine,
phenyl alanine and valine were used to enhance the corneal permeation of ketorolac tromethamine. Methods: The
amino-acid esters were coupled with the drug ketorolac tromethamine to obtain the test products and were characterized by various analytical techniques. The characterized test products were used to formulate the test ophthalmic
solutions of Ketorolac tromethamine such as KPD-1, KPD-1A, KPD-2, KPD-2A, KPD-3 and KPD-3A with methyl
and ethyl esters of corresponding amino-acids. These test products were subjected percentage corneal hydration
and to permeation studies by using Franz diffusion cell mounted with freshly isolated goat cornea. Results: All the
test results were compared with those of the standard Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution and observed
that all the test solutions have exhibited less percentage corneal hydration and enhanced corneal permeation of ketorolac tromethamine. Conclusion: From all the results it can be concluded that the NonsteroidalAnti-Inflammatory
Ketorolac has enhanced trans-corneal permeation and reduced corneal hydration when formulated with amino acid
transporters by the pro-drug approach in ophthalmic solutions as the formulated pro-drugs have revealed high vitreal
drug concentration.