The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diosmin in diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats.

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the petroleum ether extract of root of Buteamonosperma B. monosperma was studied against Staphylococcus faecalis (S. faecalis), Sterptococcus faecalis (S. faecalis), Aeromonas hydrophilia (A. hydrophilia), Salmonela typhae (S. typhae), Stphylococcus cohni (S. cohni), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Serratia ficaria (S. ficaria) by using well diffusion method. Results: Petroleum ether extract of root of B. monosperma exhibited a prominent inhibitory effect against bacterial strains. Conclusion: From the result it can be concluded that the B. monosperma extract has potent in vitro antibacterial activity. (B. monosperma). Method: In vitro antibacterial activity of petroleum ether i.e.

PURPOSE: To establish the strength of the association between routine tear function tests and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) and to determine whether they simulate the morphological and cytological changes that occur on the ocular surface in dry eye. What are the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of these tests when CIC is considered the gold standard? METHODS: The tear film profile included tear film break up time (TBUT), Schirmer's-1, Rose Bengal scores (RBS), and impression cytology. CIC samples were obtained from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and counter stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: The mean Schirmer's value was 11.66 +/- 5.90 in patients and 17.17 +/- 2.97 in controls (p < 0.001). The mean TBUT in participants was 8.88 +/- 3.54 and 13.53 +/- 2.12 in controls (p < 0.001). Patients had a mean goblet cell density (GCD) of 490 +/- 213, while the value for controls was 1,462 +/- 661 (p < 0.001). Abnormal CIC was observed in 46.7% cases of dry eye and in 32.8% of controls. The correlation coefficient (L) for Schirmer's was 0.2 and 0.24 for participants and controls, respectively, while TBUT values were 0.26 and 0.38, RBS were 0.5 and 0.5, and GCD was 0.8 and 0.6 in cases and controls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: GCD, RBS, and TBUT were better predictors of morphological and cytological changes in the conjunctiva than Schirmer's in dry eye syndrome. The sensitivity of tear function tests in diagnosing dry eye was TBUT > Schirmer's > RBS, and the specificity was Schirmer's > TBUT > RBS in decreasing order when CIC was considered the gold standard.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Conjunctiva/pathology ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/*standards ; Dry Eye Syndromes/*diagnosis/*pathology ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS)/diagnostic use ; Female ; Goblet Cells/pathology ; Hematoxylin/diagnostic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmology/*standards ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction/standards ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Rose Bengal/diagnostic use ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Tears ; Young Adult

It is difficult to take intraoral radiographs in some patients who are intolerable to place the film in their mouth. For these patients, Newman and Friedman recommended a new technique of extraoral film placement. Here we report various cases that diagnostic imaging was performed in patients using the extraoral periapical technique. This technique was used to obtain the radiographs for the patients with severe gag reflex, pediatric dental patients, and patients with restricted mouth opening. This technique can be recommended as an alternative to conventional intraoral periapical technique in cases where intraoral film placement is difficult to achieve.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Mouth ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Radiography, Dental ; Reflex ; Technology, Radiologic

No abstract available.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Ribavirin

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is an aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusions and is associated with high risk of local recurrence and poor prognosis. Herein, we present a young, non-smoking male who presented with complaints of cough and dyspnoea and was found to harbor a large right lower lobe lung mass. Biopsy showed a high-grade epithelioid to rhabdoid tumor with ALK and desmin protein expression. The patient initially received 5 cycles of crizotinib and remained stable for 1 year; however, he then developed multiple bony metastases, for which complete surgical resection was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of EIMS, with ALK gene rearrangement demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Postoperatively, the patient is asymptomatic with stable metastatic disease on crizotinib and has been started on palliative radiotherapy. EIMS is a very rare subtype of IMT that needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of ALKexpressing lung malignancies in young adults.

An 18-year-old man born with aphallia had undergone phallic reconstruction in childhood followed by total urethral reconstruction with a buccal mucosal graft and groin-based pedicle (Singapore) flap urethroplasty at 13 years of age. The patient presented with obstructive voiding symptoms lasting 6 months followed by acute urinary retention. The results of a voiding cystourethrogram showed a filling defect in the distal urethra that had been reconstructed by use of the skin flap. On urethroscopy, a 3 cmx2 cm sized tricholithobezoar was seen in the distal urethra. Pneumatic lithotripsy followed by bulbar urethrolithotomy was performed in the same operation to extract the bezoar. The remaining hairs were mechanically epilated. The patient has been doing well for 6 months of follow-up.
Bezoars ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hair ; Hair Removal ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Skin ; Transplants ; Urethra ; Urinary Retention

Dentigerous cysts are the most common developmental cysts of the jaws, most frequently associated with impacted mandibular third molar teeth. Dentigerous cysts around supernumerary teeth, however, account for 5% of all dentigerous cysts, with most developing around a mesiodens in the anterior maxilla. This report describes two cases of a dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted mesiodens. Both of the patients complained of swelling in the maxillary anterior region. Radiographic examination revealed an impacted mesiodens surrounded by a large corticated radiolucency in both cases. A provisional diagnosis of infected odontogenic cyst was made. The cysts were enucleated with the removal of the mesiodens in the two cases. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of infected dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted mesiodens in both cases. The patients remained asymptomatic, and no complications were noted.
Dentigerous Cyst ; Humans ; Jaw ; Maxilla ; Molar, Third ; Odontogenic Cysts ; Tooth ; Tooth, Impacted ; Tooth, Supernumerary

PURPOSE: Celiac disease is a common non-communicable disease with varied presentations. Purpose of this study was to find the duodeno-endoscopic features in celiac disease and to compare duodeno-endoscopic and histological findings between typical and atypical celiac disease in children. METHODS: Hospital based observational study was conducted at Sir Padampat Mother and Child Health Institute, Jaipur from June 2015 to May 2016. Patients were selected and divided in two groups- typical and atypical celiac disease based upon the presenting symptoms. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and duodenal biopsy was performed for serology positive patients. Results were analysed using appropriate statistical test of significance. RESULTS: Out of 101 enrolled patients, 47.5% were male. Age ranged from 1 to 18 years. Study showed that 54.5% were typical and 45.5% were atypical. Patients presenting with atypical symptoms were predominantly of older age group. On endoscopy, scalloping, mosaic pattern, reduced fold height and absent fold height; and in histology, advanced Marsh stage were significantly higher in the typical group. CONCLUSION: Awareness of atypical presentations as well as duodeno-endoscopic features may have considerable practical importance for the diagnosis of celiac disease in children. Scalloping, mosaic pattern, reduced fold height and nodularity are main endoscopic markers of celiac disease in children. Endoscopic markers of duodenal mucosa may be important in early diagnosis of celiac disease, in children subjected to endoscopy for atypical presentations or indication other than suspected celiac disease.
Biopsy ; Celiac Disease* ; Child Health ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Mucous Membrane ; Observational Study ; Pectinidae ; Wetlands

BACKGROUND: Brennan’s rodent paw incision model has been extensively used for understanding mechanisms underlying postoperative pain in humans. However, alterations of physiological parameters like blood pressure and heart rate, or even feeding and drinking patterns after the incision have not been documented as yet. Moreover, though eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes contribute to inflammation, tissue levels of these inflammatory mediators have never been studied. This work further investigates the antinociceptive effect of protein C after intra-wound administration. METHODS: Separate groups of Sprague–Dawley rats were used for quantitation of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and leukotriene B4 level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as estimation of cardiovascular parameters and feeding and drinking behavior after paw incision. In the next part, rats were subjected to incision and 10 μg of protein C was locally administered by a micropipette. Both evoked and non-evoked pain parameters were then estimated. RESULTS: COX, particularly COX-2 activity and leukotriene B4 levels increased after incision. Hemodynamic parameters were normal. Feeding and drinking were affected on days 1 and 3, and on day 1, respectively. Protein C attenuated non-evoked pain behavior alone up to day 2. CONCLUSIONS: Based upon current observations, Brennan’s rodent paw incision model appears to exhibit a prolonged period of nociception similar to that after surgery, with minimal interference of physiological parameters. Protein C, which is likely converted to activated protein C in the wound, attenuated the guarding score, which probably represents pain at rest after surgery in humans.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Drinking ; Drinking Behavior ; Eicosanoids ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukotriene B4 ; Leukotrienes ; Nociception ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Prostaglandins ; Protein C ; Rats ; Rodentia ; Wounds and Injuries