It is necessary to understand the age-related growth and development of the human prostate gland because that it was almostly advanced benign prostatic hyperplasia which was the pathologic conditions associated with age and its symptoms tend to be progressive. But there is only a limited information of the natural history of the disease By ultrasonography, we made a study of the changes in prostate with age, the time that initiating benign prostatic hyperplasia and the degree of progression of the disease. The echo pattern, of diameter of the prostate of the maximum anterior-posterior (A-P), superior-inferior(S-I), and transverse(Tr.) were measured in 185 cases from the 20 years to over 80 years of age. The weight of prostate was calculated using formula(W=4/3rr3 X SG, W; weight, SG; specific gravity about 1.05mg/ml, r; radius of prostate in any dimension). The result were as followings. The average prostatic-length were 2.57+/-0.52cm in A-P diameter, 3.44+/-0.35cm in S-I diameter and 4.lO+/-0.02cm in Tr. diameter respectively In the pathologic B.P.H.. the diameter of A-P, S-I and Tr. were 3.72+/-0.35cm, 3.85+/-0.27cm and 4.73+/-0.28cm respectively. The average weight of prostate(gm., mean- S.D.) were 19.16+/-0.35gm in normal adults and 34.43+/-0.47gm in B.P.H. As the age-related events (years), the initial onset of B.P.H. was suspicious in the 5th decades, age that half male population will have pathologic B.P.H. was 62+/-7 years. The average age of onset of clinical symptoms was 63+/-5 years and the average for surgery was 66+/-5 years also.
Adult ; Age of Onset ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Male ; Natural History ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Radius ; Specific Gravity ; Ultrasonography*

A benign periosteal reaction, which can occur after trauma or stress, has a solid and uninterrupted appearance on radiography. In contrast, an aggressive periosteal reaction, which may indicate a malignancy, appears as a Codman's triangle or with a spiculated and sunburst pattern. In the present case, an 11-year-old boy with a previous injury to the distal radial growth plate presented with diffuse osteolysis on the distal radial metaphysis and decreased opacity of the lateral side cortex on plain radiograph. A Codman's triangle-like lesion was seen on the lateral side of the distal radius, and a few spicules were observed on the medial side of the distal radius. A T2-weighted coronal magnetic resonance image revealed a mass that had stripped the periosteum; the mass had heterogeneous signal intensity and a fl uid-fluid level on axial views. The margins of the mass were unclear, but enhanced. Suspecting a primary malignancy, we performed a biopsy. The pathology revealed that the mass was a simple hematoma.
Biopsy ; Child ; Growth Plate ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Osteolysis ; Periosteum ; Radius

Growth and development evaluation of patients with growth potential is of great importance for orthodontic treatment planning. Timing of orthodontic intervention greatly depends on one`s developmental status, thus if there is a difference in skeletal maturation among malocclusion types different treatment timing should be applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare skeletal maturation among different malocclusion types. The samples used in this study was 38 ClassI. 36 ClassII and 33 ClassIII females aging from 8 to 10 years. Handwrist X-rays were taken with 6 month interval till 12-13 years of age. The results were as follows. 1. There was no skeletal maturity difference among different malocclusion types. 2. The hamular process of hamate was observed at 9.16+/-0.72 years, pisiform bone at 9.13+/-0.71 years and the ulnar sesamoid at 10.34+/-0.84 years. 3. The timing of epiphyseal capping on the third finger was 10.96+/-0.80 years for distal phalanx and 11.27+/-0.87 years for middle phalanx, 11.12+/-0.86 years for proximal phalanx of the first finger, 11.21+/-0.82 years for radius and 11.62+/-0.85 years for middle phalanx of the fifth finger. 4. The appearance of pisiform bone showed high correlation with appearance of hamular process of hamate(r=0.91), and ulnar sesamoid bone appearance showed high correlation with advanced ossification of hamular process(r=0.86). Timing of epiphyseal capping among different parts showed high correlation(r=0.80-0.90). 5. The shape of middle phalanx of the fifth finger showed the highest variability (20.6%).
Aging ; Female ; Fingers ; Growth and Development ; Hand* ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Malocclusion* ; Pisiform Bone ; Radius ; Sesamoid Bones ; Wrist*

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of basic-fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the xenograft for radial bone defect in adult rats. Twenty adult Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 250g were divided into two groups; bFGF group (10 rats, 20 radiuses) and non-bFGF group (10 rats, 20 radiuses). A segmental bone defect measuring 5mm in length was made at both radiuses 10mm proximal to the wrist joint. The defect was filled with xenograft (Lubboc) measuring 3x3x5 mm in size. The xenograft was treated with 400 ng/ml bFGF (recombinant human basic-fibroblast growth factor ) mixed with liquid collagen (Vitrogen 100) in the bFGF group, but with collagen alone in the non- bFGF group. At 6 and 12 weeks after the treatment, the radiuses were harvested and examined histologically and the area of the remained xenograft not replaced by host bone was measured by image analysis system (VIDAS) on mid-sagittal section. The new bone formation and maturation from the differentiation of osteoblast was more remarkable in the bFGF group than in the non-bFGF group. At the time of 6 and 12 weeks after the treatment, the mean of the remained xenograft area was significantly smaller in the bFGF (9.16+/-0.49mm2, 6.20+/-0.30mm2) than in the non-bFGF group (12.16+/-0.59mm2, 10.07+/-0.48mm2) (P<0.001). In comparison with the areas of new bone replacemet area between 6 week and 12 week groups, sigificant and remarkable new bone replacement area could be achieved in the bFGF group than in the non-bFGF group (P<0.05). From these results, it is suggested that bFGF might increase the replacement of xenograft by new host bone and accelerate the healing process for the segmental bone defect of the radius in adult rats.
Adult ; Animals ; Collagen ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Radius ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Wrist Joint

OBJECTIVE: To realize the automated assessment of the levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna by support vector machine (SVM). METHODS: The X-ray films of the left wrist joints were taken from 140 teenagers aged from 11 to 19 years old as training samples. The levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna were divided into five developmental levels. Each level contained 28 samples. Another 35 cases were selected as independent verifying samples. SVM classification models of the five developmental levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna were established. The internal cross validation was made by leave one out cross validation (LOOCV), while the external validation was made by histogram of oriented gradient (HOG), and then the accuracy (PA) of testing results was calculated, respectively. RESULTS: The PA of SVM, LOOCV and HOG of distal radius epiphyseal level were 100%, 78.6%, and 82.8%, respectively; whereas the PA of SVM, LOOCV and HOG of distal ulna epiphyseal level were 100.0%, 80.0% and 88.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The SVM-based automatic models of the growth stage of distal ra- dius and ulna appear to have certain feasibility, and may provide a foundation for software development of bone age assessment by forensic medicine.
Adolescent ; Bone Development/physiology* ; Child ; Epiphyses/growth & development* ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Male ; Radius/growth & development* ; Support Vector Machine ; Ulna/growth & development* ; Wrist/growth & development* ; Wrist Joint/growth & development* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and anti-VEGF on the expression of fracture healing-related factors and observe pathological changes at fractured sites.

METHODSFracture models were established in 105 New Zealand white rabbits and they were randomly divided into control group, VEGF group and anti-VEGF group. The relevant factors expression at fractured sites was assayed and pathological changes were observed in decalcified samples at 8, 24, 72 hours and 1,3,5,8 weeks after fracture.

RESULTSAfter application of VEGF, the expression of BMP appeared earlier and expression time lasted longer. On the contrary, anti-VEGF completely inhibited the expression of BMP. The fractured sites were filled with fibrous callus, cartilaginous callus and bony callus at the 3rd week and woven bone was constructed at the 5th week. Fracture healing was accomplished at the 8th week in VEGF group. In anti-VEGF polyclonal antibody group, cellular necrosis increased at early period. Continuous focal necrosis was seen in the fractured sites from the 1st week to 5th week. Vascularization reduced obviously at the 3rd week.

CONCLUSIONSFracture healing is a result of mutual regulation and coordination among many factors. VEGF may be an important factor in fracture healing.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Fracture Healing ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Radius Fractures ; physiopathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; physiology

Animals ; Blood Platelets ; physiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Osteogenesis ; Platelet Count ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; analysis ; Rabbits ; Radiography ; Radius ; diagnostic imaging ; ultrastructure ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; blood

Segmental long bone defects due to infection or trauma is a difficult problem to manage in patients. We studied the effect of porcine bone morphogenetic protein (pBMP) on healing of defects in the rabbit radius. Porcine BMP was separated and purified from the tibia and femur of pigs by repeated solubilization and precipitation of the protein with different concentrations of urea and GuHCl. The osteoinductive activity of pBMP was confirmed by bioassay using No. 615 mice. In rabbits, about a 15 mm length of radii were removed and 20 mg of pBMP was implanted in the defected area with fibrin sealant (FS), while only FS was implanted in controls. Union of the affected area was observed in 6 weeks in the experimental side. There was no definite evidence of bone bridging across the affected area in the controls. This suggests that pBMP has a bone forming activity in other species and the clinical use of pBMP in treating patients with segmental bone defects is promising.
Animal ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Osteogenesis/*drug effects ; Proteins/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Radius/drug effects/pathology/radiography ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Swine

These studies sought to evaluate the promoting effect of the exterior bFGF on membrane guided bone regeneration (MGBR). Animal models of MGBR covered with PDLLA membrane tube in bilateral radii were established in 40 New Zealand white rabbits. The membrane tubes on the left side were filled with bFGF 40 microg/100 microl and those on the contralateral side were filled with 100 microl 0.9% NaCl solution as control. The specimens were collected at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively. General observation, X-ray, histological grading and HE staining,and biomechanical examination were applied to studies on the repair of the models of MGBR in the two groups. Two weeks after operation, a sealed room was formed between the two bone fragments where the soft tissues covered the membrane tube. Twelve weeks after operation, PDLLA membrane became fragile and its tube shape was being maintained. Histologically, in the bFGF group numerous newly formed bone trabeculae were seen at 2 weeks after operation the radial defects had healed and the bone reconstruction and remodling had begun by the 12th week. The histological image analysis showed that the values of mean diameter and the area of new bone trabeculae in the bFGF group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) at 2 weeks and 4 weeks; however, there were no significant differences in these aspects between the two groups (P>0.05) at 8 and 12 weeks. The strength of the newly formed bone in the bFGF group was higher than that in the control group at 12 weeks postoperatively (P<0.05). Therefore, the authors concluded that bFGF could promote the new bone formation and biomechanical strength in the MGBR model.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Regeneration ; drug effects ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Lactic Acid ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; Rabbits ; Radius ; injuries ; pathology

A 1q21.1 microdeletion is an extremely rare chromosomal abnormality that results in phenotypic diversity and incomplete penetrance. Patients with a 1q21.1 microdeletion exhibit neurological-psychiatric problems, microcephaly, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, cataract, and thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome. We reported a neonate with confirmed intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), micrognathia, glossoptosis, upper airway obstruction, facial dysmorphism, and eye abnormality at birth as well as developmental delay at the age of 1 year. These clinical manifestations, except for the IUGR and upper airway obstruction, in the neonate indicated a 1q21.1 microdeletion. Here, we report a rare case of a 1q21.1 microdeletion obtained via paternal inheritance in a newborn with upper airway obstruction caused by glossoptosis and tracheal stenosis.
Airway Obstruction* ; Cataract ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Deletion ; Epilepsy ; Eye Abnormalities ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Glossoptosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Microarray Analysis ; Microcephaly ; Micrognathism ; Parturition ; Penetrance ; Radius ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tracheal Stenosis ; Wills