No abstract available.
Radiopharmaceuticals*

No abstract available.
Radiopharmaceuticals*

No abstract available.
Radiopharmaceuticals*

No abstract available.
Radiopharmaceuticals*

No abstract available.
Cell Proliferation* ; Radiopharmaceuticals*

Regulation for the radiopharmaceuticals should be reasonably different from that of other drugs. Radiopharmaceuticals are always used by compounding based on the doctor's order, have short half life and very low administration dose. Its pharmacological effect is not from its chemical effect but from radiation. The background for exploratory IND (Investigational New Drug) explained by the FDA was to reduce the time and resources expended on candidate products that are unlikely to suceed, new tools are needed to distinguish earlier in the process those candidates that hold promise from those that do not. In this review, basic concept for exploratory IND and RDRC guideline is summarized and various suggestions for improving and expediting procedure for new radiopharmaceutical development would be described.
Half-Life ; Korea* ; Radiopharmaceuticals

There is considerable interest in 188Re due to its favorable properties as a therapeutic radionuclide. 188Re and 99mTc act as a matched pair because of their similar chemical properties, and therefore methods of labeling with 99mTc can be applied to the labeling with 188Re. With appropriately chosen agents as carriers of 188Re, the labeling can be readily carried out using 188ReO4- in the presence of a reducing agent. 188Re radio pharmaceuticals based on 99mTc complexes have been synthesized and are currently being studied for clinical use. Some of them are shown to be suitable for therapeutic use and promising for radiotherapy in nuclear medicine.
Nuclear Medicine ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Radiotherapy

In clinical practice, radiopharmaceutical dynamic imaging technology requires the bolus injection method to complete injection. Due to the failure rate and radiation damage of manual injection, even experienced technicians still bear a lot of psychological burden. This study combined the advantages and disadvantages of various manual injection modes to develop the radiopharmaceutical bolus injector, and explored the application of automatic injection in the field of bolus injection from four aspects: radiation protection, occlusion response, sterility of injection process and effect of bolus injection. Compared with the current mainstream manual injection method, the bolus manufactured by the radiopharmaceutical bolus injector based on the automatic hemostasis method had a narrower full width at half maximum and better repeatability. At the same time, radiopharmaceutical bolus injector had reduced the radiation dose of the technician's palm by 98.8%, and ensured more efficient vein occlusion recognition performance and sterility of the entire injection process. The radiopharmaceutical bolus injector based on automatic hemostasis has application potential in improving the effect and repeatability of bolus injection.
Radiopharmaceuticals ; Injections ; Hand

Radiopharmaceutical dynamic imaging typically necessitates intravenous injection via the bolus method. However, manual bolus injection carries the risk of handling errors as well as radiological injuries. Hence, there is potential for automated injection devices to replace manual injection methods. In this study, the effect of micro-bolus pulse injection technology was compared and verified by radioactive experiments using a programmable injection pump, and the overall bubble recognition experiment and rat tail vein simulation injection verification were performed using the piezoelectric sensor preloading method. The results showed that at the same injection peak speed, the effective flushing volume of micro-bolus pulse flushing (about 83 μL/pulse) was 49.65% lower than that of uniform injection and 25.77% lower than that of manual flushing. In order to avoid the dilution effect of long pipe on the volume of liquid, the use of piezoelectric sensor for sealing preloading detection could accurately predict the bubbles of more than 100 μL in the syringe. In the simulated injection experiment of rat tail vein, when the needle was placed in different tissues by preloading 100 μL normal saline, the piezoelectric sensor fed back a large difference in pressure attenuation rate within one second, which was 2.78% in muscle, 17.28% in subcutaneous and 54.71% in vein. Micro-bolus pulse injection method and piezoelectric sensor sealing preloading method have application potential in improving the safety of radiopharmaceutical automatic bolus injection.
Animals ; Rats ; Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage*

Currently, dissection of the axillary or regional lymph nodes is considered the standard staging procedure in breast cancer. However, accumulating evidence is becoming available that the sentinel node concept may provide the same or even better staging information. In the case of melanoma, it is proven that the histoiogical characteristics of the sentinel node reflect the histological characteristics of the distal part of the lymphatic basin. Morbidity can be reduced significantly by the use of sentinel node dissection as several authors have reported successful introduction of this technique into clinical practice. But in breast cancer patients, there are signigicant differences in practice relating to the technology, such as radiopharmaceuticals, injection sites, volume of injectate, combination with vital blue dye, preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, etc. Valuable reports on these topics appeared in recent journals. This review is a summary of those reports for nuclear physicians interested in sentinel node detection by lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphoscintigraphy ; Melanoma ; Radiopharmaceuticals