To investigate a new kind of tumor tracer 99mTc-YIGSR developed from a five amino structure (YIGSR) of the Laminin -chain, which can bind to the laminin receptors of tumor specifically, and radiolabeled with MAG3. (1) Preparation of the 99mTc-YIGSR probe: with S-Acetly-NH3-MAG3 as the chelator and with proper reductants YIGSR was labeled with 99mTc; (2) Cell culture and viability measurement: EAC was maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with calf serum; the trypan blue exclusion was applied to calculate the cell viability; (3) Study of the cell dynamic: The EAC's uptake of 99mTc-YIGSR and 99mTc-MIBI was observed at 37 degrees C and 22 degrees C, respectively. (1) The labeling efficiencies of 99mTc-YIGSR and 99mTc-MIBI were (62 +/- 3)% and (96 +/- 2)%, respectively; (2) The cell viability was declined with time of incubation; (3) At 37 degrees C, the EAC'S uptake of 99mTc-YIGSR and 99mTc-MIBI reached the peak of (43.16 +/- 2.4) % and (24.4 +/- 1.8) % at 60 min, respectively; and at 22 degrees C, the highest uptake was (26.5 +/- 2.1) % and (9.47 +/- 1.9) % at 60 min, respectively. The in vitro study suggests that 99mTc-YIGSR is superior to 99mTc-MIBI in cell uptake and has potential value in tumor imaging.
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/*radionuclide imaging ; Laminin ; Oligopeptides ; Radiopharmaceuticals/diagnostic use ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*pharmacokinetics ; Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide/diagnostic use ; Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide/*pharmacokinetics ; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi/diagnostic use ; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi/*pharmacokinetics ; Tissue Distribution

Soft tissue uptake of Tc-99m labeled bone seeking agents, such as Tc-99m 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanedicarboxylic acid (DPD), is commonly seen in clinical practice, even though bone scintigraphy is mainly used to detect bone disease. However, gastric uptake of bone agents in patients with gastric cancer is very rare. And it has been reported that calcified gastric adenocarcinoma appears in only about 5% of all gastric cancer. We report a rare case of bone scintigraphy, single photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography fusion images that demonstrated diffuse gastric uptake of Tc-99m DPD in a patient with advanced gastric cancer.
Stomach Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Stomach/*metabolism ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*pharmacokinetics ; Organotechnetium Compounds/diagnostic use/*pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Humans ; Diphosphonates/diagnostic use/*pharmacokinetics ; Bone and Bones/*radionuclide imaging ; Aged

Rotor syndrome is a rare, benign familial disorder characterized by chronic fluctuating, nonhemolytic and predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with normal hepatic histology. In contrast to Dubin-Johnson syndrome, there is no liver pigmentation in Rotor syndrome. A 36-year-old man was admitted due to asymptomatic persistent jaundice. His siblings had jaundice with direct hyperbilirubinemia. Physical examination revealed icteric sclerae without hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings showed increased serum bilirubin with direct bilirubinmia. Hepatic uptake and storage capacity of indocyanine green was markedly reduced, while excretion into bile was slightly suppressed. Markedly decreased hepatic uptake and poor visualization of the gallbladder and biliary tract were shown in 99mTc-DISIDA scan. Histology of the liver showed mild steatosis without pigmentation. We report a case with the review of literature.
Adult ; Coloring Agents/*diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary/diagnosis/genetics/radionuclide imaging ; Indocyanine Green/*diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics ; Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic/*diagnosis/radionuclide imaging ; Liver/radionuclide imaging ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*diagnostic use ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin/*diagnostic use

We present an interesting case of incidental diffuse fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake at PET in her left breast, related to atypical breastfeeding practice. Clinically, differential diagnoses of diffuse intense FDG uptake in unilateral breast include advanced breast cancer, breast lymphoma and inflammatory condition. However, normal physiologic lactation may also show increased FDG uptake in the breasts. Therefore, if we encounter that finding in daily practice, we should question the patient regarding unilateral breastfeeding. In addition, mammography and ultrasound would be helpful to confirm the diagnosis.
Adult ; Breast/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Breast Feeding/*methods ; Breast Neoplasms/radionuclide imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/diagnostic use/*pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Lactation/metabolism ; Lymphoma/radionuclide imaging ; Mammography ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals/diagnostic use/*pharmacokinetics ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

OBJECTIVETo evaluate if 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V may be used to detect the early chemotherapeutic effect and to determine the best timing for detecting apoptosis in vivo.

METHODSAnnexin V was labeled with 99mTc using HYNIC as a bifunctional agent. Normal Kunming mice received inoculation of Ehrlich ascites cells into the right upper limb. After the tumor reached 1 cm in diameter, the mice were randomly divided into saline treatment group as control and cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally) treatment group. 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V was injected intravenously at 1 h and 24 h after treatment. Region of interest technique (ROI) from the SPECT images taken at different time was used to get the ratio of tumor/limb in each group. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic cells and the rates of positive stained cells were calculated.

RESULTSAfter treatment with saline, only little amount of the radiolabeled tracer could be seen in the tumor and showed weak image of the tumor. But after 24 h of treatment with cyclophosphamide, clear image on the tumor could be seen. 24 h after the treatment of cyclophosphamide, the ratio of tumor/limb was (6.27 +/- 0.24) which was much higher than that at 24 h after treatment with saline (2.36 +/- 0.18) and that at 1 h after cyclophosphamide treatment (4.00 +/- 0.38). At 24 h after cyclophosphamide treatment, TUNEL staining showed a significantly higher rate of apoptotic cells in the mice.

CONCLUSION99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V can be used as an apoptosis-imaging agent to detect and evaluate the early curative effect after chemotherapy. The effective detection of apoptotic response in tumor with 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V requires a 24 h interval after chemotherapy. SPECT images can be obtained at 60 min after injection of the imaging agent. It suggests that 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V may become a promising agent for apoptosis-imaging in clinical application.

Animals ; Annexin A5 ; pharmacokinetics ; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; pharmacokinetics ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; pharmacokinetics ; Random Allocation ; Tissue Distribution ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT is an important whole-body imaging tool in the oncology and widely utilized to stage and restage various malignancies. The findings of significant focal accumulation of FDG in the lung parenchyma in the absence of corresponding CT abnormalities are related to the lung microembolism and known as hot-clot artifacts. Herein we present two cases with focal FDG uptake in the lung parenchyma with no structural lesions on the CT scan and discuss the possible mechanisms.
*Artifacts ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*administration & dosage/diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Lung/metabolism/radiography/*radionuclide imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multimodal Imaging/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography/*methods ; Pulmonary Embolism/radiography/*radionuclide imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*administration & dosage/diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Young Adult

The radiologic appearance of multiple discrete pulmonary nodules in immunocompetent patients, with cryptococcal infection, has been rarely described. We describe a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis, presenting with bilaterally and randomly distributed nodules on a computed tomography, mimicking hematogeneous metastases. Positron emission tomography does not demonstrate 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, suggesting a low probability for malignancy, which is a crucial piece of information for clinicians when making a management decision. We find the absence of FDG uptake correlates with the pathologic finding of an infectious nodule, composed of fibrosis and necrosis.
Cryptococcosis/metabolism/*radionuclide imaging ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Immunocompetence ; Lung Diseases, Fungal/metabolism/*radionuclide imaging ; Lung Neoplasms/radionuclide imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multimodal Imaging/*methods ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/radionuclide imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography/*methods ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the clinical significance of incidental diffuse thyroid uptake (DTU) on 18F-FDG PET in subjects without a history of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 2062 studies from adults who underwent 18F-FDG PET as a cancer screening program. Subjects were divided into the following two groups: with (group I) or without (group II) DTU. The presence of DTU and the thyroid visual grading score were compared with thyroid function tests, serum anti-microsomal antibody (AMA) levels, and the presence of diffuse parenchymal change (DPC) on ultrasonography (USG). RESULTS: DTU was found in 6.6% of the scans (137/2062). Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and AMA levels were significantly higher in group I than in group II. Increased AMA level (55.1%) and DPC (48.7%) were more frequently found in group I (p < 0.001). The proportion of subjects with any abnormal results in serum free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TSH, or AMA levels or DPC on USG was significantly higher in group I than in group II (71.5% vs. 10.6%, p < 0.001), and was significantly and gradually increased according to the visual grading score group (0 vs. 1-2 vs. 3-4 = 10.6% vs. 58.5% vs. 90.9%, p < 0.001). TSH and is AMA levels were significantly increased according to the visual grading score. CONCLUSION: The presence or degree of incidental DTU on 18F-FDG PET is closely correlated with increased serum AMA and TSH levels, and the presence of DPC on USG. Therefore, the most plausible pathological cause of DTU may be cell damage by an autoimmune mechanism.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies/blood ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; *Incidental Findings ; Male ; Microsomes/immunology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland/metabolism/*radionuclide imaging/ultrasonography ; Thyrotropin/blood ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT for assessment of therapeutic response and prediction of patient outcome after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSForty six patients with histologically proven stage III NSCLC had two repeated (18)F-FDG PET-CT scans either one week before therapy and at the dose of 40 ∼ 50 Gy. The SUV(max) and changes of the two groups were compared with (1) the therapeutic response and (2) treatment results and long-term survival.

RESULTSOf the 46 eligible cases, the pretreatment SUV(max) of the responding and non-responding groups was 7.59 ± 3.14 and 14.72 ± 4.67, respectively. The midtreatment SUV(max) of the two groups was 2.89 ± 1.39 and 9.82 ± 3.31, respectively. Significant difference(t = 4.74, P = 0.001;t = 7.23, P = 0.001) in SUV(max) was observed both before and during treatment. Furthermore, the percentage change of pretreatment and midtreatment SUV(max) was ΔSUV(max) = 61.9% ± 8.7% and ΔSUV(max) = 33.6% ± 9.0%, also with a significant difference between the two groups (t = 2.83, P = 0.007). In addition, the 1-year survival rate of the the responding and non-responding groups was 68.0% and 38.1%, respectively. The 2-year survival rate of the two groups was 64.0% and 33.3%, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.043, P = 0.038).

CONCLUSION(18)F-FDG PET-CT is highly effective in detecting therapeutic response in stage III NSCLC patients. The analysis of percentage change of SUV(max) provides incremental value in early prediction of therapeutic response and patient outcome.

Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prognosis ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; pharmacokinetics ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vinblastine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives