No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Radioisotope Renography*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Radioisotope Renography*

This study was performed to investigate the proper method for evaluating renal function in miniature pigs with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Experimental unilateral renal damage was induced after ligation of unilateral right ureter in 3 miniature pigs. On the 3rd post-operative day, scintigraphic images were obtained after 12 mCi of 99mTc-diethylentriamene pertaacetate (DTPA) intravenous injection. Renography showed that radiopharmaceutical uptakes in the right kidney were lower than those of left kidney uptakes as early as at 3 days after surgical operation. The static images of 99mTc-DTPA enabled us to measure the relative renal function in miniature pigs with unilateral ureteral obstruction. In conclusion, renography using 99mTc-DTPA was the useful diagnostic method to evaluate the renal function in miniature pigs.
Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney ; Ligation ; Radioisotope Renography ; Swine ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction

Experimental hydronephrosis in rabbit induced by ureteral ligation a been studied on its development and recovery angiographically. Intrarenal arteries were perfused with 7.5% barium sulfate under pressure from 60mm. to 180mm. Hg over a period of 15-20 minutes after various periods of uretera1 ligation or after release of obstruction and angiographic results were as follows: l. Ligation of ureter for 3 to 7 days maintains almost normal intrarenal vascular architecture though the size of the kidney increases. Deligation restores completely normal vascularity within one Week. 2. Ligation for 1l to 2l days causes irregular pattern of vascular distribution. Restoration begins at one week, significant restoration occurs at two weeks but no complete recovery at three weeks. 3. Ligation for 30 to 60 days looses intrarenal vascular architecture. Restoration seems to begin at two weeks. No complete recovery is observed at three weeks. 4. Size of hydronephrosis and severity of intrarenal vascular changes do not correlate. 5. Intravenous pyelography and radioisotope renography are not very suitable to reveal detailed information on development and recovery process of hydronephrosis.
Arteries ; Barium Sulfate ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Radioisotope Renography ; Ureter* ; Urography

PURPOSE: Although ultrasonography and diuretic renography are routinely performed for evaluation of ureteropelvic junction obstruction, no reported studies have systemically investigated the correlation of the two methods. We investigated the correlation and values of the two methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 44 patients who presented with unilateral hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction from 1994 to 1999. Patients were evaluated with ultrasound and nuclear renograms with furosemide. Hydronephrosis grade on ultrasonography and the severity of obstruction on diuretic renography were in accordance with the SFU (Society for Fetal Urology) system and "The Well Tempered Renogram", respectively. RESULTS: 27 patients showed grade III hydronephrosis and the remaining 17 patients showed grade IV hydronephrosis on ultrasonography. Kidneys of grade IV hydronephrosis had poorer washout patterns on diuretic renography than those of grade III hydronephrosis (p <0.001). In regard of mean split renal function ratios, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (p >0.05). In 37.0% (10/27) and 47.1% (8/17) of patients with grade III and grade IV hydronephrosis, hydronephrotic kidney had a differential function greater than 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that diuretic renography is not always indicated in the patients with grade IV hydronephrosis, but, must be performed to confirm the severity of obstruction in the patients with grade III hydronephrosis.
Furosemide ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant* ; Kidney ; Radioisotope Renography* ; Ultrasonography*

Since 1954. radioisotope renography has been performed as a useful kidney function test in the urological field The author using Hypaque-I which has no liver interference, performed radioisotope renography on 25 cases, in which 10 cases of normal, 5 cases of obstructive uropathy, 7 cases of renal dysfunction, 1 case of acute glomerulonephritis and 2 cases of hypertensive uropathy were included In the normal cases, the Hypaque-I renogram has 3 typical segments, namely vascular segment, functional segment and evacuation phase. The vascular segment begins 8~20 seconds after a rapid intravenous injection of Hypaque-I, lasting 30-40 seconds and occurs the functional segment. The functional segment is completed within 3~10 minuets, having a peak And then, the evacuation phase appears, inclining down rapidly. In the renogram of obstructive uropathy, the vascular and functional segments are almost normal together, but the evacuation phase is either prolonged or increased In the renogram of renal dysfunction, the vascular segment is not only reduced, but also the functional segment is low and the evacuation phase shows a dull inclining curve. In the renogram of acute glomerulonephritis, shows no changes of each segment. The renogram of hypertensive uropathy represents the remarkably lower vascular and functional segments and evacuation phase than those of renal dysfunction. The Hypaque-I renogram has many practical advantage, offering rapid and immediate results, being easily performed, being non-traumatic and innocuous, making each kidney to be tested separately, being able to be repeated frequently, and being free from any preparation and anesthesia of patients.
Anesthesia ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver ; Radioisotope Renography

It is well recognized that dilation of upper urinary tract can occur in the absence of either reflux or mechanical obstruction. The demonstration of the cause of upper urinary tract dilation may critically alter the management of a patient. So several diagnostic methods were designed to demonstrate it, but their clinical application were not satisfactory due to inaccuracy, invasiveness and technical difficulty. Diuresis renography has recently been introduced as a method of evaluating upper urinary tract dilation found on intravenous urography. It is a simple, rapid, non invasive test which has enable to define the cause. 23 cases which have equivocal upper urinary tract dilation on intravenous urography were examined by diuresis renography in the Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, during the period from October 1980 to March 1982 and three differential categories were obtained as follows. 1. Normal type (9 cases): Both standard and diuresis renograms were normal. 2. Obstructive type (3 cases): Initial renogram was obstructive and remained so during diuresis. 3 cases in this category were confirmed by operation and follow-up intravenous urography. 3. Atonic type (11 cases): Initial renogram tracing was obstructive but rapid isotope elimination occurred after diuresis.
Diuresis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Radioisotope Renography* ; Urinary Tract* ; Urography ; Urology

PURPOSE: We report on the standards for determining the obstructive type and the non-obstructive type of primary non-refluxing megaureter, and we also report on the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for such patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 28 children diagnosed with primary non-refluxing megaureter from Jan 2000 to Feb 2003. We assessed the changes in hydronephrosis and dilated ureteral diameter at 2 and 6 months after surgery (the surgery group) and on the diagnosed 'wait and see' group. RESULTS: Out of 28 children, 14 children underwent ureteroneocystostomy. The mean diameter of the dilated ureter was decreased significantly from 20.3mm at initial presentation to 9.3mm and 3.4mm at 2 and 6 months, respectively, after surgery in the surgery group (p=0.0063, 0.0027), and from 21.1mm to 6.7mm and 4.8mm at 2 and 6 months, respectively, after diagnosis in the 'wait and see' group (p=0.0247, 0.0154). The mean grade of hydronephrosis was decreased significantly from 3.6 to 2.7 and 2.13, respectively, in the surgery group (p=0.0044, 0.0003), and from 2.35 to 1.53 and 1.12, respectively, in the 'wait and see' group (p=0.0026, 0.0006). However, the difference in the percentage of decrease in the mean ureteral diameter and the grade of hydronephrosis compared to the values at the initial presentation was not significant between the two groups (p=0.4168, 0.8999). When diuretic renography (DRG) was done in the surgery group, only 15 ureters (20%) showed an obstructive pattern with T1/2 above 20 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The discrimination of obstruction and non-obstruction is the most important factor for the prognosis and treatment plan of primary non-refluxing megaureter. It is possible to correctly evaluate this condition by comparison of the change in the pattern of disease through continuous, periodic evaluation and follow-up. Surgical treatment such as ureteroneocystostomy must be considered when breakthrough urinary tract infection (UTI), aggravation of hydronephrosis or marked decrease of renal function is present during conservative treatment or observation.
Child ; Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Prognosis ; Radioisotope Renography ; Replantation ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract Infections

PURPOSE: We report on the standards for determining the obstructive type and the non-obstructive type of primary non-refluxing megaureter, and we also report on the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for such patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 28 children diagnosed with primary non-refluxing megaureter from Jan 2000 to Feb 2003. We assessed the changes in hydronephrosis and dilated ureteral diameter at 2 and 6 months after surgery (the surgery group) and on the diagnosed 'wait and see' group. RESULTS: Out of 28 children, 14 children underwent ureteroneocystostomy. The mean diameter of the dilated ureter was decreased significantly from 20.3mm at initial presentation to 9.3mm and 3.4mm at 2 and 6 months, respectively, after surgery in the surgery group (p=0.0063, 0.0027), and from 21.1mm to 6.7mm and 4.8mm at 2 and 6 months, respectively, after diagnosis in the 'wait and see' group (p=0.0247, 0.0154). The mean grade of hydronephrosis was decreased significantly from 3.6 to 2.7 and 2.13, respectively, in the surgery group (p=0.0044, 0.0003), and from 2.35 to 1.53 and 1.12, respectively, in the 'wait and see' group (p=0.0026, 0.0006). However, the difference in the percentage of decrease in the mean ureteral diameter and the grade of hydronephrosis compared to the values at the initial presentation was not significant between the two groups (p=0.4168, 0.8999). When diuretic renography (DRG) was done in the surgery group, only 15 ureters (20%) showed an obstructive pattern with T1/2 above 20 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The discrimination of obstruction and non-obstruction is the most important factor for the prognosis and treatment plan of primary non-refluxing megaureter. It is possible to correctly evaluate this condition by comparison of the change in the pattern of disease through continuous, periodic evaluation and follow-up. Surgical treatment such as ureteroneocystostomy must be considered when breakthrough urinary tract infection (UTI), aggravation of hydronephrosis or marked decrease of renal function is present during conservative treatment or observation.
Child ; Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Prognosis ; Radioisotope Renography ; Replantation ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract Infections

This study was performed to evaluate the influence of the possible preoperative prognostic factors on the results of pyeloplasty and to predict the postoperative prognosis according to these factors. Of 56 cases under the age of 15 years admitted to Yonsei University Medical Center from 1979 to 1988 with the diagnosis of ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 30 cases, who could be followed up after dismembered pyeloplasty, were analyzed for the preoperative prognostic factors. The possible preoperative prognostic factors affecting postoperative results after pyeloplasty are the age at the time of surgery. the length of obstruction and the state of growth and development. But the pyuria, the urinary tract infection, the severity of hydronephrosis, the presence of extrarenal pelvis, the function and degree of obstruction of the diseased kidney on renography, the thickness of renal parenchyme and the presence of the obstruction of contralateral kidney did not affect the postoperative results after pyeloplasty.
Academic Medical Centers ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant* ; Kidney ; Pelvis ; Prognosis ; Pyuria ; Radioisotope Renography ; Urinary Tract Infections