OBJECTIVETo observe the morphological changes and the regenerating ability of the fungiform papillae and taste buds after 60Co radiation with clinical doses in rats.

METHODSThe heads, faces and necks of 30 SD rats were radiated with a large dose and one time of 60Co in the clinical radiation. The general living condition and the number and shape of the fungiform papillae and taste buds of the tongues were observed after the radiation in rats.

RESULTSIn the group of 60Co radiation, the animals had wilting, decreasing appetite, losing weight. The heads, faces and necks of animals appeared redness, peeling of hair, increasing of secretions in 5 days after the 60Co radiation. The changes reached the summit in 10 days and the general living condition of the animals recovered in 60 days. The fungiform papillae and taste buds of the animals appeared degeneration, atrophy and collapsing in 5 days after the 60Co radiation. The injuries reached the summit in 10-20 days and the fungiform papillae and taste buds regenerated partially, and the some atrophied fungiform papillae and taste buds were not regenerated in 60 days.

CONCLUSIONThe damage to fungiform papillae and taste buds of tongue following the 60Co radiation with the clinical doses was very serious. The damaged fungiform papillae and taste buds can regenerate partially, but not completely.

Animals ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Taste Buds ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Tongue ; pathology ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVE: To study the radition injury of tracheal mucous membrane tissue after interstitial implanted radioactive 125I in normal rabbit,improve the safety of clinical application. METHOD: Sixty New Zealand rabbits, weighing 2.15-2.30 kg, were randomly divided into 1 w, 1 m, 2 m, 4 m and the control group, the control group was further divided into four subgroups. The 0.8mCi 125I seeds were implanted into the tissue by the first tracheal ring in the treatment groups and nonradioactive seeds were implanted in the control group. Taking the tracheal mucous membrane tissue for pathological examination by HE staining to observe the mucosal injury and VEGF, Pan-Cadherin immunohistochemical staining to observe the expression in differernt time. RESULT: Immunohistochemical staining: VEGF and Pan-Cadherin have statistically significant differences in the expression on different time, the expression is dynamic. CONCLUSION The expression of VEGF and Pan-Cadherin reflect the radioactive 125I seed has little influence on normal trachea tissue and the damage can be repaired by the regeneration of the basal cell.
Animals ; Brachytherapy ; adverse effects ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; adverse effects ; Rabbits ; Radiation Injuries ; pathology ; Trachea ; pathology ; radiation effects

Radiation proctitis denotes the radiation damage of rectum caused by radiotherapy to pelvic malignancy. The clinical practices of radiation proctitis should be fully considered from diagnosis, treatment and prevention. In order to determine appropriate treatment strategies, the diagnosis of radiation proctitis should be based on clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings, imaging and histopathology to assess severity of symptoms and stage of disease. In terms of treatment decisions, non-surgical interventions are generally applied to relieve major symptoms and avoid serious complications. Diverting colostomy and restorative resection are the main surgical treatments for patients with recurrent symptoms. In terms of prevention, radiation proctitis should be prevented by improvement of radiotherapy technology, physical protection and prophylactic medication. This guide aims to provide guidance for the clinical practices of radiation proctitis in China.
China ; Consensus ; Humans ; Proctitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Radiation Injuries ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Rectum ; pathology ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the ultrastructural variation of the facial nerve of rabbit with different dosage of (125)I seed brachytherapy.

METHODSFifty-four big ear rabbits were divided into 3 groups randomly and given 40 Gy, 80 Gy, 120 Gy respectively. Radioactive seeds were implanted in one side of parotid gland, the other side was implanted with vacant shell as a control group. The facial nerves were obtained 2, 4, 6 months respectively after operation and the histological ultrastructural changes observed by electromicroscope.

RESULTSIn the control group, epineurium was continuous, there was slight pitting edema under the epineurium, and axonal myelin was loose. In the test groups, there was slight pitting edema under the epineurium, and axonal myelin sheath was loose at 4th month. Macrophage and regenerated fibers were found in the 80 Gy group and myelin sheath lamellar separation, regeneration of nerve in the 120 Gy dosage. The myelin sheath lamellar was separated and axonal myelin loose in the test group at 6th month. Myelin sheath amellar separation and edema under the epineurium were found in the group of 80 Gy and 120 Gy.

CONCLUSIONSThe ultrastructure of the facial nerve is damaged by the dosage of 40 Gy, 80 Gy brachytherapy with (125)I seeds. The higher dosage the nerve receives, the more serious the damage will be. Both of the epineurium and axonal myelin sheath are integral and continuous 6 months after operation with dosage of 120 Gy.

Animals ; Brachytherapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Facial Nerve ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; administration & dosage ; radiation effects ; Male ; Rabbits ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; pathology ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Renshen Yangrong Decoction (人参养荣汤, RYD) in protecting bone marrow from radiation injury.

METHODSOne hundred and eighty Kuming mice were subjected to the three tests for anti-radiation injury effect evaluation, i.e. the test of peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count, the test of bone marrow nucleated cell count, and the bone marrow micronucleus test, using 60 mice for each test. The mice in each test were divided into 6 groups: the blank control group, the model control group, the positive control group treated by Shiyiwei Shenqi Tablet (十一味参芪片, 1.0 g/kg), and three RYD groups treated with high (42.0 g/kg), moderate (21.0 g/kg), and low (10.5 g/kg) doses of crude drugs of RYD, with 10 mice in each group. The treatment was given by gastrogavage perfusion continuously for 7-14 days before mice received (60)Co-γ ray radiation and continued until the end of the experiment. The body weights of the mice were monitored, the changes in peripheral WBC and bone marrow nucleated cells were counted, and the variation in bone marrow micronucleated cells was observed on the respective appointed days.

RESULTSA significant decrease in body weight, peripheral WBC count, and bone marrow nucleated cell count, as well as marked changes in bone marrow micronucleated cells were observed in the mice after radiation, indicating that the radiation injury model was successfully established. As compared with the model control group, the decrease in body weight, peripheral WBC count, and bone marrow nucleated cell count, as well as the increase in bone marrow micronucleus cell count in the high dosage RYD treated group were obviously inhibited or lessened (P<0.05 or P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONRYD showed obvious protective effect in mice with bone marrow injury induced by radiation.

Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Bone Marrow ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Leukocyte Count ; Mice ; Radiation Injuries ; blood ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo assess the radioactive damage induced by interstitial 125I seed implantation to the rabbit urethra.

METHODSWe implanted 24 rabbits with 125I seeds 1.0 cm to the urethra at the radiation dose of 14.8 MBq (Group A), 29.6 MBq (Group B) and 44.4 MBq (Group C), while a non-radioactive seed was implanted near the urethra of the controls (Group D). Four weeks later, we detected the radiation-induced pathological and morphological changes in the urethra by H&E, light microscopy and electron microscopy.

RESULTSFour weeks after the implantation, no obvious histopathological and ultrastructural changes were observed in the urethral tissues of the experimental rabbits as compared with the control group. The scores on the radioactive damages to the urethra obtained by light microscopy were (2.20 +/- 0.18), (2.23 +/- 0.15), (2.27 +/- 0.10) and (2.10 +/- 0.17) respectively in Group A, B, C and D, with no significant differences between the first three groups and the control (P > 0.05). And the scores on the FlaMeng semi- quantitative analysis of mitochondria in the experimental groups were (1.23 +/- 0.13), (1.34 +/- 0.25) and (1.41 +/- 0.30) respectively, not significantly different from (1.12 +/- 0.13) the control (P > 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe radioactive damage induced by 125I seeds to the urethra increases with the enhanced radiation dose. Intraoperative implantation of 125I seeds at the prescription dose has no obvious adverse effect on the rabbit urethra.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; adverse effects ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rabbits ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; etiology ; pathology ; Urethra ; pathology ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of nasal mucosa fibrosis on radiation induced nasal mucosa injury.

METHODSSeventy two male rats were randomly divided into two groups, control group and irradiation injured group (radiation dose were 40 Gy); the rats were killed 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the finish of radiation. The middle turbinates of the animals were removed. The pathological change of the nasal mucosa were observed with scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, hematoxylin and eosin (HE), alcian blue-periodic acid-Schif (AB-PAS), and Masson Trichrome (MT). The Hyp content in nasal mucosa was measured with chemo-chromatometry.

RESULTSAfter radiation, the pathological characteristics in early stage (within 4 weeks) was acute inflammatory reaction. The repair of nasal mucosa started 4 weeks after radiation, lasted to 6 months. The deposition of collagen in nasal mucosa could be found 1 week after irradiation and increased gradually.

CONCLUSIONIrradiation could induce a serials of pathological changes on nasal mucosa. The nasal mucosa fibrosis may be one of the reasons of persistent irradiation induced nasal mucosa injury.

Animals ; Fibrosis ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; pathology ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: The validity of tomotherapy-based simultaneous integrated boost (TOMOSIB) was assessed in terms of acute intestinal/urinary toxicity by comparing with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) in cases of whole-pelvis radiation therapy (WPRT) for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive patients who underwent curative WPRT were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty six (68.4%) received 3DCRT and the others (31.6%) were treated with TOMOSIB. A local boost to the prostate circumferential area was added to WPRT sequentially for 3DCRT and concomitantly for TOMOSIB. The total median prostate or prostatic bed dose was 64.8 Gy including median 45.0 Gy of WPRT. Acute toxicities were assessed according to RTOG criteria. RESULTS: Overall intestinal toxicity was lower in TOMOSIB group than 3DCRT group (p=0.008). When it was divided into rectum and non-rectum intestine (NRI), TOMOSIB showed borderline superiority only in NRI toxicity (p=0.047). For the urinary toxicity, there was no significant difference between two groups (p=0.796). On dosimetric analysis for the rectum and bladder, dose delivered to 80% (p<0.001) and volume receiving 25-40 Gy (p<0.001) were remarkably higher in 3DCRT. For the NRI, only maximum dose showed significant results between two groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Intestinal toxicity should be verified with more detailed anatomic categorization such as rectum and NRI. TOMOSIB could not reduce urinary toxicity because of inevitably high dose exposure to the prostatic urethra. Current dosimetry system did not properly reflect intestinal/urinary toxicity, and suitable dosimetric guidelines are needed in TOMOSIB.
Adenocarcinoma/pathology/*radiotherapy ; Aged ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/*radiation effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis/*radiation effects ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/*radiotherapy ; Radiation Injuries ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/*adverse effects/methods ; Rectum/radiation effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder/*radiation effects

PURPOSE: The validity of tomotherapy-based simultaneous integrated boost (TOMOSIB) was assessed in terms of acute intestinal/urinary toxicity by comparing with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) in cases of whole-pelvis radiation therapy (WPRT) for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive patients who underwent curative WPRT were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty six (68.4%) received 3DCRT and the others (31.6%) were treated with TOMOSIB. A local boost to the prostate circumferential area was added to WPRT sequentially for 3DCRT and concomitantly for TOMOSIB. The total median prostate or prostatic bed dose was 64.8 Gy including median 45.0 Gy of WPRT. Acute toxicities were assessed according to RTOG criteria. RESULTS: Overall intestinal toxicity was lower in TOMOSIB group than 3DCRT group (p=0.008). When it was divided into rectum and non-rectum intestine (NRI), TOMOSIB showed borderline superiority only in NRI toxicity (p=0.047). For the urinary toxicity, there was no significant difference between two groups (p=0.796). On dosimetric analysis for the rectum and bladder, dose delivered to 80% (p<0.001) and volume receiving 25-40 Gy (p<0.001) were remarkably higher in 3DCRT. For the NRI, only maximum dose showed significant results between two groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Intestinal toxicity should be verified with more detailed anatomic categorization such as rectum and NRI. TOMOSIB could not reduce urinary toxicity because of inevitably high dose exposure to the prostatic urethra. Current dosimetry system did not properly reflect intestinal/urinary toxicity, and suitable dosimetric guidelines are needed in TOMOSIB.
Adenocarcinoma/pathology/*radiotherapy ; Aged ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/*radiation effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis/*radiation effects ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/*radiotherapy ; Radiation Injuries ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/*adverse effects/methods ; Rectum/radiation effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder/*radiation effects

OBJECTIVE: To observe histopathologic changes of irradiated guinea pigs' nasal mucosa treated with intranasal corticosteroids and to study the radioprotective effect of intranasal corticosteroids. METHOD: Fifty health guinea pigs nasal parts were performed irradiation by the WDVE-6MeV linear accelerator. They had accepted 5 Gy one time per week for three weeks through X-ray irradiating to establish the animal irradiation injury model. After that, they were divided into 2 groups randomly: the control group and the administration group and each group had 25 guinea pigs. The administration group received intranasal corticosteroids on the second day after three weeks irradiation, 5 animals per one group were sacrificed randomly at 1 W, 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 4 M after administration, the histopathologic changes were observed under optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscope respectively. RESULT: Using intranasal corticosteroids after irradiation, the early inflammatory reaction of the administration group was milder than the control group. With the drug being given constantly, the recovery of epithelial cell with irradiated damage was accelerated and the coverage rate of cilia went up obviously; After four months, the coverage rate of cilia had risen to 72.9%; But, for the control group, the coverage rate of cilia is only 50.2%. The atrophy of submucosal glandular organ was lessened and they displayed some extent secretory function. The reparation was accelerated as time went by. CONCLUSION Irradiation brought about serious injury on guinea pigs' nasal mucosa. But, the injury was lessen after using intranasal corticosteroids. Intranasal corticosteroids play the role of radioprotection for the irradiated nasal mucosa.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; prevention & control