Central Nervous System ; radiation effects ; Eye ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Immune System ; radiation effects ; Radiation ; Radiation Injuries ; prevention & control ; Radiation Protection ; methods ; Reproduction ; radiation effects

Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Cell Cycle ; radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Gene Expression ; radiation effects ; Mutation ; radiation effects ; Recombination, Genetic ; radiation effects ; Yeasts ; cytology ; genetics ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of microwave radiation on GC-2spd cells.

METHODSWe exposed cultured GC-2spd cells to microwave radiation at the average power densities of 0, 10 and 30 mW/cm2 for 15 minutes and, from I to 24 hours after the exposure, we observed the changes in cell proliferation, histology and ultrastructure, cell apoptosis, and cAMP content by MTIT, light microscopy, electron microscopy, flow cytometry and ELISA.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the GC-2spd cells showed a significant decrease in proliferation ability at 1 -24 hours after 10 and 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation, except at 12 hours after 30 mW/cm2 radiation (P <0.05 or P <0.01), with reduced length and number of cell enation and increased intra cytoplasm vacuoles. The rate of cell apoptosis (%) was significantly increased in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups at 6 hours (4.56 +/- 2.09 vs 14.59 +/- 1.09 and 8.48 +/- 1.73, P <0.05 or P <0.01) , with agglutination and margin translocation of chromatins and obvious dilation of endo cytoplasmic reticula. The cAMP content (nmol/g) in the GC-2spd cells was remarkably reduced in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups at 6 and 24 hours (2.77 +/-0.24 vs 1.65+/- 0. 17 and 1.96+/-0.10, 3.02 +/-0.47 vs 2.13 +/-0.33 and 1.69 +/-0.27, P <0.05 or P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONMicrowave radiation at 10 and 30 mW/cm2 may cause injury to GC-2spd cells, which is manifested by decreased content of intracellular cAMP, reduced activity of cell proliferation, and increased rate of cell apoptosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Cell Line ; radiation effects ; Cell Proliferation ; radiation effects ; Male ; Mice ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Spermatocytes ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo learn about the photosynthetic characteristics of Sarcandra glabra and provide the theoretic references for its better planting.

METHODThe photosynthetic parameters of twenty different provenances of Sarcandra glabra were determined by Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system, and the data was analyzed by Excel and SAS software.

RESULTThe results showed that the light saturation point of different Provenances of S. glabra were almost about 800 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1), while the light compensation point of them were from 14.70 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) to 48.68 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1). The curve of net photosynthetic rate had two peaks on sunny day, the first one was in the morning and the other one was in the afternoon. The photosynthetic "noon- break" of S. glabra appeared between 11:00-13:00, when the net photosynthetic rate goes down sharply. Intercellular CO2 concentration (C(i)), CO2 concentration (CO2S) and transpiration rate (T(r)) all have effect on the diurnal change of net photosynthetic rate (P(n)) of S. glabra, and the average correlation coefficient between P(n) and the parameters above were orderly as -0.89 (P < 0.01), -0.75 (P < 0.05) and 0.69 (P < 0.05);

CONCLUSIONS. glabra was a plant with characteristics of shade-tolerance, and through the way of covering, sprinkling for decreasing the surrounding temperature would be effective to reduce its "noon-break" time and increas its efficiency of photosynthesis.

Magnoliopsida ; classification ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Photosynthesis ; radiation effects ; Phylogeny ; Sunlight

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of light intensity on growth and photosynthetic of Chrysanthemum morifolium.

METHODThe growth characteristics of C. morifolium were measured under different treatments (100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% of full sunlight). The photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves under different light intensity were determined by a LI-6400 photosynthesis system and a PAM-2100 chlorophyll fluorescence system.

RESULTWith the reduction of irradiance, the diameter of the stem reduced, plant height, leaf length, leaf width and length/width raised, assimilation product increased; Content of photosynthetic pigment increased between light intensity 100%-40% reduced under 20% treatment, chlorophyll a/b decreased. Light compensation point (LCP), apparent quantum yield (AQY) increased first and reduced later, photosynthesis rate (P(n)), stomatal conductance (G(s)), intercellular CO2 concentration (C(i)) and transpiration rate (T(r)) decreased, stomatal limitation value (L(s)) rose. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F(v)/F(m) increased, phiPS II, F(v)'/F(m)', ETR and qP increased between irradiance 100%-60%, NPQ decreased, such as phiPS II decreased and NPQ increased when irradiance was lower than 40%.

CONCLUSIONWeak light condition was unfavorable to the growth of C. morifolium and the light conditions of culture should be control between 80%-60% of full sunlight.

Biomass ; Chrysanthemum ; growth & development ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Photosynthesis ; radiation effects

To determine the dose-urvival and repair characteristics of the jejunal crypt cells, experimental study was carried out using total 70 mice. Single or split irradiations of 1,100 to 2,200 rad were delivered to whole bodies of C57 BL mice, using a cesium 137 animal irradiator and those mice were sacrificed after 90 hours. The number of regenerating crypts per jejunal circumference was counted by a jejunal crypt cell assay technique and dose-esponse curve was measured. The results were as follows : 1. The average number of jejunal crypts per circumference in control group was 140. In a single irradiation group, the number of regenerated jejunal crypts was, 125, 56, 2 in each subgroup of 1,100 rad, 1,400 rad and 1,800 rad respectively. In split irradiation group, it was 105, 44, 2 in each subgroup of 1,400rad 1,800rad and 2,200 rad respectively. 2. Mean lethal dose of mouse jejunal crypt cell was 167 and 169 rad respectively in a single and split irradiation. 3. Repair dose of sublethal damage was 280 rad. 4. sublethal damage was completely repaired within 4 hours between the split dose of irradiation.
Animals ; Cesium ; Mice* ; Radiation Effects*

Composite Resins ; radiation effects ; Light

This study was purposed to investigate the mechanism of low dose radiation (LDR) by proteomic technology and to find the key proteins of the hormesis and adaptive response induced LDR, which provided the foundation of experimental and theoretical basis for the clinical application of LDR. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to screen protein patterns of normal serum and serum of mice exposed to LDR in different time for qualitative and quantitative differences in protein expression. And the differentially-expressed proteins between the two groups were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The result showed that among the differentially-expressed proteins between the group exposed to LDR and the control group (shom-irradiated group), it was found that after LDR new 4 proteins appeared, 13 proteins were up-regulated, 6 proteins were down-regulated, 3 proteins disappeared in the group exposed to LDR. In different time the quantity of some proteins was different, the protein expression had some characteristics, the estrogen receptor 2 was down-regulated, the vitamin D-binding protein and apolipoprotien were up-regulated in the group exposed to LDR. It is concluded that LDR up-regulate or down-regulate some proteins, some proteins related with LDR were found. It may provide some new explanations for the effect mechanism of the LDR.
Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; blood ; radiation effects ; Male ; Mice ; Proteome ; radiation effects ; Radiation Dosage ; Serum ; radiation effects ; Vitamin D-Binding Protein ; blood ; radiation effects

The present paper is aimed to study the processes of stress reaction and their judgment bases in rat induced by 35 GHz millimeter wave quantitatively. The relative change in the average energy of each EEG frequency band decomposed by wavelet analysis was calculated for extracting the stress indicator for the purpose. The rat would experience quiet period, guarding period, deadlock period and prostrating period in sequence. The judgment bases of different stress periods in rat induced by millimeter wave were obtained by analyzing the skin temperature, skin injury and changes of blood biochemical indexes during each stress period. The stress period changed from quiet period to guarding period when the skin temperature of irradiated area reached the thermal pain threshold. It was from guarding period to deadlock period when the skin had gotten serious injury. Then the rat reaction sensitivity decreased, and injury of its visceral organs occurred. The rat got to prostrating period when the sustained irradiation caused the rat's visceral organs to get more serious injury. The further sustained irradiation finally induced death of the rat.
Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Electroencephalography ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; radiation effects ; Skin Temperature ; radiation effects ; Stress, Physiological ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the photosynthetic characteristics of wildlife tending Alpinia oxyphylla, and provide a theoretical basis for choosing wildlife tending environment and cultivation management.

METHODThe response parameters of the net photosynthetic rate to light intensity, CO2 concentration and photosynthetic characteristics were measured by Li-6400 portable photosynthesis in blossom bud forming stages under different treated conditions.

RESULTThe maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), daily average photosynthetic rate (Pn), apparent quantum efficiency (AQY), apparent carboxylation efficiency (CE), light using efficiency (LUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) were optimal in the wild tending treatment at the light transmission rate of 17.4%-24.1%, beyond the light transmission rate, the photosynthetic capacity utilization of A. oxyphylla would not have a significant increase or be inhibited. The light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) of A. oxyphylla improved with light intensity enhancing. Wildlife tending could enhance the scope of A. oxyphylla to CO2 adaptation.

CONCLUSIONA. oxyphylla as sciophytes, and the optimum light transmission rate for wild tending and cultivating was at 17.4%-24.1%.

Alpinia ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Carbon Dioxide ; metabolism ; Light ; Photosynthesis ; radiation effects ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; radiation effects