Professor YIN Kejing's academic thoughts and clinical experience in treating lateral epicondylitis using classical acupuncture techniques are introduced. Professor YIN Kejing believes that the onset of lateral epicondylitis is due to external pathogenic factors and internal overstrain, leading to a pathological mechanism of muscular tension, meridian obstruction, and qi-blood stasis, resulting in disharmony between nutritive qi and defensive qi. Treatment should adhere to the principles of disease pathogenesis, with meticulous diagnosis and emphasis on relaxing tendons, relieving muscular tension, dredging meridians, and regulating nutritive qi and defensive qi. Based on the theories of yin-yang balance, nutritive qi and defensive qi regulation, and the collateral connection of meridians, the treatment involves selecting positive muscular reaction points, the five-shu points of the related meridians, and collateral connection points. Classical acupuncture techniques, including floating needling, guan needling, three-needle needling, cross-needling, and through-needling, are applied to stimulate defensive qi, regulate nutritive qi, facilitate the transmission of meridian qi, and adjust tendon qi. This approach effectively relieves muscular tension, alleviates pain, restores function, and rebalances yin and yang. The treatment is characterized by precise acupoint selection, distinctive features, and remarkable efficacy.
Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Tennis Elbow/physiopathology* ; Acupuncture Points ; Qi ; Meridians ; Yin-Yang ; Male ; Adult

This paper introduces Professor WANG Jihong's clinical experience in treating refractory lateral epicondylitis using the Wang's crescent technique of blade needle. Based on the classical theories of Huangdi Neijing (the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic) such as the "twelve sinew meridians" "short needling" and "shu needling", Professor WANG applies a self-designed blade needle with crescent needling method. This approach forms a distinctive treatment philosophy characterized by "sinew meridians as the foundation, selecting points at the pain site; using chicken-claw needling technique deliverd at both internal and external; integration of heaven, earth, and man, using both short and shu needling; treating tendon injuries and inflammation with the crescent technique of blade needle". It embodies the therapeutic concept of "treating tendons and bones simultaneously, harmonizing yin and yang", and shows unique advantages in the treatment of this condition.
Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Humans ; Tennis Elbow/therapy* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Needles ; Female ; Acupuncture Points

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries among junior badminton athletes during a national championship. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 128 junior badminton athletes who were members of one Indonesian badminton club and participated in the National Premier Circuit held in June 2019 in West Java, Indonesia. Data on demographic characteristics, history of previous and current injuries, physical examination, diagnosis (type, anatomical structure involved, and location), and treatment of injuries were collected along with data on the format of the game (single, double, or combination), and the number of matches for each respective athlete. Measures of injury frequency used were the incidence proportion and clinical incidence. Determinant factors for incidence were investigated. Results: Twenty-four injury events involving 23 athletes were recorded, with an incidence proportion of 23/128 athletes (18%) and a clinical incidence of 24/128 athletes or 18.8 per 100 athletes. Acute injuries were more frequent (13/24, 54.2%) than chronic/overuse injuries. More than half (14/24, 58.3%) of the injuries occurred in the lower extremities. Factors that increased the risk of injury were age ≥ 15 years (relative risk [RR] = 6.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96, 20.04, p < 0.001), and the number of matches ≥ 3 (RR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.61, 8.92, p = 0.001). Conclusion Musculoskeletal injuries occurred frequently among Indonesian junior badminton athletes during the national elite championship. An effective injury-prevention program specific to young athletes should be developed to maintain their future participation and performance in competition.
Racquet Sports ; Wounds and Injuries ; Epidemiology ; Athletes ; Adolescent

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively study the biomechanical parameters of Bachuorounian manipulation in the treatment of humeral epicondylitis, and discuss the effects of individual characteristics on the biomechanical parameters were discussed. METHODS: From July 2019 to February 2020, 40 patients with external humeral epicondylitis were selected, including 18 males and 22 females, ranging in age from 20 to 50 years old, with an average of (34.37±8.41) years old;and the course of disease ranged from 1 to 11 months, with a mean of (6.05±2.71) months. The biomechanical parameters of the elbow joint of the affected side were measured by using the biomechanical sensor. At thesame time, the individual characteristic parameters of patients were collected to analyze the influence of different individual characteristics of patients on biomechanical parameters. RESULTS: The results of mechanical analysis in each stage of the bachuorounian manipulation were as follows:the rolling back rotation force was (31.17±2.99) N;the buckling bending drawing force was (44.99±2.38) N;the rolling pre rotation force was (31.03±2.75) N;and stretching drawing force was (48.75±2.09) N. The correlation analysis between the parameters showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the buckling bending drawing force and the stretching drawing force parameters, and a significant positive correlation between the rolling force back-rotation force and the rolling pre-rotation force parameters. The multivariate linear regression analysis on the parameters of influencing factors and manipulative biomechanics showed that there was a significant correlation between body weight and rolling back-rotation force, significant correlation between elbow tenderness and the buckling bending drawing force, and significant correlation between disease duration and the stretching drawing force. CONCLUSION The bachuorounian manipulation of humeral epicondylitis has a certain range of operating force. Manipulation of each stage has a correlation and systematic. The patient's weight, elbow tenderness and disease course are important factors affecting the bachuorounian manipulation.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus ; Infant ; Male ; Tennis Elbow

PURPOSE: The first aim of this study was to retrospectively survey sports injuries among 608 athletes participating in 26 sport events. The second aim was to compare the characteristics of sports injuries depending on the occurrences during the high school and university periods.METHODS: The data were collected based on the daily injury report form proposed by the International Olympic Committee from March to June 2019.RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-nine athletes (313 men) of 608 participated athletes experienced a total of 747 sports injuries, indicating 0.7 injuries per 1,000 athlete exposures (AEs). The incidence rate during the university period was 6.1 injuries/1,000 AEs, which was approximately two-fold higher than that during the high school period (2.8 injuries/1,000 AEs). The reported frequency of injuries was the highest among long distance athletics (n=60, 8.0%), and in each subgroup as well.CONCLUSION: Many more injuries were incurred during practice wherein injuries in long-distance athletics were the most common than in competition athletics; handball injuries and taekwondo injuries were the most common during high school and university, respectively. The most contact injuries occurred in taekwondo and most noncontact injuries occurred in gymnastics during high school and in badminton during university. The most commonly affected body parts were the knee, shoulder, and ankle. Severe injuries were the most frequent in long distance athletics, and emergent situations were the most common in taekwondo.
Ankle ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries ; Gymnastics ; Human Body ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Racquet Sports ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Sports

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activities of the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus according to the type of backhand stroke in badminton.METHODS: To measure the muscle activities, we used electromyography (EMG) equipment to measure EMG values by performing maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the forearm muscles, which depends on the type of backhand stroke. With these values, the %maximum voluntary isometric contraction values were obtained. The data were calculated using SPSS ver. 21.0 and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance with a post-hoc least significant difference test.RESULTS: In this study, the backhand clear achieved higher maximum muscle activity values than those by the backhand push, under clear, and drive in the brachioradialis. The backhand smash achieved higher maximum muscle activity values than those by the backhand push in the extensor carpi radialis longus.CONCLUSION: The backhand clear is associated with a higher injury rate than those associated with the backhand push, under clear, and drive. The backhand smash is associated with a higher rate of the occurrence of tennis elbow than that associated with the backhand push. To prevent injuries, it is considered that the forearm's strength, stretching before and after exercise, and sufficient time to rest are important.
Electromyography ; Forearm ; Isometric Contraction ; Muscles ; Racquet Sports ; Stroke ; Tennis Elbow

Background: Lateral epicondylalgia (LE) is a cumulative strain injury affecting the common extensor origin of the elbow, manifesting as lateral elbow pain. Tightness of the fascia connecting the lateral elbow area with the shoulder area was assumed as potential source of LE. Limitation in shoulder rotatory motions may be associated with painful LE elbows. Aim: To determine the difference on shoulder rotatory motions between sides of symptomatic and asymptomatic elbows. Methods: Eligible participants had at least one elbow that tested positive for Cozen, Mill, or Maudsley’s test. Using a universal goniometer, a blinded assessor measured the participants’ active and followed by passive shoulder internal and external rotation. The primary investigator tested the external rotation followed by internal rotation of the right upper extremity, then subsequently the left upper extremity of healthy participants both passively and actively Results: The assessor showed excellent intra-tester reliability in measuring active and passive shoulder rotatory motions of 20 asymptomatic right upper extremities (ICC=0.98). Twenty-seven (27) participants (3 males, 24 females) with a mean (95%CI) age of 54 (49-58) years old were enrolled in the study. The mean visual analogue scale of the patients was 6.53 (5.91- 7.13), with mean (95%CI) duration of 96 (50-142) weeks. Based on hand dominance and side of LE, significant difference was found in active and passive shoulder internal rotation (p>0.05). Conclusion Shoulder active and passive internal rotations were significantly associated with hand dominance in patients with LE. Tightness of the fascia and muscle in the shoulder and painful LE elbow may underpin the decreased shoulder rotatory motions.
Tennis Elbow ; Shoulder ; Fascia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical efficaly of intractable lateral epicondylitis by extracurricular arthroscopic operation based on pressure point. METHODS: From October 2015 to September 2017, 19 patients with intractable lateral epicondylitis were treated with extraarticylar arthroscopic operation based in pressure point. Among patients, including 7 males and 12 females, aged from 33 to 62 years old with an average of(43.16±8.12) years old, The courses of conservative treatment ranged from 7 to 41 months, with an average of(15.47±7.08) months. Postoperative complications were observed, VAS score and Mayo score before and after operation at 3 months were observed and compared. RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 6 to 26 months, with an average (17.16±5.25) months. No infection, skin necrosis and nerve injury occurred. No group weakness occurred within six months after operation. VAS score decreased from 4.42±1.17 before operation to 0.53±0.61 after operation at 3 months. Mago was improved from 62.63±7.88 before operation to 93.42±5.28 after operation at 3 months. According to Mayo score, 17 cases got excellent results, and 2 cases were good. CONCLUSIONS Intractable lateral epicondylitis by arthroscopic extracurricular operation based on pressure point, which deal with main extracurricular root cause, could anatomical level is understand easily, field of vision is good and diseased tissue is cleaned up thoroughly, and has obvious curative effect.
Adult ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Rotation ; Tennis Elbow ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of applying the measure of energy cost, utilized widely in cyclic sports, in table tennis multi-ball practice. METHODS: Eleven collegiate table tennis players volunteered (18±1 yrs, 177±2 cm, 71±3 kg, approximately 10 yrs' training experience) to participate in one graded exercise test on treadmill, and two step tests (forehand and backhand, 3 min × 6, 35～85 stroke/min). A portable spirometric system and heart rate monitor were utilized for the three trials. Earlobe blood samples were collected and analyzed prior to and post the test. Energy cost was calculated for one stroke at each stroke frequency. RESULTS: The energy cost of loop drive multi-ball practice was decreased with increased stroke frequency (P＜0.05). The energy cost of forehand loop drive was higher than backhand, with the difference significant at 35, 45, 55, 65, and 85 stroke·min (P＜0.05). The function between energy cost and frequency were y=166.4x (R=0.9731), and y=33.21x (R=0.8423), respectively, where y was energy cost, and x was stroke frequency. CONCLUSION The measure of energy cost utilized in cyclic sports could be applied to evaluate the energy expenditure in table tennis multi-ball practice of single technique, and indicate the stroke efficiency of table tennis muti-ball practice with different stroke frequencies.
Adolescent ; Energy Metabolism ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Tennis ; physiology ; Young Adult

Ganglion cyst is considered to be a usual cause of peripheral nerve compression. In this report, we present a rare case of ulnar nerve compression by a multi-septated ganglion cyst in the cubital tunnel. A 33-year-old left-handed male amateur tennis player developed progressive numbness and weakness in his right elbow, forearm, and hand for 1 year. Decrease of grip power was apparent in left hand. Clinical examination revealed a cystic mass at the posterior side of the elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a ganglion cyst at the elbow. During surgery about 3 cm diameter epineural ganglion was observed compressing the ulnar nerve and was excised using microsurgery techniques. Three months postoperatively, the clinical recovery of the patient was very satisfactory and he restored his original performance in tennis match.
Adult ; Cubital Tunnel Syndrome ; Elbow ; Forearm ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Peripheral Nerves ; Tennis ; Ulnar Nerve ; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes