1.Incidence Of Firearm-Related Deaths And Epidemiology In Klang Valley, Malaysia From 2006 To 2016: A Retrospective Study
Rabiatul Adawiyah, ; Noor Hazfalinda Hamzah ; Sri Pawita Albakri Amir Hamzah ; Nur Hamizah Md Udin
Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 2018;18(Special Volume (1)):51-61
Death due to firearm is more common in countries with higher gun ownership such as United States of America compared to countries with restrictive gun ownership such as European countries and Malaysia. However, the increasing number of shooting cases in Malaysia recently should not be overlooked. This study was carried out to investigate the incidence of firearm-related deaths and epidemiology in Klang Valley for 11-year period. The demographic data on the incidence of firearm-related deaths from 2006 to 2016 was collected retrospectively from four government hospitals in Klang Valley. 204 cases of firearm-related deaths were reported with irregular trend of the incidence throughout the 11-year period. The results revealed that most victims were male, aged between 30 to 34 years old and Malaysian citizen. Firearms fatalities were higher among Malaysian specifically Indian, as compared to non-Malaysian. Most firearms fatalities were homicides and took place during late night between 12.00 am to 5.59 am. The highest cause of death was head injury due to gunshot wound. It is hoped that this study will raise awareness to Malaysian citizen regarding firearm-related cases and to develop strategies to overcome the issue of gun violence in Malaysia with appropriate authorities.
firearm fatalities
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firearms epidemiology
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firearms demographic data
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gun violence Klang Valley
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gunshot wound
2.In Vitro Antifungal Activities against Moulds Isolated from Dermatological Specimens
Tzar Mohd Nizam ; Rabiatul Adawiyah AG. Binting ; Shafika Mohd Saari ; Thivyananthini Vijaya Kumar ; Marianayati Muhammad ; Hartini Satim ; Hamidah Yusoff ; Jacinta Santhanam
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2016;23(3):32-39
Background: This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antifungal agents against moulds isolated from dermatological specimens. Methods: We identified 29 moulds from dermatological specimens between October 2012 and March 2013 by conventional methods. We performed antifungal susceptibility testing on six antifungal agents, amphotericin B, clotrimazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and terbinafine, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines contained in the M38-A2 document. Results: Most antifungal agents were active against the dermatophytes, except for terbinafine against Trichophyton rubrum (geometric mean MIC, MICGM 3.17 µg/mL). The dematiaceous moulds were relatively susceptible to amphotericin B and azoles (MICGM 0.17-0.34 µg/mL), but not to terbinafine (MICGM 3.62 µg/mL). Septate hyaline moulds showed variable results between the relatively more susceptible Aspergillus spp. (MICGM 0.25-4 µg/mL) and the more resistant Fusarium spp. (MICGM 5.66-32 µg/mL). The zygomycetes were susceptible to amphotericin B (MICGM 0.5 µg/mL) and clotrimazole (MICGM 0.08 µg/mL), but not to other azoles (MICGM 2.52-4 µg/mL). Conclusion: Amphotericin B and clotrimazole were the most effective antifungal agents against all moulds excepting Fusarium spp., while terbinafine was useful against dermatophytes (except T. rubrum) and Aspergillus spp. However, a larger study is required to draw more solid conclusions.
3.Demographic Characteristics Associated with Missed Follow-Up Appointments among Tuberculosis Patients at Hospital Shah Alam, Selangor: A Retrospective Study from January to June 2023
Ahmad Zhafir Zulkifli ; Rabiatul Adawiyah Md Salleh, ; Nur Farha Omar
International Journal of Public Health Research 2024;14(no.1):1858-1864
Introduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) patients default their treatment during the treatment course. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the demographic characteristics of the patient who missed follow-ups and identify the reasons for missed appointments or defaulted their treatment.
Methods:
The records of patients diagnosed with TB follow-up at the chest clinic from January to June 2023 were reviewed based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results:
The retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted based on the data collected. Based on the study sample (n=33), the result shows that the majority of the defaulted patients were male in gender (n=22). Most of the missed appointments patients and defaulters are of Malay (39.4%) ethnicity and Malaysian nationality (66.7%). Most patients gave the transport issues as the reason for missed appointments followed by financial issues and feeling healthy. The majority of them missed follow-up in the first month after starting anti-TB.
Conclusions
In conclusion, missed appointments, treatment compliance and defaulted cases in TB treatment remain as one of the main challenges in the effort to end TB epidemics. Further in-depth research is required to propose effective measures to solve this issue and improve the national TB control program.
4.A Systematic Review of the Role of Mitochondria in Cleft Pathology: A Forgotten General?
Rabiatul Adawiyah Mohamad Noor ; Wan Azman Wan Sulaiman ; Anani Aila Mat Zin ; Nurul Syazana Mohamad Shah
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2022;17(1):21-30
ABSTRACT
Orofacial clefts (OFC) are one of the most common birth defects that affects the lip, palate, or lip
and palate of an infant. The deterioration of clefts is multifactorial involving multiple genes, various
interactions from environmental factor and most forgotten, mitochondrial abnormality. The aim of this
review is to highlight the importance of mitochondrial activity related to non-syndromic OFC deformity.
Despite its important role in cells, the study on mitochondrial activity in cleft pathology was scarce and
almost forgotten compared to other genetic investigations. This systematic review was completed based
on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The
literature search was done via the following databases: Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus with a total
of nine studies of mitochondrial abnormalities were included. We hypothesise that mitochondria play an
important role in early craniofacial development. A decreased in its function or activity may result in cleft
lip formation. Hence, we would like to shed light on the remarkable role of mitochondria activity in the
pathogenesis of non-syndromic OFC.
Mitochondria--pathology
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DNA, Mitochondrial
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Cleft Lip
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Cleft Palate