The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental maturity according to the vertical facial type and sex in Korean children in the developmental stage.
In total, 184 participants aged 8 - 14 years were selected and divided into three groups based on the mandibular plane angle. For the comparison between the sexes, the three groups were each divided into male and female subgroups. The skeletal and dental maturity were assessed using lateral cephalograms, hand-wrist radiographs and panoramic radiographs.
The vertical growth group showed significantly greater cervical vertebral and hand-wrist maturity than that in the horizontal growth group. Dental maturity was the highest in the vertical growth group. Girls showed greater skeletal maturity than boys, and no distinct difference was observed between the dental maturity of the sexes.
Analysis of the vertical facial type in children can provide ancillary indicators that may help determine the optimal timing for orthodontic treatment initiation. Earlier initiation of orthodontic treatment may be considered for patients with vertical facial growth patterns.

BACKGROUND: The changes of the composition in the T-lymphocyte are important as an immunological abnormality in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Previously, the second type of TCR dimer(gamma delta T lymphocyte) that did not express CD4 or CD8 molecules was found. In other reports the presence of this type of lymphocytes was increased in the initial stage of tuberculous infections. METHOD: To determine whether there are some differences in the T-lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood or pleural effusion among the forty-nine patients were examined T-lymphocyte subset analysis(CD4+T-cell,CD8+ T-cell,gamma delta T-lymphocytes) with anti-Leu4, anti-Leu3a, anti-Leu2a, anti HLA-DR and anti-TCR-gammadelta-1(Becton & Dickinson Co.). RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 50 years old(17-81year). There were 33 males and 16 female patients. patiensts with tuberculosis are 30cases(tuberculous pleurisy 15), lung cancer 12cases(malignant effusion 9) and pneumonia 7cases(parapneumonic effusion 6cases) In T lymphocyte subsets of pleural effusion, helper T lymphocyte(54.6 + 13.8 %) of tuberculous pleurisy was higher than that(36.2 + 25.3 %) of non-tuberculous pleurisy(p= 0.04). The peripheral blood gammadelta T-lymphocytes in tuberculousis was insignificantly higher than non-tuberculous patients(p= 0.24). The peripheral blood gammadelta T-lymphocytes and pleural gammadelta T-lymphocytes in tuberculous pleurisy was insignificantly higher than in non-tuberculous pleurisy(p= 0.16, p= 0.12). CONCLUSION: The percentage of gammadelta T lymphocytes among the total T-lymphocytes is not significantly increased in the peripheral blood or pleural effusion of the pleural tuberculosis. gammadelta T lymphocytes is less useful as a diagnostic method of pleural tuberculosis.
Female ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Pleural Effusion ; Pleurisy ; Pneumonia ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; T-Lymphocytes* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pleural*

We have studied thirty two cases of inappropriately treatable and intractable epileptics to various anti-convulsants. Zonisamide had a definite anti-epileptic activity in eleven subjects(52.4%) of intractble epilepsy. Five patients(45.5%), who were previously inappropriately treatable epileptic patients became seizure free on zonisamide. Two subjects were withdrawn from study because of side effect and two subjects were also withdrawn because of uncontrolled seizure. Zonisamide is not only effective in intractable epileptic patients but also in first trial for untreated epileptic patients.
Epilepsy ; Humans ; Seizures

We treated a 66 year-old-male patient with non-traumatic spontaneous E. coli meningitis, whose cerebrospinal fluid showed turbid, and from which E. coli was cultured, and who had urinary tract infection and fatty liver disease which were thought to be predisposing factors to the meningitis. Gram-negative bacillary meningitis is a very rare condition after the neonatal period, and may be complicated by penetrating cranial injuries, neurosurgical interventions or such debilitating diseases as diabetes, liver cirrhosis, urinary tract infection, malignancy and alcholism, etc. It has a high mortality rate in spite of using various antibiotics.
Adult* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Causality ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Fatty Liver ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Meningitis* ; Mortality ; Urinary Tract Infections

The genetic status of cagA, vacA subtype, iceA1, and babA, and the relationship to gastroduodenal diseases were assessed in Helicobacter pylori isolates in Korea. Seventy-six strains of H. pylori were isolated from the antrum and the corpus of 41 adult patients (22 with peptic ulcer and 19 with gastritis). The cagA, iceA1, and babA genes were assessed by polymerase chain reaction and the vacA subtypes were determined by reverse hybridization-line probe assay. The positive rates of 349-bp cagA, 208-bp cagA, iceA1, and babA genes were 97.4%, 96.1%, 84.2%, and 36.1%, respectively. The vacA s1a, s1b, s1c, and s2 variants were detected in 11.8%, 3.9%, 80.4%, and 1.3%, respectively. m1 (78.9%) is more prevalent than m2 (5.3%). The most common vacA genotype was s1c/m1 (61.9%), and 14 isolates (18.4%) contained mixed vacA genotypes from a single biopsy specimen. Twenty-one (60%) of 35 patients were infected with more than two strains of different cagA, iceA1, babA, and vacA genotypes. None of cagA, iceA1, babA, and vacA s1/m1 were associated with peptic ulcer. In conclusion, most H. pylori isolates in Korea carry cagA, iceA1, and vacA s1c/m1 genes, and reside with multiple strains. These genes do not correlate with the peptic ulcer in the Korean patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Helicobacter pylori/*classification/genetics/pathogenicity ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Peptic Ulcer/*etiology/microbiology

No abstract available.
Polychondritis, Relapsing*

Paroxysmal choreoathetosis(dyskinesia) is classified into two subtypes: paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis(PKC) and paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis(PDC). PDC consist of attacks of dystonia and /or choreoathetosis during which the patients are dysarthric or anarthric, have irregular clonic movement and dystonic posturing of extremities, and these not precipitated by sudden movement but rather by alocohol, coffee and stress. Attacks are longer (2ninute-4hours), but less frequently(3-4times/day) than PKC, they are not responsive to anticonvulsants(eg, phenytoin, carbamazepine) but controlled by clonazepam.This disease is rare, in the reported families, the transmission was clearly autosomal dominant with high penetrance.
Coffee ; Dystonia ; Extremities ; Humans ; Penetrance ; Phenytoin

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcium Sulfate* ; Dogs* ; Humans* ; Regeneration*

As the number of elderly people increases, the incidence of stroke, especially the hemorrhagic stroke, is increasing. A large-scale survey of the entire country pertaining to the incidence and demographic characteristics of hemorrhagic stroke in elderly is necessary. Through information garnered from a basic survey and clinical study, we must design a treatment program to reduce the mortality of elderly people through elucidating the specific properties of stroke pathophysiology.
Aged* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Mortality ; Stroke*

Hereditary progressive dystonia develope in the first decade of ?life and is characterized by marked diurnal fluctuation of symptoms(dystonic postures and movements), i.e.symptoms aggrevated towards evening and alleviated after sleep. These symptoms and signs responded dramatically to levodopa. With the high incidence of familial cases this disorder is considers to be hereditary, but inheritance is not clear yet. Segawa regarded this disorder as a dystonia different from Parkinson's disease and other types of dystonic movement disorders, thereafter it has been reported under name of hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation.
Dystonia* ; Incidence ; Levodopa ; Movement Disorders ; Parkinson Disease ; Posture ; Wills