PURPOSE: To examine the expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) in osteosarcoma and to evaluate its role in osteosarcoma invasion and proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mRNA expression of CTGF from 23 patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines was examined, and the role of CTGF in cell invasion and proliferation was examined using siRNA transfection. RESULTS: The over-expression of CTGF mRNA was observed in 17 cell lines (74%). CTGF-specific siRNA transfection into SaOS-2 and MG63 cell lines resulted in efficient knockdown of CTGF expression on Western blot analysis. siRNA transfected cells showed decreased migration on Matrigel invasion assay and decreased cell proliferation on WST-1 assay. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the CTGF expression may play an important role in osteosarcoma progression, and may be a therapeutic target of osteosarcoma.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Osteosarcoma* ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection

PURPOSE: This study was to analyze the effect size of complementary and alternative intervention studies in reference to dysmenorrhea and menstrual distress. METHODS: In order to conduct a meta-analysis, a total of 393 studies were retrieved from the database. Twenty-eight studies that were published from March 2001 to February 2011 were selected. RESULTS: Intervention studies included seven studies on aromatherapy, five on auriculotherapy, three on each Koryo-Sooji-Chim and moxibustion, two on each heat therapy and magnetic therapy and six on other therapy. The effect size of the intervention studies on dysmenorrhea and menstrual distress was greater than 0.48 for Koryo-Sooji-Chim, moxibustion, aromatherapy, auriculotherapy and other therapy. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that drug free therapy can reduce the levels of menstrual distress, despite the small number of intervention studies and randomized controlled trials.
Aromatherapy ; Auriculotherapy ; Dysmenorrhea ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Clinical Trial ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Menstruation ; Moxibustion

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact, parental stress, parenting behavior, and spousal support on changes in parenting behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 162 mothers who raised infants and toddlers under 24 months of age participated in this descriptive study via a web survey. The researchers collected data, which included demographic variables about mothers and babies, COVID-19 impact, parenting stress, spousal support, parenting behavior, and changes in parenting behavior after the pandemic. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24.0 using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression tests. Results: With the spread of COVID-19, mothers with infants and toddlers appeared to be affected in the order of psychological burden, resources, and financial burden, and their parenting stress increased compared to that before the pandemic. The change in mothers’ parenting behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic increased significantly as the mothers were significantly influenced by COVID-19. In addition, it was confirmed that the change in parenting behavior significantly decreased as mothers’ parenting stress increased. Conclusion Change in infants’ and toddlers’ mothers’ parenting behavior was associated with both COVID-19 impact and parenting stress in South Korea during the pandemic.

No abstract available.
Mass Screening*

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) on the renal renin-angiotensin systems. In rats chronically treated with CsA, the intrarenal expression of various genes of the renin-angiotensin system was assessed by Northern blot analysis. Along with the increases in plasma and renal renin activities, chronic CsA-treatment differentially affected the renal expression of renin-angiotensin system. The treatment with CsA for one week did not significantly alter the expression of either type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1A) or angiotensinogen gene, but increased the renin mRNA level. The three-week-treatment caused increases in the expression not only of renin but also of AT1A and angiotensinogen genes. Supplementation with L-arginine kept the expression of renin mRNA normal in the one-week-treated, but failed to prevent the alterations of the gene expression in the three-week-treated. Feedback control among components of the renin-angiotensin system also influences angiotesinogen. In the liver, the expression of angiotensinogen mRNA was decreased by the CsA-treatment for either one- or three-weeks. In conclusion, chronic CsA-treatment is associated with a differential expression of various genes for the renin-angiotensin system. L-Arginine may be effective in maintaining the normality of renin-angiotensin system only during early period after beginning the use of CsA.
Angiotensinogen ; Animals ; Arginine ; Blotting, Northern ; Cyclosporine* ; Gene Expression ; Liver ; Plasma ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; Renin ; Renin-Angiotensin System* ; RNA, Messenger

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare job satisfaction, self-esteem, and nursing task performance between registered nurses (RN) and nurse assistants (NA) in long-term care hospitals. METHOD: The sample consisted of 203 nursing personnel (RN 99 and AN 104), who were working in one of 5 long-term care hospitals in 5 different areas. Data were collected by structured questionnaires from March 15 to April 30, 2010, and analyzed using the descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS/Win 17.0 program. RESULT: There was no significant difference between nurses and nurse assistants in job satisfaction and self-esteem. But nurses had higher levels of nursing task performance than nurse assistants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the necessity of developing programs that will help to improve job satisfaction and self-esteem in nurses and nursing task performance in nurse assistants. Strategies need to be developed to maximize the value of the existing workforce without impacting on the quality of care delivered.
Job Satisfaction ; Long-Term Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Concept ; Task Performance and Analysis

This study examined health foods intakes and related variables among the middle aged(150 men and 159 women) in the Jeonbuk region. Health foods were classified into 4 groups including Chinese medicine(CM), toner foods(TF), vitamin or mineral supplements(VMS), and other manufactured health food supplements(MHFS). The number of people taking health foods were higher for those in their 50's than in their 40's. The consumption rate of TF in men was the highest among health foods, this result had significance. The reasons for taking health foods were recovery from fatigue, supplement of nutrients and making smooth body activity in general, but TF was used to increase of vigor. The consumption rate of health foods was a little different according to social-economic factors, namely, the consumption rate of CM was higher in people in rural than urban areas, those who graduated from middle school than university, blue color & self-employed as opposed to housewives and service workers, low level income than high level income, and Buddhism and no religion than Christian. The consumption rate had a correlation with the habits of smoking, alcohol drinking and exercise ; namely, the consumption rate of CM was higher than VMS and MHFS on smokers and alcohol drinkers. The more the frequency of exercise, the higher the consumption rate of TF, but the duration of the exercise was not correlated. This study suggests that middle aged people need nutritional education for the right recognition and selection of health foods and to consider the nature of each type of health foods.
Alcohol Drinking ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Buddhism ; Education ; Fatigue ; Food, Organic* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Male ; Middle Aged* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vitamins

PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine predictors of allied health science students' exercise behavior using Pender's Health Promotion Model. METHOD: The subjects were 203 university students majoring in nursing, emergency medical service, and exercise prescription. The hypothetical model was based on the HPM(Pender, 1996). Exogenous variables of the model were exercise habit and role belief. Endogenous variables were exercise-related affect, exercise self-efficacy, exercise barrier, exercise intention, and exercise behavior. The data were analyzed by SAS PC program and LISREL 8.12 program. RESULT: The degree of exercise behavior was low(mean 1.86, range 1~4). The overall fit of the model to the data was acceptable. Exercise habit, exercise self-efficacy and exercise-related affect were significant predictors of exercise intention and exercise behavior. CONCLUSION: This study shows the necessity of the program to increase the level of exercise participation of university students majoring in allied health science. The model constructed in this study is applicable to explain exercise behavior of university students majoring in allied health science, and suggests that we should focus on exercise habit, exercise self- efficacy and exercise-related affect to increase the level of exercise behavior of this group.
Emergency Nursing ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Intention ; Models, Structural ; Prescriptions

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry and nutrition knowledge, food behaviour and lifestyle of women college students with different obesity indexes. The subjects were 251 women college students who were randomly selected from Kunsan National University. The height, body weight, soft/lean mass, fat mass, percentage of body fat, and fat distribution were measured, and health-related lifestyle habits were evaluated based on questionnaires. The subjects were assigned to one of the following groups based on their Body Mass Index (BMI): underweight, normal weight and overweight. The results were as follows. Their body weight, soft/lean mass, fat mass, percentage of body fat, and fat distribution were significantly higher in the overweight subjects when compared to the underweight or normal weight subjects. Standard of living, self-recognition of health status and duration of exercise were significantly correlated with their BMIs. Self-satisfaction with body weight decreased as the BMI increased. Most subjects had poor habits such as skipping meals and lack of exercises. The overweight and the underweight groups skipped meals more frequently than the normal weight group. There were no significant differences in the scores on the nutritional knowledge and the dietary behaviour of the subjects with different BMIs. Therefore, proper nutritional education on regular meals and intervention are required if women college students are to have normal weights and healthy lifestyles.
Adipose Tissue ; Anthropometry* ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Education ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Life Style* ; Meals ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Thinness ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Customer satisfaction concerning foodservice quality characteristics were evaluated by using importance performance analysis(IPA) techniques in middle school foodsevice operations. One hundred students from each of 17 middle schools in Gangwon province were surveyed by self-developed questionnaire. Total of 1,675 questionnaires(female 943 and male 732 respectively) were collected and data were analyzed using SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1.The male and female students scored the importance level as 3.99 and 4.03 out of 5 respectively, which means 'important' The performance level of female(2.71) was significantly lower than male(2.86) which means 'between bad and so-so'. it is suggested that the statistical analysis should be conducted respectively according to gender. And there is no performance level over 4(good). 2. Dissatisfied quality attributes identified were convenience of dinning room and the managerial attitude of dissatisfaction in the female and male students. 3. Satisfied quality attributes identified were hygiene of food and dinning room and spoon and cup and drinking water table and distribution process, taste of food, variety of food in the female and male students. 4. The performance scores of lower price(less than 1500 won) lunch group was higher than higher price(more than 1800 won) lunch group in the female and male students.
Drinking Water ; Female* ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Lunch* ; Male* ; Surveys and Questionnaires