BACKGROUND: The opportunistic imperfect fungus Candida albicans causing life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients is recognized to be one of important nosocomial pathogens. Recently, an outbreak of septicemia caused by C. albicans was occured in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Chungbuk university hospital. To investigate the molecular epidemiology of these infections, we analyzed genotypes of C. albicans isolates from NICU and non-NICU. METHODS: Fourteen isolates of C. albicans were used for intraspecies genotyping, which were composed of 9 isolates from NICU and 5 isolates from non-NICU from January to April 1998. Each three isolates of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis were used for interspecies genotyping. The genotyping were analyzed by RAPD with four random primers. RESULTS: The genotypes of C. albicans isolates from immature neonates in NICU were identical with those from medical persons in NICU but different with those from patients in non-NICU. Interspecies RAPD profiles were more distinctive than intraspecies RAPD profiles. The reproducibility of RAPD showed good result. CONCLUSION: These results show that C. albicans isolated from NICU disclose the same RAPD genotype, which suggests the clonal origin, and RAPD can be the useful method for the epidemiological study of nosocomial infection caused by C.albicans.
Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Cross Infection ; DNA* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Fungi ; Genotype ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal* ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Sepsis*

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignant soft-tissue neoplasm of unknown histogenesis. The two main sites of occurrence are the lower extremities in adults and the head and neck in children. We report the first case of pleural ASPS occurring in a 58-yr-old man who presented with progressive dyspnea. A computed tomographic scan of the thorax revealed a large enhancing pleural mass with pleural effusion in the left hemithorax. Wide excision of the pleural mass was performed. Histologically, the tumor consisted of organoid nests of large polygonal cells, the cytoplasm of which had eosinophilic and D-PAS positive granules. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cell nuclei were positive for transcription factor 3 (TFE3). The pleural ASPS with multiple bone metastases recurred 1 yr after surgery and the patient died of acute pulmonary embolism 1.5 yr after diagnosis.
Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis/secondary ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pleura/physiopathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis ; Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Transcription Factor 3/metabolism

A head-and-neck phantom was designed in order to evaluate remotely the quality of the delivery dose of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in each institution. The phantom is homogeneous or inhomogeneous by interchanging the phantom material with the substructure like an air or bone plug. Monte Carlo simulations were executed for one beam and three beams to the phantom and compared with ion chamber and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements of which readings were from two independent institutions. For single beam, the ion chamber results and the MC simulations agreed to within about 2%. TLDs agreed with the MC results to within 2% or 7% according to which institution read the TLDs. For three beams, the ion chamber results showed -5% maximum discrepancy and those of TLDs were +2~+3%. The accuracy of the TLD readings should be increased for the remote dose monitoring. MC simulations are a valuable tool to acquire the reliability of the measurements in developing a new phantom.
Pilot Projects* ; Reading

Cystic lesions or progressive cystic changes in adenocarcinoma of the lung have rarely been reported. We report a case of lung adenocarcinoma that progressed from ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidations or nodules to extensive cystic lesions during 12 months in a young adult patient. A 29-year-old male was initially diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma by transbronchial lung biopsy of the right lower lobe and lung to lung metastasis in both lungs according to imaging findings. The initial chest computed tomography (CT) scans showed multifocal GGOs, consolidations, and nodules in both lungs. Despite treatment with palliative chemotherapy, the patient's follow-up CT scans showed multiple, cystic changes in both lungs and that the lesions had progressed more extensively. He died of hypoxic respiratory failure one year after his diagnosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Thorax ; Young Adult