Objective:To explore the hypothesis of "pathogen storage pool" by analyzing the local microbial community of adenoids. Methods:Under the guidance of a 70° nasal endoscope, sterile swabs were used to collect secretions from the adenoid crypts of the subjects. The samples were sent to the laboratory for DNA extraction and standard bacterial 16S full-length sequencing analysis. Results:At the species level, the top three microbial communities in adenoid crypts were Bacillus subtilis（18.78%）, Fusobacterium pyogenes（11.42%）, and Streptococcus pneumoniae（9.38%）. Conclusion:The local microbial community of adenoids exhibits a high degree of diversity, including microbial communities from the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Our research results support the hypothesis that adenoids act as a " pathogen reservoir".
Humans ; Adenoids/microbiology* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Microbiota/genetics* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification* ; Bacillus subtilis/genetics* ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis*

Objective:To explore the interaction between pediatric sleep-disordered breathing（SDB）, the intestinal microbiota, and pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）. Methods:A total of 63 non-obese children（47 children with SDB in the experimental group and 16 without SDB in the control group） were enrolled in this study. The liver function and degree of SDB were assessed in both groups. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted to detect the composition and functional variations of the intestinal microbiota in the two groups of children. Results:Compared with children in the experimental group, serum ALT and AST levels were higher in the control group. and the relative proteobacteria abundance of intestinal flora increased, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased significantly. Function including membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism, were enriched in the intestinal microbiota of children with SDB. Conclusion:The composition and functional annotation of the pediatric liver functional status and gut microbiota were significantly different between the two groups of children with and without SDB. Changes in SDB-associated intestinal bacterial abundance may be related to the pathogenesis of pediatric NAFLD.
Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Child ; Male ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/microbiology* ; Female ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Bacteroidetes ; Proteobacteria/isolation & purification* ; Lipid Metabolism

Objective:This study aimed to explore the possible pathogenesis of OSA from the perspective of microbiology by evaluate the change in pharyngeal microbiome of OSA children, and provide new ideas for clinical prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Methods:Randomly enrolled 20 children with OSA as OSA group and 20 children without OSA as control group. The swallow swab of each children been collected. Using 16srDNA sequencing to investigate the characteristics of pharyngeal microbiome. Results:The α-diversity showed that the Chao1and Observe-Otus index has significantly increased in the OSA group, and the β-diversity was significantly different between the two groups. The relative abundance of Haemophilus（Proteobacteria） increased but that of Veillonella（member of Firmicutes） and Prevotella-7 and Prevotella（member of Bacteroidota） decreased in the OSA group compared to control group. Conclusion:The pharyngeal microbial richness are decreased significantly and composition are disrupted in children with OSA. This microbiome analysis provides a new understanding about the pathogenesis of OSA in children.
Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/microbiology* ; Microbiota ; Child ; Pharynx/microbiology* ; Male ; Female ; Prevotella/isolation & purification* ; Haemophilus/isolation & purification* ; Veillonella/isolation & purification* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Child, Preschool ; Proteobacteria/isolation & purification*

OBJECTIVE: To determine if ARHGEF10 has a haploinsufficient effect and provide evidence to evaluate the severity, if any, during prenatal consultation. METHODS: Zebrafish was used as a model for generating mutant. The pattern of arhgef10 expression in the early stages of zebrafish development was observed using whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH). CRISPR/Cas9 was applied to generate a zebrafish model with a single-copy or homozygous arhgef10 deletion. Activity and light/dark tests were performed in arhgef10 ^-/-, arhgef10 ^+/-, and wild-type zebrafish larvae. ARHGEF10 was knocked down using small interferon RNA (siRNA) in the SH-SY5Y cell line, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using the CCK-8 assay and Annexin V/PI staining, respectively. RESULTS: WISH showed that during zebrafish embryonic development arhgef10 was expressed in the midbrain and hindbrain at 36-72 h post-fertilization (hpf) and in the hemopoietic system at 36-48 hpf. The zebrafish larvae with single-copy and homozygous arhgef10 deletions had lower exercise capacity and poorer responses to environmental changes compared to wild-type zebrafish larvae. Moreover, arhgef10 ^-/- zebrafish had more severe symptoms than arhgef10 ^+/- zebrafish. Knockdown of ARHGEF10 in human neuroblastoma cells led to decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, ARHGEF10 appeared to have a haploinsufficiency effect.
Animals ; Annexin A5 ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Genotype ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Larva/physiology* ; Phenotype ; RNA/isolation & purification* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards* ; Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism* ; Sincalide/analysis* ; Spectrophotometry/methods* ; Zebrafish/physiology*

Adult ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; COVID-19/virology* ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification* ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification* ; Time Factors

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA using one dried blood spot (DBS) as an alternative sample to plasma. Method: A total of 571 paired DBS/plasma samples were collected from men who have sex with men (MSM) and injection drug users (IDUs), and serological and molecular assays were performed. Using plasma results as the reference standard, the performance of DBS tests for HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA was evaluated. Pearson's correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to assess the correlation and concordance between DBS and plasma. Results: Among paired plasma/DBS samples with detectable HIV-1 RNA and HCV RNA, five samples (5/32) were not detectable in DBS, while measurable HIV-1 RNA levels were present in plasma (1.44 to 3.99 log Conclusion The performance of the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA using one DBS was acceptable. DBS, as an alternative sample to plasma, may be a viable option for the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA in resource-limited settings or for individuals living in areas that are difficult to access.
DNA, Viral/analysis* ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods* ; Dried Blood Spot Testing/methods* ; HIV Infections/diagnosis* ; HIV-1/isolation & purification* ; Hepacivirus/isolation & purification* ; Hepatitis C/diagnosis* ; RNA, Viral/analysis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Specimen Handling/methods* ; Syphilis/diagnosis* ; Treponema pallidum/isolation & purification*

Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification* ; COVID-19/virology* ; Feces/chemistry* ; Female ; Humans ; Intestines/virology* ; Male ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification* ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity*

Pathogens like bacteria and protozoa, which affect human and animal health worldwide, can be transmitted by vectors like ticks. To investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of bacteria and protozoans carried by ticks in Chengmai county of Hainan province, China, 285 adult hard ticks belonging to two species [
Anaplasmataceae/isolation & purification* ; Animals ; Chaperonin 60/genetics* ; China ; Citrate (si)-Synthase/genetics* ; Coccidia/isolation & purification* ; Coxiellaceae/isolation & purification* ; Insect Vectors/microbiology* ; Islands ; Ixodidae/microbiology* ; Phylogeny ; Piroplasmia/isolation & purification* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics*

Objective: To evaluate multidrug resistant loop-mediated isothermal amplification (MDR-LAMP) assay for the early diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and to compare the mutation patterns associated with the Methods: MDR-LAMP assay was evaluated using 100 Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MDR-LAMP were 85.5%, 93.6%, 96.7%, and 74.4% for the detection of resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, respectively, and 80.5%, 92.3%, 98.6%, and 41.4% for the detection of Conclusion MDR-LAMP is a rapid and accessible assay for the laboratory identification of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance of
Antitubercular Agents ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics* ; Catalase/genetics* ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis* ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics* ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics* ; Isoniazid ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods* ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification* ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods* ; Oxidoreductases/genetics* ; Phenotype ; Rifampin ; Whole Genome Sequencing

Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification* ; B-Lymphocytes/virology* ; COVID-19/virology* ; Humans ; Immunity/genetics* ; RNA, Viral/immunology* ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity* ; Single-Cell Analysis