The small RNAs include siRNA and miRNA. SiRNA is the splicing product of exogenous dsRNA by which to keep genome stability, while miRNA are processed from endogenous genome and work as a post-transcriptional regulator for gene expression. The small RNAs act in two ways: mediate degradation of of target RNA and inhibit translation of protein. The former requires the accurate complementation between small RNA and target RNA, while the latter requires only partial complementation. Which mechanism used depends on complementation degree, but not their origins. The RNAi as a technique for down-regulating target gene expression has been widely used in functional genomic studies and hematologic studies, especially for translocation-related fusion gene, apoptosis-related gene and MDR gene in leukemia. The results show that RNAi technique not only is the powerful tool for study mechanism but also has therapeutic potentials in clinic. Some studies reveal that changes of miRNA expression exist in many hematological malignancies and relate to known oncogenes, which indicates the miRNA is involved in pathogenesis of these diseases. This article reviews the discovery and effect of RNAi and small RNAs, as well as the similarities and differences between siRNA and miRNA, and focuses on the research of small RNAs in hematological malignancies.
Hematologic Neoplasms ; genetics ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; RNA ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

Animals ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

Circular RNAs (circRNAs),a group of highly conserved small RNAs,are characterized by a closed circular structure from precursor linear RNA through reverse splicing.They are powerful regulators of the physiological and pathological processes in organisms at different development stages.Zebrafish can be used for the high-throughput drug screening with low cost.Thus,the circRNAs associated with development and inflammation can be mined from zebrafish.Recently,a variety of circRNAs in zebrafish have been identified and characterized.Studies have proved that circRNAs play a vital role in the development and inflammation of zebrafish.The paper summarizes the classification,characteristics,and biological functions of circRNAs,and reviews the research progress in zebrafish's circRNAs.
Animals ; Inflammation ; RNA/genetics* ; RNA, Circular ; Zebrafish/genetics*

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous, covalently closed, single-stranded RNA without 3'-poly(A) and 5'-cap structures. CircRNAs are characterized by universality, diversity, stability and conservation, and have been found to regulate mammalian transcription and be translated into proteins. In this review, we summarized the biogenesis, classification, expression, distribution, biological functions and regulation of circRNAs. In addition, we discussed the association of circRNAs with diseases and the methods for identification and characterization of circRNAs. Finally, we speculated the application prospect and research direction of circRNAs.
Animals ; RNA ; genetics ; Research ; trends

Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of vital importance for various biological processes, and dysregulation of lncRNAs is frequently associated with various diseases such as psoriasis. LncRNAs modulate gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels; however, the specific regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in psoriasis remain largely unexplored. This review provides an overview of recent studies investigating mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs in psoriasis, especially focusing on the role of lncRNAs in keratinocytes, T cells, and dendritic cells.
Humans ; Psoriasis/genetics* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics*

Lung cancer is one of the most important malignant tumors of human health and life in the world, and is the leading cause of death in the world. At present, it is believed that it is caused by many factors. Circular RNA (circRNA), as a class of non-coding RNA family, has covalently closed loop structure. CircRNA is abundant in different cells. CircRNAs due to the special structure, with a high degree of specificity, conservation and stability, may have a potential clinical value in the development of lung cancer. The biological function of circRNA is multi-faceted, including miRNA sponge, transcriptional and alternative splicing, protein coding , and so on. Currently, the role and mechanism of circRNA in lung cancer is not very clear. In this paper, the characteristics, function, mechanism and the role of circRNAs in the occurrence and development of lung cancer are reviewed.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; RNA ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the regulatory effect of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) on type H vessels angiogenesis of bone. METHODS: Recent domestic and foreign related literature about the regulation of ncRNA in type H vessels angiogenesis was widely reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: Type H vessels is a special subtype of bone vessels with the ability to couple bone formation. At present, the research on ncRNA regulating type H vessels angiogenesis in bone diseases mainly focuses on microRNA, long ncRNA, and small interfering RNA, which can affect the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor 1α, platelet derived growth factor BB, slit guidance ligand 3, and other factors through their own unique ways of action, thus regulating type H vessels angiogenesis and participating in the occurrence and development of bone diseases. CONCLUSION At present, the mechanism of ncRNA regulating bone type H vessels angiogenesis has been preliminarily explored. With the deepening of research, ncRNA is expected to be a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular related bone diseases.
Humans ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics* ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; Bone Diseases/genetics* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; RNA, Small Interfering

Metastases account for the overwhelming majority of cancer-associated deaths. The dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor to distant organs involves a complex process known as the invasion-metastasis cascade. The underlying biological mechanisms of metastasis, however, remain largely elusive. Recently, the discovery and characterization of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have revealed the diversity of their regulatory roles, especially as key contributors throughout the metastatic cascade. Here, we review recent progress in how three major types of ncRNAs (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs) are involved in the multistep procedure of metastasis. We further examine interactions among the three ncRNAs as well as current progress in their regulatory mechanisms. We also propose the prevention of metastasis in the early stages of cancer progression and discuss current translational studies using ncRNAs as targets for metastasis diagnosis and treatments. These studies provide insights into developing more effective strategies to target metastatic relapse.
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics* ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics* ; MicroRNAs ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Circular/genetics*

OBJECTIVETo construct a lentiviral RNA interference system targeting heparanase (HPSE) based on miR30 and to test its silencing effect.

METHODSThree heparanase-shRNA structures were designed based miR30. The targeting fragments were obtained by PCR, then inserted into the vector LV PP-GFP to construct the recombinant lentiviral vector LV PP-GFP/miR-HPSE-shRNA, which was identified by PCR and sequencing. The 293T cells were co-transfect with LV PP-GFP/miR-HPSE-shRNA, pHelper 1.0 vector and pHelper 2.0 vector to produce lentiviruses, with which A375 cells were infected. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression of heparanase RNA and protein.

RESULTSThe lentiviral miR30-based RNAi vector targeting heparanase was constructed and confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that the expression levels of both heparanase mRNA and protein in infected A375 cells were decreased significantly than those in control group.

CONCLUSIONThe lentiviral miR30-based RNAi vector targeting heparanase was been constructed successfully, which can be used for further study on RNAi-mediated oncolytic viruses.

Genetic Vectors ; Glucuronidase ; genetics ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

Accumulating studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), functioning as important regulators of transcription and translation, are involved in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, especially the maternal immune adaptation process. The endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), trophoblast cells, and decidua immune cells that reside at the maternal-fetal interface are thought to play significant roles in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-associated diseases. Here, we reviewed the up-to-date evidence on how microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA regulate ESCs, trophoblast cells, and immune cells and discussed the potential applications of these ncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in pregnancy complications.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; RNA, Circular/genetics* ; Trophoblasts ; Pregnancy Complications/genetics*