OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Staphylococcal peptidoglycan (PGN-sa) on raw264.7 cells differentiating into osteoclasts.

Objective To study the effects of ropivacaine on the duration of labor and mode of delivery in the primigravidas using patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). Methods Retrospective analysis was performed. The 190 healthy, full-term, and single-fetus parturient primigravidas who received PCEA with 0.1% ropivacaine+fentanyl (1 ?g/ml ) were in the epidural analgesia group. Another 222 primigravidas who didnot receive PCEA were in the control group. The duration of labor and modes of delivery, and the neonatal Apgar scores in both two groups were recorded and evaluated. Results Those in the epidural analgesia group experienced a significantly longer first stage [(426?161) minutes], longer second stage [(54?27) minutes] and longer full duration of delivery [(489?166) minutes] than those in the control one [(409?170) minutes, (364?167) minutes and (37?22) minutes]. The rate of using pitocin in the epidural analgesia group (30.2 %) was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.1%). The cesarean section rate in epidural analgesia group (20.0 %) was lower than that in the control one (28.4%); while the rate of instrumental delivery in the epidural analgesia group (20.0%) was significantly higher than that in the control one (6.3%). In summary, there were significant differences between two groups in the duration of labor, the rate of using pitocin, the rate of instrumental delivery and the rate of cesarean section. But there were no differences found for those newborn who had Apgar scores less than 7 at the point of both one and five minutes (7.9% and 4.5%, 2.6% and 0.5% respectively). Conclusion Epidural ropivacaine labor analgesia lengthens the duration of labor and increases the rate of instrumental delivery, but it has no significant negative effects on the neonates.

AIM:To investigate the pathologic role of aldosterone and protective effect of aldosterone receptor antagonist on peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis rats .METHODS:A peritoneal fibrosis rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide ( at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d, 0.6 mg/kg) and dialysate ( daily intraperitoneal injection of 4.25%dialysate, 100 mL/kg).At the same time, spironolactone (an aldosterone receptor antagonist , 100 mg? kg -1? d-1 ) was given to the model rats .After 4 weeks, the expression of aldosterone synthase CYP 11B2, 11β-hydrox-ysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR), and inflammatory factors were detected by immunohistochemistry , real-time PCR and Western blotting .RESULTS:The rat model of peritoneal fibrosis was suc-cessfully established .At the same time, the injury of mesothelial cells , deposition of collagen fibers and thickness of perito-neal were increased .Moreover , the infiltration of macrophages in the peritoneum/dialysate was increased .The level of al-dosterone and the expression of MCR , 11β-HSD2 and CYP11B2 in fibrotic peritoneum were obviously up-regulated as com-pared with normal rats .The expression of NF-κB/MCP-1 was also increased .However , treatment with spironolactone alle-viated peritoneal fibrosis and reduced the expression of NF-κB/MCP-1.CONCLUSION:Local aldosterone is involved in the process of peritoneal fibrosis via NF-κB/MCP-1 pathway.Spironolactone alleviates peritoneal fibrosis of peritoneal dial-ysis.

ICU is a special department for critically ill person.For the reasons of the closed-type of administration and the peculiar psychological state of patient,some ethics issues came out.The patients and their relative can't receive the due respect and humanism care,and the ethics issue hasn't drawn enough attention.The author holds that to solve the ethical problems in the administration,we should pay attention to the basic principle of ethics of life,reinforce the humanistic morals of the medical personnel in ICU,and apply the principle of people first in clinic.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reversal effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting MDR1 and MDR3 genes on the resistance of MCF-7/ADR cells to adriamycin. siRNA plasmid vector targeting MDR1 and MDR3 genes was transfected into MCF-7/ADR cells, and then was stained with Annexin-V FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated) to detect the early stage cell apoptosis by flow cytometry (FCM). 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of adriamycin for MCF-7/ADR cells was determined by MTT method. MDR1 and MDR3 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR. Treatment of MCF-7/ADR cells with the two kinds of siRNAs resulted in a reversal of adriamycin resistance of MDR to different extents. 1) The apoptosis efficiency of MDR1 and MDR3 siRNA vector after transfection was (18.21+/-1.65) % and (9.07+/-2.16) % respectively (P<0.05), and there was significant differences in the apoptosis efficiency between pSuppressor Neo vector and the MDR1siRNA or MDR3 siRNA vector (P<0.01); 2) The reversal effect of MDR1 siRNA is higher than that of MDR3 siRNA (P<0.05); 3) The expression of MDRI and MDR3 mRNA can be restrained by pSuppressor Neo MDR1 and MDR3 siRNA respectively, and the reduction in the mRNA level was in a time-dependent manner (P<0.01). MDR1 and MDR3 gene silencing can enhance intracellular adriamycin accumulation in MCF-7/ADR cells, improve sensitivity of MCF-7/ADR cells to adriamycin, and induce cell apoptosis. The reversal effect of adriamycin resistance by siRNA of MDR1 was more effective than that of MDR3.

The expression of Aurora B in normal endometria and endometrial carcinomas and its relation with clinicopathologic parameters of endometrial carcinomas were investigated. Streptavidin-biotin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of Aurora B in 10 cases of normal proliferative phase endometria, 10 cases of normal secretory phase endometria and 72 cases of endometrial carcinomas respectively. According to the 1988 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade, there were 37 patients in grade 1, 23 in grade 2 and 12 in grade 3 respectively. According to the FIGO stage, there were 59 patients in stage I-II and 13 patients in stage III-IV. Aurora B was expressed in both normal proliferative phase endometria, secretory phase endometria and endometrial carcinomas, but its positive labeling index (PLI) in proliferative phase endometria was significantly higher than that in secretory phase endometria (P<0.01) and endometrial carcinomas (P<0.01). The PLI of Aurora B was lower in tumors with well differentiation (G(1)), low surgical staging (I-II), and 1/2 myometrial invasion (all P<0.01). Aurora B exerts its functions in the replication of normal endometrial glandular cells; Expression of Aurora B is significantly correlated with biologic behavior of endometrial carcinoma, indicating that Aurora B may be a promising prognostic factor in endometrial carcinoma.
Carcinoma/*metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Endometrial Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Endometrium/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*biosynthesis

Objective To explore the method of primary culture and biological characteristics of aortic vascular smooth mus-cle cells (VSMC)in mice,providing experimental material for cellular and molecular scientific research of vascular disease. Methods Thoracic and abdominal aortas in mice were isolated and VSMC were obtained by using improved method of tissue piece inoculation.Digested with trypsin and passaged,VSMC were purified with differential adherence method.The conditions of cellular morphology and growth were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope,and VSMC were identified with hematoxylin-eosin (HE)staining and immunofluorescence.Results VSMC were isolated successfully and grown vigorously with good bioactivity,the cells had a radial or typicalpeak-valleylike growth,and showed fusiform,abundant cytoplasm with large and round or oval nucle-us by HE staining,the expressions of specific cytoplasmicα-smooth muscle actin were positive by immunofluorescence stain.Conclu-sion It can isolate and cultivate VSMC with high purity and good activity under in vitro conditions with simple,economical,reliable method.

Objective To evaluate the role of protein kinase Cα( PKCα)?nuclear factor E2?related factor 2 ( Nrf2)?heme oxygenase?1 ( HO?1) signaling pathway on endotoxic shock?induced acute lung injury ( ALI) in rabbits. Methods Thirty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits, aged 2 months, weighing 2?0-2?5 kg, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table: normal control group ( group C);ALI group ( group ALI);PKCα inhibitor chelerythrine group ( group CHE) . In group CHE, chelerythrine 8 mg∕kg ( in 0?5 ml of DMSO) was injected intraperitoneally, and 30 min later, LPS 5 mg∕kg ( in 2 ml of normal saline) was injected via the auricular vein to induce ALI in ALI and CHE groups. The rabbits were then sacrificed at 6 h after injection of LPS or normal saline, and the lungs were removed for examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of wet∕dry lung weight ratio ( W∕D ratio) , and the expression of Nrf2 and HO?1 protein and mRNA. Results Compared with group C, the pathological score and W∕D ratio were significantly increased, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO?1 protein and mRNA was up?regulated in ALI and CHE groups. The pathological score and W∕D ratio were significantly higher, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO?1 protein and mRNA was lower in group CHE than in group ALI. Conclusion The PKCα?Nrf2?HO?1 signaling pathway is one of the endogenous protective mechanisms underlying endotoxic shock?induced ALI in rabbits.

OBJECTIVETo apply single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray for delineation of small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in two newborns.

METHODChromosome karyotyping was performed on newborns who were born in Jan. 2013 and Jan. 2014 in Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital because of the abnormalities found in pregnancy checkups. SNP microarray analysis was carried out on 2 newborns with de novo sSMCs (one was mos 47,XY, + mar[45]/46,XY[5] and the other was mos 47, XY, + mar [30]/46, XY [20]), which could not be determined by conventional banding techniques. Genomic DNA was extracted from cord blood samples, amplified, tagged and hybridized following the manufacturer' s protocol. Data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTThere was a 78. 6 Mb duplication in chromosome 8 for Newborn A, which was associated with 8p22 duplication syndrome; and a 32. 7 Mb duplication in chromosome 13 for Newborn B, which was not yet reported definitely as pathogenic. The newborn A was identified with agenesis of the corpus callosum, obvious right eyelid drooping, the onset of low muscle tone and mental developmental lag behind their peers, while the newborn B had normal findings on physical and mental evaluation.

CONCLUSIONSNP-array can identify sSMCs of newborns at the DNA level, and can be used as an important supplement to the conventional karyotype analysis, but the pathogenicity of positive outputs need further verification.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of osteoclast differentiation induced by staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA-sa). Methods Raw264.7 cells were treated with LTA-sa in a concentration of 200 ng/mL for 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 min and 0, 1, 2, 3 days respectively, and the proteins in signaling pathways associated with osteoclast differentiation were measured with western blot. In addition, Raw264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of LTA-sa (100, 200 and 400 ng/mL) and PBS for 0, 1, 2, 3 days, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 was detected with Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (1)Western blot showed that, under stimulation of LTA-sa, IκB-α decreased at 5 min and 10 min, while the phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB increased at 10 min . In addition , NFATc1 increased in 2 and 3 days gradually. The above results were statistically analyzed, and the difference was significant in statistics (P < 0.001). (2)ELISA showed that the expression of IL-6 increased in 2 and 3 days along with the increasing concentration and prolonging stimulation time of LTA-sa. Data were statistically analyzed, the difference was significant in statistics (P < 0.001). Conclusion LTA-sa promotes osteoclast differentiation through the NF-κB signaling pathway and the secretion of IL-6.