Objective To investigate the water equivalent of two solid water phantoms.Methods The X-ray and electron beam depth-ion curves were measured in water and two solid water phantoms,RW3 and Virtual Water.The water-equivalency correction factors for the two solid water phantoms were compared.We measured and calculated the range sealing factors and the fluence correction factors for the two solid water phantoms in the case of electron beams. Results The average differenee between the measurled ionization in solid water phantoms and water was 0.42%and 0.16%on 6 MV X-ray(t=-6.15.P=0.001and t=-1.65,P=0.419)and 0.21%and 0.31%on 10 MV X-ray(t=1.728,P=0.135 and t=-2.296,P=0.061),with 17.4%and 14.5%on 6 MeV electron beams(t=-1.37.P=0.208 and t=-1.47,P=0.179)and 7.0%and 6.0%on 15 MeV electron beams(t=-0.58.P=0.581 and t=-0.90,P=0.395).The water-equivalency correction factors for the two solid water Dhantoms varied slightly largely,F=58.54,P=0.000 on 6 MV X-ray,F=0.211.P=0.662 on 10 MV X.ray,F=0.97.P=0.353 on 6 MeV electron beams,F=0.14,P=0.717 on 15 MeV electron beams.However,they were almost equal to 1 near the referenee depths.The two solid water phantoms showed a similar tread of Cpl increasing(F=26.40,P=0.014)and hpl decreasing(F=7.45,P=0.072)with increasing energy.Conclusion The solid water phantom should undergo a quality control test before being clinical use.

Objective To evaluate the dosimetric differences of one RapidPlan Model on different Radiotherapy devices.Methods A RapidPlan Model was built based on 30 reoptimization IMRT plans of cervical cancer patients on typeA LA.Dosimetric differences of automatic optimized IMRT plans using this model on 4 different type LAs,named respectivelyA,B,C andD,were compared with 12 test cervical cancer cases.These four LAs were well commissioned in the treatment planning system (TPS).Student t test was applied for statistical analysis on dosimetric differences.Results Dosimetric differences between A vs.B,C and D were observed on Dmean,HI,CI of PTV50 and PTV45,as well as on V50,V40,V30 of rectum and bladder.Significant dosimetric differences were observed between A and D (P<0.05).Conclusions Automatic planning with RapidPlan model may result in dosimetric differences on different Radiotherapy devices.These differences should be aware of with caution in its clinical application.

Objective To study the scattering effect of Co-Cr-Mo hip prosthesis which was high Z material for patients undergoing pelvic irradiation.Methods The hip prosthesis was set in water phantom (30 cm×30 cm×30 cm), determing points were chosen on the entrance side of both 6 MV and 10 MV beams at the distance of 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 2.0 cm to the hip prosthesis, and also on the exit side of both 6 MV and 10 MV beams at the distance of 3.0 cm, 5.0 cm, 7.0 cm to the hip prostheses.Dose behind the hip prosthesis at depths of 5.0 cm and 10.0 cm for 6 MV and 10 MV beams are also measured.ResultsThe dose deviation on the beams′ entrance side is between 0 to 5.0%, the backscatter effect was more obviously with the higher energy beam.The dose deviation on the beams′ exit side was between 21.6%-30.8%.With the same field size and depth, dose deviation becomes smaller when the beam energy was higher;while with the same energy and depth, dose deviation becomes smaller when the field size was bigger.Dose profiles behind the head of the hip prosthesis indicate obvious attenuation of the beam.Conclusions Beam arrangements that avoid the prosthesis should be considered first or we should at least reduce the weight of the beam that pass through the prosthesis.

Objective To construct the prokaryotic expression plasmid of human prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA),to induce the expression of GST-PSCA fusion protein in E. coli BL21,and to identify the purified recombinant fusion protein. Methods The fragment of PSCA gene was amplified by PCR,and then cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector. The transitional plasmid Teasy-PSCA was identified by DNA sequencing. The PSCA gene was digested from the plasmid Teasy-PSCA by restrictive enzyme BamH I and Sal I,and then inserted into the pET42a vector which contains a glutathione s-transterase (GST) tag. Following the double restriction enzyme digestion,the recombinant plasmid pET42a-PSCA was obtained and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of GST-PSCA fusion protein was induced with IPTG. The recombinant fusion protein was purified by passing over a Glutathione Sepharose 4B column,and was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Results The length of amplified PSCA gene fragment was consistent with that expected,and the sequence was correct as exemplified by the PSCA gene reported in GenBank. The result of enzyme digestion indicated that the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET42a-PSCA was successfully constructed. After transformation with pET42a-PSCA and induction with IPTG,the recombinant target protein of about 43kD was obtained. The GST-PSCA fusion protein was correctly identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Conclusions The prokaryotic expression plasmid of human PSCA gene has been successfully constructed. The GST-PSCA fusion protein may express and be purified in E. coli BL21,and it lays a foundation for further study on the anti-prostate cancer gene vaccine.

Objective To explore the antibacterial active components of Flos Caryophylii. Methods The components were distilled by extraction and big - hole colophony. The minimum antibacterial concentration of components was detected. Results and conclusion The and - staphylococcus aureus active components of of Flos Caryophylii. include fat - soluble ingredients and water - soluble ingredients.

Objeetive: To learn the epidemic status of COVID-19 in some high-epidemic countries, so as to provide reference for prevention and control of imported COVID-19 in China. Methods: We collected the data of all the countries who totally reported over ten thousand cases of COVID-19 by March 29, 2020, and analyzed the epidemic trend by using the incidence rate, the case fatality rate, the five-day moving average time dependent reproduction number (Rt) as well as the average daily increase rate. Results : Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, France, lran, UK, USA and China were inchuded in the analysis. Spain( 15.46/100 000), Switzerland(15.44/100 000) and Italy ( 15.30/100 000)ranked top three in the incidence rate of COVID-19. Italy (10.84%), Spain (7.88%) andlan (7.11%) ranked top three in the case atality rate. By March27, the values of five-day moving average Rt in USA, UK, Iran, Spain and France were all more than one. The average daily increase rate in China had changed negative since March 6. The average daily increase rates in the other eight countries ranged from 41.58% to 18.17%, and the trend was slow down from March 20 to 29, among which Germany, Switzerland and Italy had the largest decline of 35.60%, 29.76% and 25.56%, respectively Conclusions By March 29, the epidemie situation of COVID-19 in China was under controls; the situations in ltaly, Germany and Switzerland tended to be stable; while the situations in USA, UK, Iran, Spain and France maintained an upward tmend.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness for the construction of "mosquito-free village" in Xuejia Village, Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the guidance for the construction of "mosquito-free village" in other rural areas. Methods: Density of adult mosquitoes in Xuejia Village was investigated using light trap method and density of larval mosquitoes was investigated using larval straw method from April to November each year. Totally 30 households of villagers were randomly selected, and their awareness rates of mosquito control knowledge, mosquito control behavior forming rates and satisfaction rates were surveyed through questionnaires. Investment during construction (from August 2016 to December 2018) and maintenance period (from 2019 to 2023) of "mosquito-free village" were investigated through data review and interviews. Long-term effects of "mosquito-free village" construction in Xuejia Village were evaluated in terms of mosquito density from 2016 to 2023, effectiveness of health education for villagers, satisfaction and investment. Results: Compared with the year 2016, the densities of adult and larval mosquitoes in Xuejia Village were significantly decreased from 2017 to 2023. The average monthly density of adult mosquitoes in 2023 decreased by 98.34%, and the average monthly 100 household index of larval mosquitoes decreased by 98.45% compared to 2016. The average monthly density of adult mosquitoes from 2019 to 2023 was less than or equal to one mosquito per light trap in a night, and the average monthly 100 household index of larval mosquitoes was less than or equal to five places per 100 households. The awareness rate of mosquito control knowledge was 93.33%, the behavior forming rate was 86.67%, and the satisfaction rate was 90.00%. By December 2023, the total investment during construction and maintenance period was 450 thousand Yuan, with an average annual investment of 60.7 thousand Yuan and average annual investment of 206.61 Yuan per household. The average annual investment during maintenance period was 36.2 thousand Yuan, and the average annual investment per household was 109.70 Yuan. Conclusion The mosquito density, effectiveness of health education for villagers and satisfaction of "mosquito-free village" in Xuejia Village all meet the evaluation criteria of "mosquito-free village", and the investment is reasonable, making it suitable for promotion to other rural areas.

In order to prove that ectopic over-expression of Pim-2 could induce malignant transformation of human liver cell line L02, three groups of cells were set up including human liver cell line L02 (L02), L02 cells transfected with Pim-2 gene (L02/Pim-2) and L02 cells transfected with empty-vector (L02/Vector). Pim-2 expression levels were detected. The morphology, proliferation level, apoptosis rate and migration ability of the cells were detected respectively. Then the cells were subcutaneously inoculated into athymic mice and the microstructures of the neoplasm were observed. Compared with the controls, Pim-2 expression levels were significantly higher in L02/Pim-2 cells (P<0.05), and their morphology had obvious malignant changes. They also showed a significantly increased proliferation rate (P<0.05) and migration capacity (P<0.05), as well as a significantly decreased apoptosis rate (P<0.05). Only the athymic mice inoculated with L02/Pim-2 cells could generate neoplasm, and the morphology of the neoplasm coincided with that of the hepatoma. The results manifest that ectopic Pim-2 gene could be stably expressed in L02/Pim-2 cells. Both the morphological and biological changes of L02/Pim-2 cells demonstrate the trend of malignant transformation. L02/Pim-2 cells could generate hepatoma in athymic mice. In conclusion, Pim-2 could induce malignant transformation of human liver cell line L02.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Liver/pathology/physiology ; *Liver Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; *Oncogenes ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism

In order to investigate biological functions of the 14-3-3 genes and their response to abiotic stress, two cDNAs (designated as Ta14R1 and Ta14R2) encoding putative 14-3-3 proteins were isolated from wheat by PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) technique. The cDNA of Ta14R1 is 999bp and encodes a protein of 262 amino acids, while the cDNA of Ta14R2 is 897bp in length and encodes a protein of 261 amino acids. Transient expression assays using Ta14R1/Ta14R2-GFP fusion constructs indicated that Ta14R1 and Ta14R2 were located in cytoplasm and cell membrane but not in chloroplasts. Real-time quantitative (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that Ta14R1 and Ta14R2 were differentially expressed in wheat tissues and significantly up-regulated in roots and shoots 1d after germination, indicating they may play a role in process of seed germination. The expression of the two genes in roots and leaves were significantly induced by plant hormone ABA, as well as heat, cold and drought treatments, suggesting that the two 14-3-3 genes in wheat may be involved in ABA dependent stress-responding pathway and response to heat, cold and drought stress.
14-3-3 Proteins ; genetics ; Abscisic Acid ; pharmacology ; DNA, Complementary ; Droughts ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Germination ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; physiology ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; Temperature ; Triticum ; genetics ; physiology

Objective:To evaluate the dosimetric effect of multi-leaf collimator (MLC) position error on dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (dMLC-IMRT), aiming to provide guidance for the establishment of MLC quality control accuracy and operation tolerance.Methods:In the phantom study, the virtual water phantom established in the treatment planning system (TPS), and three dynamic sliding window test fields with gap width of 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm were designed. Clinical treatment plans of 7 common tumor types were extracted, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, glioma, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, with 6 cases in each. MLC errors were introduced into the copy from original plan to generate the simulation plans. MLC errors included systematic open/close error, systematic deviation error and random error. The dosimetric differences between the original and simulation plans were compared.Results:The phantom study showed that the symbol of dose deviation was the same as that of systematic open/close error, and the value was increased with the increase of MLC error and decreased with the increase of gap width. The results of patient study showed that the systematic open/close error had a significant effect on dosimetry, the target volume dose sensitivities of different plans were 7.258-13.743%/mm, and were negatively correlated with the average field width. The dosimetric deviation caused by the systematic shift error below 2 mm was less than 2%. The dosimetric change caused by the random error below 2 mm could be neglected in clinical treatment.Conclusions:The minimal gap width should be limited in TPS, whereas the quality control of MLC should be strengthened. In addition, for the dynamic intensity-modulated treatment technology, 2 mm random error was suggested to be the operation tolerance during treatment delivery, and 0.2 mm alignment accuracy on each side (or 0.4 mm unilateral) is recommended to be the MLC quality control accuracy to ensure the dose accuracy of radiotherapy for different tumors.