This study is to explore the amelioration of piperine on chronic acute combining stress rat with depression-like behavior, visceral sensitivity, and its effect on the expression of serotonin (5-HT) and synaptophysin. Forty two SD rats were divided into seven groups: blank group, model group, piperine (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mgkg-1, ig) and imipramine (10 mgkg-1, ip) groups. The rat model of irritable bowel syndrome was established by chronic acute combining stress, and then to evaluate depression-like behavior and visceral sensitivity. The expressions of 5-HT and synaptophysin in the hippocampus and colon were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Western blotting, respectively. The duration of immobility of IBS rat in the forced swimming test had been significantly increased, the sucrose consumption of IBS rat had been reduced and visceral sensitivity was obviously elevated in the IBS model group as compared with those in the normal control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with those in the normal control group, the expression of 5-HT significantly decreased, 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio significantly increased in the hippocampus of IBS model group (P<0.05), but opposite presentations were noted in the colon (P<0.05). As compared with that in the normal control group, the synaptophysin expression in the hippocampus decreased significantly but obviously increased in the colon (P<0.05). Piperine improved the behavior of IBS rats, and reversed the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, and 5-HIAA/5-HT proportion in the hippocampus and colon (P<0.05); besides, they significantly reverse the synaptophysin level in the hippocampus and colon (P<0.05). The presence of depression and visceral sensitivity had been changed in IBS rats, with abnormal expression of 5-HT and synaptophysin in the brain-gut system. Piperine can ameliorate the changes of the behavior and regulation of serotonin and synaptophysin expression in IBS rat model.
Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Benzodioxoles ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Colon ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ; metabolism ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Motor Activity ; drug effects ; Piper nigrum ; chemistry ; Piperidines ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of digital gastrointestinal machine in emergency.Methods 1600 emergency patients accepted radiography with digital gastrointestinal machine.Rusults All cases were successful in examining with digital gastrointestinal machine.Conclusion Excellent digital film can be acquired by digital gastrointestinal machine.It meets the requirements in clinical emergency diagnosis.It is easy to operate and acceptable to patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of rapamycin on the proliferation of rat valvular interstitial cells in primary culture.

METHODSThe interstitial cells isolated from rat aortic valves were cultured and treated with rapamycin, and the cell growth and cell cycle changes were analyzed using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of S6 and P70S6K in cells, and the protein expressions level of S6, P70S6K, P-S6, and P-P70S6K were detected using Western blotting.

RESULTSRat aortic valvular interstitial cells was isolated successfully. The rapamycin-treated cells showed a suppressed proliferative activity (P<0.05), but the cell cycle distribution remained unaffected. Rapamycin treatment resulted in significantly decreased S6 and P70S6K protein phosphorylation level in the cells (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism by which rapamycin inhibits the proliferation of valvular interstitial cells probably involves suppression of mTOR to lower S6 and P70S6K phosphorylation level but not direct regulation of the cell cycle.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Heart Valves ; cytology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa ; metabolism ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe blood uric acid levels and Goldstein grading, as well as their correlation in Wilson's disease (WD) patients with different Chinese medical syndrome types.

METHODSTotally 906 WD patients in line with inclusive criteria were assigned to 6 groups, i.e., the heart spirit confused by phlegm group (HSCP, 26 cases), the phlegm-fire disturbing heart group (PFDH, 90 cases), the retention of damp-heat group (RDH, 113 cases), deficiency of qi and blood group (DQB, 168 cases), the deficiency of Gan-yin and Shen-yin group (DGYSY, 327 cases), the deficiency of Gan and Shen group (DGS, 182 cases) due to different Chinese medical syndrome types. Recruited were another 160 healthy subjects having similar ages and diet structures, who came for medical examinations, as the healthy control group. Venous blood was collected from the medial cubital vein of each-patient on an empty stomach in early mornings to detect blood uric acid levels. Results Blood uric acid levels were lower in each syndrome type group than in the healthy control group (146.08 +/- 67.24 micromol/L in the HSCP group; 157.08 +/- 69.77 micromol/L in the PFDH group; 162.58 +/- 97.72 micromol/L in the RDH group; 156.20 +/- 62.63 micromol/L in the DQB group; 161.83 +/- 111.23 micromol/L in the DGYSY group; 194.41 +/- 90.01 micromol/L in the DGS group; 242.39 +/- 87.55 micromol/L in the healthy control group, P < 0.01). Blood uric acid levels were higher in the DGYSY group than in the other 5 syndrome groups (P < 0.01). Correlation analyses between Goldstein grading and blood uric acid showed that, along with increased Goldstein grade (that was aggravating disease conditions), WD patients' blood uric acid levels decreased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSWD patient's blood uric acid levels decreased more. Blood uric acid levels and Goldstein grading were different in various Chinese medical syndrome types. Blood uric acid levels had certain value in assessing the severity of WD.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Heart ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; blood ; classification ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Syndrome ; Uric Acid ; blood

In this study, to investigate the effect on expression of IL-2 in lymphocytes from bone marrow and peripheral blood of normal donors after they were mobilized by G-CSF in allo-BMT, 7 normal donors bone marrow and peripheral blood were harvested before and after G-CSF administration. The separated lymphocytes were measured by FCM after they were stained intracellularly by anti-IL-2, and their expressions of IL-2 were compared. The degree of aGVHD in patients after bone marrow transplantation was evaluated clinically, and it was compared with the status of aGVHD of 15 patients whose donors didn't receive G-CSF administration in our department, and 2 groups of patients are comparable in age, types of diseases and status of donors. The results showed that the expression of IL-2 in lymphocytes in 7 G-CSF mobilized donors decreased significantly after G-CSF administration and more severe aGVHD than grade II didn't develop in these recipient patients, and comparing with 15 patients received the bone marrow from donors who didn't receive G-CSF, the incidence of aGVHD decreased. It is suggested that the expression of IL-2 in lymphocytes was influenced by donors' G-CSF administration, and it is likely that thereby reduces the incidence of aGVHD in patients after BMT.
Adult ; Blood Donors ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; biosynthesis ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male

BACKGROUNDObstructive sleep apnea is strongly associated with obesity, particularly abdominal obesity common in centrally obese males. Previous studies have demonstrated that intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is increased in morbid obesity, and tracheal traction forces may influence pharyngeal airway collapsibility. This study aimed to investigate that whether IAP plays a role in the mechanism of upper airway (UA) collapsibility via IAP-related caudal tracheal traction.

METHODSAn abdominal wall lifting (AWL) system and graded CO2pneumoperitoneum pressure was applied to four supine, anesthetized Guizhou miniature pigs and its effects on tracheal displacement (TD) and airflow dynamics of UA were studied. Individual run data in 3 min obtained before and after AWL and obtained before and after graded pneumoperitoneum pressure were analyzed. Differences between baseline and AWL/graded pneumoperitoneum pressure data of each pig were examined using a Student's t-test or analysis of variance.

RESULTSApplication of AWL resulted in decreased IAP and significant caudal TD. The average displacement amplitude was 0.44 mm (P < 0.001). There were three subjects showed increased tidal volume (TV) (P < 0.01) and peak inspiratory airflow (P < 0.01); however, the change of flow limitation inspiratory UA resistance (Rua) was not significant. Experimental increased IAP by pneumoperitoneum resulted in significant cranial TD. The average displacement amplitude was 1.07 mm (P < 0.001) when IAP was 25 cmH2O compared to baseline. There were three subjects showed reduced Rua while the TV increased (P < 0.01). There was one subject had decreased TV and elevated Rua (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSDecreased IAP significantly increased caudal TD, and elevated IAP significantly increased cranial TD. However, the mechanism of UA collapsibility appears primarily mediated by changes in lung volume rather than tracheal traction effect. TV plays an independent role in the mechanism of UA collapsibility.

Airway Resistance ; physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Lung Volume Measurements ; Obesity, Morbid ; physiopathology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; physiopathology ; Swine ; Tidal Volume ; physiology ; Trachea ; physiology

BACKGROUNDAccumulating evidence indicates a potential role of adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) dysfunction in the pathophysiology of restenosis. However, characterization of VV vascularization in restenotic arteries with primary lesions is still missing. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the response of adventitial VV to vascular injury resulting from balloon angioplasty in diseased arteries.

METHODSPrimary atherosclerotic-like lesions were induced by the placement of an absorbable thread surrounding the carotid artery of New Zealand rabbits. Four weeks following double-injury induced that was induced by secondary balloon dilation, three-dimensional patterns of adventitial VV were reconstructed; the number, density, and endothelial surface of VV were quantified using micro-computed tomography. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed in order to examine the development of intimal hyperplasia.

RESULTSResults from our study suggest that double injured arteries have a greater number of VV, increased luminal surface, and an elevation in the intima/media ratio (I/M), along with an accumulation of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the intima, as compared to sham or single injury arteries. I/M and the number of VV were positively correlated (R2 = 0.82, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSExtensive adventitial VV neovascularization occurs in injured arteries after balloon angioplasty, which is associated with intimal hyperplasia. Quantitative assessment of adventitial VV response may provide insight into the basic biological process of postangioplasty restenosis.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Animals ; Male ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; diagnosis ; Rabbits ; Vasa Vasorum ; physiology ; X-Ray Microtomography

BACKGROUNDOverexpression of G-protein coupled receptor 34 (GPR34) affects the progression and prognosis of human gastric adenocarcinoma, however, the role of GPR34 in gastric cancer development and progression has not been well-determined. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of GPR34 knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of HGC-27 gastric cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms.

METHODSThe expression of GPR34 in gastric cancer cell line HGC-27 was detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. HGC-27 cells were employed to construct the stable GPR34 knockdown cell model in this study. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were applied to validate the effect of short hairpin RNA (ShRNA) on the expression of GPR34 in HGC-27 gastric cells. The proliferation, migration of these cells were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and transwell. We also measured expression profile of PI3K/PDK1/AKT and ERK using Western blotting.

RESULTSThe ShRNA directed against GPR34 effectively inhibited both endogenous mRNA and protein expression levels of GPR34, and significantly down-regulated the expression of PIK3CB (P < 0.01), PIK3CD (P < 0.01), PDK1 (P < 0.01), phosphorylation of PDK1 (P < 0.01), Akt (P < 0.01), and ERK (P < 0.01). Furthermore, GPR34 knockdown resulted in an obvious reduction in HGC-27 cancer cell proliferation and migration activity (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSGPR34 knockdown impairs the proliferation and migration of HGC-27 gastric cancer cells in vitro and provides a potential implication for therapy of gastric cancer.

Apoptosis ; genetics ; physiology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Lysophospholipid ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEThe purpose was to analyze the effects of three sterilization methods (dry heat sterilization, steam sterilization, and chemical sterilization) on the corrosion of dental fissure bur.

METHODS200 dental fissure burs were distributed to 10 groups. Bending strength, elastic modulus, and torsional strength were measured by bending and torsional instrument and calculated with special designed software. Among the three sterilization methods, the steam sterilization group showed the most evident.

RESULTSThe corrosion was most severe in steam sterilization group, followed by chemical sterilization, dry heat sterilization. With the sterilization time increased, bending strength, elastic modulus, and torsional strength decreased respectively. Of the three sterilization methods, the mechanical properties were decreased most evidently by steam sterilization, followed by chemical sterilization and dry heat sterilization.

CONCLUSIONIt is proved that the bending strength, elastic modulus and torsional strength have a tight relationship with the corrosion of dental fissure burs. The corrosion was most severe in steam sterilization group, followed by chemical sterilization, dry heat sterilization. In regards of the corrosive effect, the dry heat sterilization might be the best way to sterilize the dental fissure burs.

Dental Fissures ; Dental High-Speed Equipment ; Dental Instruments ; Steam ; Sterilization

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to demyelination and eventually to neurodegeneration. Activation of innate immune cells and other inflammatory cells in the brain and spinal cord of people with MS has been well described. However, with the innovation of technology in glial cell research, we have a deep understanding of the mechanisms of glial cells connecting inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. In this review, we focus on the role of glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, in the pathogenesis of MS. We mainly focus on the connection between glial cells and immune cells in the process of axonal damage and demyelinating neuron loss.
Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Neuroglia ; Inflammation/pathology* ; Brain/pathology* ; Spinal Cord/pathology*