Mycophenolate acid is a novel immunosuppressive drug. Its target of action is the isomerⅡof inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase(IMPDH). It inhibits de nove purine synthesis and also decreases expression of adhesive molecule. It inhibits selectively the proliferation of lymphocyte, so that it has strong immunosuppressive effects on various rejections to allograft or xenograft, and on autoimmune diseases, and has the features of higher potency and lower toxicity.

Objective To investigate the effects of homocysteinemia (HHcy) and hypertension on left ventricular re?modeling. Methods A total of 275 patients with coronary heart disease were divided into four groups including H-type hy? pertension group (n=96), non-H-type hypertension group (n=44), HHcy+non-hypertension group (n=53) and control group (n=65) based on their blood pression levels and plasma HHcy levels. The serum levels of glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were compared between groups. The left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), ventricular septal thickness (IVST) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were observed in four groups. The proportion of patients with left ventricular remodeling was also compared between four groups. The influence fac?tors of left ventricular remodeling were analysed. Results There were no significant differences in biochemical parameters except Hcy level between frour groups. The values of LVMI, left ventricular wall thickness and the proportion of patients with left ventricular remodeling were significantly higher in H-type hypertension group than those of other three groups ( P<0.05). The Hcy level was positively correlated with LVMI and left ventricular wall thickness. Logistic regression analysis showed that HHcy and hypertension were the risk factors of left ventricular remodeling (OR=7.443, 7.754 and 9.948,P<0.05). The risk factors of left ventricular remodeling were higher in patients with both HHcy and hypertension than those in patients with HHcy or hypertension. Conclusion Homocysteine and higher systolic pressure are independent risk factors for left ventricular remodeling and they have a synergistic effect on leading to left ventricular remodeling.

Mycophenolate acid is a novel immunosuppressive drug. Its target of action is the isomerⅡof inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase(IMPDH). It inhibits de nove purine synthesis and also decreases expression of adhesive molecule. It inhibits selectively the proliferation of lymphocyte, so that it has strong immunosuppressive effects on various rejections to allograft or xenograft, and on autoimmune diseases, and has the features of higher potency and lower toxicity.[

AIM To explore the effects and mechanism of cobra venom serum on the proliferation in HL60 cells. METHODS Established the HL60 cells as a target to study the growth feature by the action of cobra venom serum.The agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analysis were used to demonstrate apoptosis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the cells were inhibited significantly by the action of cobra venom serum.A characteristic DNA "ladder" was detected by using agarose gel electrophoresis. By flow cytometry analysis,it was proved that most apoptosis of HL60 cells occurred when cultured with cobra venom serum. CONCLUSION Cobra venom serum inhibited the HL60 cells in vitro , which was related to apoptosis. This may introduce a new way to the treatment of leukemia.

Objectives To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of gastric submucosal tumors (GSMTs), and evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic treatment for GSMTs. Methods 61 patients with GSMTs were selected from June 2014 to September 2012 by endoscopy and ultrasonography;they were all treated by endoscopic therapy; pathological examination was took in all removed tumors, the tumors which could be the gastric stromal tumor were furtherly examined by molecular biology technique of immunohistochemistry. Result In 61 cas-es, 39 cases are female patients, accounting for 63.93%;the tumors located at the stomach fund accounted for 52.46%(32/61), at the gastric corpus for 21.31%(13/61), at the gastric antrum for 11.48 %(7/61), at cardia for 14.75%(9/61); 10 cases were treated by Endoscopic submucosal dissection, 21 by endoscopic submucosal excavation, 27 by Endoscopic full-thickness resection, 3 by Submucosal tunnelling endoscopic resection; in all 61 cases, 2 were changed to laparoscopic treatment because one tumor was too big and broke the Serous and another was located at mucus Lake of gastric fund, 1 occurred postoperative bleeding and was treated by laparoscopy successfully, 1 oc-curred postoperative perforation and was treated by endoscopy successfully; after pathological and immunohisto-chemical analysis, 34 tumors were identified as gastric stromal tumor and all of them in risk classification were at very low risk, 11 were leiomyoma, 5 were lipoma, 3 were heterotopic pancreas, 5 were calcifying fibrous pseudotu-mor, 2 were inflammatory fibroid polyps, and 1 was angiomatous proliferation; gastric stromal tumor at gastric fundus account for 73.53 % (25/34), at gastric corpus for 11.76 % (4/34), at gastric antrum for 5.88 % (2/34) and at cardia for 8.82 %(3/34). Conclusion Most GSMTs are found in female and commonly lack of specific clinical symptoms;GMSTs are commonly located at gastric fund and most of them are gastric stromal tumors, vast majority of gastric stromal tumors in the risk classification are at very low risk;the endoscopic resection is a mini-invasive, safe and ef-fective treatment for GSMTs.

BACKGROUND:Myocardial infarction leads to ischemic changes in the myocardium, triggering the emergence of ventricular remodeling, which is an important cause of death. Myocardial infarction is a common disease in the middle-aged and elderly population, but autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from these patients exhibit a weak ability of proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, a positive attempt of allogeneic stem cel transplantation is required in order to obtain better therapeutic outcomes. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of al ogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s from 10 neonatal rats and 10 adult rats were isolated, cultured and identified. Another 40 rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=10/group):model group, neonatal rat cel transplantation group, adult rat cel transplantation group, or sham group. Animal models of myocardial infarction were made in rats in the al groups except for the sham group in which the rats were given sham operation. Rats in the two cel transplantation groups were given the corresponding cel transplantation. Four weeks postoperatively, heart function of rats was detected in each group, and cardiac tissues were taken to detect changes in col agen formation and blood vessel density in the infarct area. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Four weeks after surgery, rats in the model group showed significant changes in cardiac function indexes as compared with the other groups (P<0.05), while compared with the model group, these cardiac function indexes improved in both two cel transplantation groups, but there was no significant difference between the two cell transplantation groups (P>0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the model group, significantly decreased collagen formation and increased blood vessel density were found in both two cell transplantation groups (P<0.05). Additionally, the vascular density of the infarct area was highest in the sham group (P<0.05). Experimental results show that both neonatal and adult rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can improve cardiac function of rats, reduce the formation of collagen in the infarct area and delay ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical application of antibiotics and the management of pathogen. METH-ODS:The clinical isolated bacteria in our hospital from 2011 to 2014 were identified and analyzed,and the amount of antibiotics in our hospital from 2011 to 2014 were analyzed. The operation and result of drug susceptibility test were in accordance with the standard of clinical laboratory standards institute(CLSI),using WHONET software for statistical processing. RESULTS:The main bacteria isolated in our hospital during 2011-2014 were as follows:constituent ratio of Escherichia coli were 14.93%,16.81%, 15.01% and 15.41%,respectively;that of Staphylococcus aureus were 9.84%,11.90%,9.83% and 7.17%,respectively;that of Acinetobacter baumannii were 9.00%, 9.95%, 14.24% and 18.64%, respectively;that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 12.36%,12.42%,14.20% and 15.48%,respectively. The main antibiotics used in our hospital during 2011-2014 were as fol-lows:the amount of piperacillin/tazobactam(2.25 g/a)were 4 685,12 610,13 639 and 14 542,respectively;that of cefepime (0.5 g/a)were 8 613,24 738,12 684 and 6 751,respectively;that of aztreonam(0.5 g/a)were 14 124,32 062,3 323 and 4 534,respectively;that of meropenem(0.5 g/a)were 2 291,5 436,6 813 and 5 341,repectively;that of levofloxacin(0.3 g/a) were 12 253,40 893,48 468 and 50 558,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:With the increase of antibiotics,susceptibility rate of main pathogen are gradually decreased;rational use of antibiotics plays an important role in decreasing the drug resistance.

Objective To survey the awareness rate of knowledge about vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in community physicians.Methods A questionnaire survey on the awareness of knowledge about VCI was conducted in 87 community physicians from 4 community hospitals in Beijing Chaoyang District from October to December 2012.Among all participants there were 27 males and 60 females with an average age of (39 ± 11) years,85％ (74/87)had college or university degrees,90％ (78/87) held primary or middle-level professional titles,41％ (36/87),of them were internists.Results All participants completed the questionnaire.The awareness rate about minor and major neurocognitive disorder was 39％ (60/87) ; the rates of various causes of dementia were 51％ (44/87)-100％ (87/87) and various symptoms of cognitive impairment were 79％ (69/87)-99 ％ (86/87),respectively.The awareness rate of cognitive impairment as initial symptom displayed in stroke was 54 ％ (47/87).The awareness rates of knowledge related to diagnosis and treatment of dementia were 57％ (50/87)-97％ (84/87) and 80％ (70/87)-100％ (87/87),respectively.The awareness rates about that Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies were not reversed by early treatment were 46％ (40/87)and 37％ (32/87),respectively.The awareness rates of vascular risk factors were 20％ (17/87)-100％ (87/87)and those about the mode of health education were 52％ (45/87)-95 ％ (83/87).There was 36％ (31/87) community physicians who thought that they possessed VCI-related knowledge.Conclusions The results of survey suggest that community physicians shall upgrade their knowledge of diagnosis and treatment for vascular cognitive impairment.

Objective To investigate the awareness rate of knowledge related with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in community residents in Shuangjing District,Beijing.Methods 5 communities were randomly selected from 12 communities in Shuangjing District.According to roster,512 residents were selected randomly.Among them,there were 197 males and 315 females with an average age of (64.71±8.22) years.87.9％ of subjects had junior high school culture and over.The awareness rate of knowledge related with VCI was investigated by questionnaires from January 2013 to March 2013.Results Although the awareness rate of knowledge related with vascular dementia was only 36.9％,the awareness rates of symptoms of impairment in memory,orientation,language,execution,calculation,visuospatial and judgement were 43.8％-89.3％.The awareness rates of four outpatient clinics among dementia patients were 21.5％-38.9％,however,the awareness rate of dementia which was not curable was 47.5％.The awareness rates of 5 risk factors for stroke were 54.5％-83.4％,but the awareness rate of cognition impairment caused by hypotension and hypoglycemia was 42.8％ and 43.2％,respectively.About VCI-related preventive knowledge,the awareness rates of VCI population with high risk factors,cognitive abilities screening,and primary prevention were 35.5％-95.5 ％.The main routes taking healthy knowledge were the television and newspapers with the awareness rate of 86.9％ and 60.2％,respectively.85.9％ of subjects agreed that healthy education was helpful to their life qualities.Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship of accumulated points of VCI-related knowledge with gender and education degree (P＜0.05).Conclusions The awareness rates of risk factors,diagnosis and therapy and primary prevention for VCI are lower in Shuangjing community,and the health education about VCI should be strengthened.

Objective To compare radiation dose and image quality of prospectively ECG-triggered sequence acquisition mode and Flash(high-pitch spiral acquisition)mode in DSCT angiography of children with congenital heart disease.Methods Sixty children with clinically suspected congenital heart disease and undertook DSCT prospectively ECG-triggered scan were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups.The Flash mode and prospective sequence scanning mode were applied in group A and B,respectively.The CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP),effective dose(E),and image quality were compared between two groups.Refered to surgery or cardiac angiography(DSA),the diagnostic coincidence rates were compared between two groups.Results The CTDIvol in group A and B was(0.32 ± 0.10)and(1.40 ± 0.43)mGy(t=13.32,P＜0.05),respectively.The DLP was(6.46 ±1.92)and(17.91 ±4.80)mGy·cm(t=7.97,P＜0.05).E was(0.19±0.05)and(0.45±0.12)mSv (t=16.64,P＜0.05).The image quality score in group A(4.03 ± 1.15)was higher than that in group B (3.13 ± 1.38)(t=3.55,P＜0.05).The total diagnostic coincidence rates were 100％(A)and 93％ (B).But the deformity diagnostic coincidence rates in group A(91％)was higher than that in group B (75％)(x2=7.72,P＜0.05).Conclusions In DSCT diagnosis of congenital heart disease in children,using flash scan mode can reveal more cardiac deformities than using prospective sequence scanning mode,and could reduce the radiation dose.