Objective: To understand cognition and willingness of EV71 vaccination among parents of children, so as to provide scientific basis for vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (census) was adopted. A questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of 2 783 preschool children from 12 kindergartens to analyze the parents’ cognition towards EV71 vaccine and willingness of vaccination of EV71 vaccine. Results: Among the 2 783 parents surveyed, 1 843 heard of EV71 vaccine. The parents’ awareness rate of EV71 vaccine was 51.9%. The main source of EV71 vaccinerelated information was obtained through hospitals(n=887), followed by schools(n=752). 1 014 received EV71 vaccine. The main reason of EV71 vaccination was that vaccine was believed to be effective in preventing hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) (76.1%), while the main reason for unwillingness for vaccination was lack of knowledge(31.7%). And 2 478 considered that EV71 vaccine should be included in planned immunization. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that children in public schools(OR=0.72, 95%CI=0.59-0.89), mothers from urban residents(OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.64-0.90), parents lack of EV71 vaccine awareness(OR=0.42,95%CI=0.35-0.49), and perceived high price of EV71 vaccine (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.47-0.92) had a low vaccination rate. Higher EV71 vaccination rate was related to children’ status as baby class (OR=2.55,95%CI=1.18-5.52),bottom class (OR=2.24,95%CI=1.54-3.24) and middle class(OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.05-2.15)(P<0.05). Conclusion EV71 vaccination in preschool children in our jurisdiction was relatively high. School type, mother’s household registration, children’s grade and the parental percption of EV71 vaccine price are the main factors influencing EV71 vaccine vaccination in preschool children.