Objective The ex vivo cytotoxicity of Ceramicrete-based root-end filling materials were tested to lay the experimental foundation for clinical application.Methods The mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activities of a rat osteoblast-like cell line ( Ros 17/2.8 ) to ceramicrete-based root-end filling materials were examined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay.Ultrastructural change of cells was observed under Transmission electron microscopy( TEM ).Set Ceramicrete-based materials immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 24 h were examined with scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ).Results Ceramicrete-based root-end filling materials exhibited severe toxicity in the first stage,relative cell proliferation rates ranged from 0.95％ to 2.45％.After which toxicity decreased rapidly over time,mild toxicity was exhibited in the second stage with cell proliferation rates ranging from 73.65％ -88.62％.Nontoxicity was achieved in the sixth stage with cell proliferation rates ranging from 91.53％ -97.25％.TEM of cells exposed to the Ceramicretes for different time-periods revealed variable degrees of cell injury that were consistent with the MTT results.SEM of the set Ceramicrete-based materials immersed in SBF revealed the presence of needle-shaped crystallites over the material surfaces.Conclusions The experimental Ceramicrete-based materials exhibited good biocompatibility and potential bioactivity.