Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Blaps rynchopetera. Methods: Compounds were isolated and purified on silica gel, Sephadex LH20, ODS, and D101 column chromtography. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectral data and HR-ESI-MS. Results: Ten cyclodipeptides were isolated from the n-butyl extract fraction of B. rynchopetera, and their structures were determined as cyclo (Leu-Pro) (1), cyclo (Val-Pro) (2), cyclo (Ile-Pro) (3), cyclo (Ser-Pro) (4), cyclo (Tyr-Pro) (5), cyclo (Val-Ile) (6), cyclo (Val-Leu) (7), cyclo (Val-Tyr) (8), cyclo (Ile-Tyr) (9), and cyclo (Phe-Tyr) (10). Conclusion: All the 10 compounds are isolated from B. rynchopetera for the first time.

Ascaris is a helminthic parasite, which infects a wide range of host species causing ascariasis, a predominant disease worldwide. This parasite causes significant economic losses to the pig industry. The current study was designed to determine the Ascaris nematode by the genetic characterization of three mitochondrial (mt) genes namely NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1), cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (cox2). A high infection rate of Ascaris nematode has been found in Tibetan pigs at the slaughter houses in Tibet Autonomous Region of China. The nad1, cox1 and cox2 genes sequences collected from adult Ascaris individuals were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The cloned-amplicons and the positive products were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results indicated that the Ascaris infecting the Tibetan pigs were Ascaris suum (A. suum). This is the first report on the isolation, identification and genetic characterization of three mitochondrial genomes (nad1, cox1, and cox2) of A. suum originated from Tibetan pigs at high altitudes in Tibet.

In recent years, due to the emergence of ultrafast ultrasound imaging technology, the sensitivity of detecting slow and micro blood flow with ultrasound has been dramatically improved, and functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) has been developed. fUSI is a novel technology for neurological imaging that utilizes neurovascular coupling to detect the functional activity of the central nervous system (CNS) with high spatiotemporal resolution and high sensitivity, which is dynamic, non-invasive or minimally invasive. fUSI fills the gap between functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and optical imaging with its high accessibility and portability. Moreover, it is compatible with electrophysiological recording and optogenetics. In this paper, we review the developments of fUSI and its applications in neuroimaging. To date, fUSI has been used in various animals ranging from mice to non-human primates, as well as in clinical surgeries and bedside functional brain imaging of neonates. In conclusion, fUSI has great potential in neuroscience research and is expected to become an important tool for neuroscientists, pathologists and pharmacologists.
Animals ; Mice ; Ultrasonography/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Optogenetics ; Hemodynamics

The Medical Administration and Hospital Administration of the National Health Commission released the "2021 China Chest Pain Center Quality Control Report" in January 2022. This report analyzes the construction ratio of chest pain centers in the second-level and above medical institutions nationwide in 2021 and the construction of standard and basic chest pain centers, mainly from the way of coming to the hospital, symptom onset to first medical contact time, door to wire time, reperfusion therapy ratio, in-hospital mortality, proportion of discharges with medication recommended by the guidelines and average length and cost of hospital stay of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients to comprehensively describe the current status of the construction of the national chest pain centers. This article interprets the report in detail by reviewing relevant literature.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the popularization of low-dose CT and the improvement of people’s awareness of physical examinations, the number of detected pulmonary nodules is gradually increasing, and there is a greater demand for standardized diagnostic and treatment guidelines. On April 23, 2024, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network updated its clinical practice guidelines for NSCLC to the version 5. Compared with the version 5 in 2023, the version 5 in 2024 updates focus on diagnostic evaluation, perioperative systemic therapy, treatment of advanced NSCLC, and molecular marker testing, which will be interpreted in this article with the aim of providing the latest guidance and reference for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in China.

Hypertension and its associated cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and ischemic heart disease result in a high burden of disease and health losses, making it the most burdensome disease in the world and one of the important public health issues in China. Currently Chinese scholars have carried out a large number of studies on the prevalence of hypertension, including regional and national prevalence studies. However, long-term follow-up studies on incidence of hypertension are relatively few and mostly limited to specific ages and regions. This paper summarizes the prevalence, incidence and epidemiological trend of hypertension in Chinese adults. The hypertension prevalence increased from 5.1% in 1959 to 27.5% in 2018, and presents an overall trend of high in the north and low in the south. The hypertension incidence is at a high level (the cumulative incidence was 33.4% after 22 years-follow-up), but there are few researches on the trend of hypertension incidence in huge region.

Background and Objective: Androgen receptor (AR) is involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, but its role is not clearly defined. This study was to explore the expression of AR and its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters in triple negative breast cancer (negative estrogen receptor, negative progesterone receptor, and negative Her-2). Methods: Immunohistochemical assays were performed to determine the expression of AR in 137 cases of triple negative breast cancer and 132 cases of non-triple negative breast cancer. The relationships between AR expression and clinicopathologic data and prognosis were analyzed. Results: The positive rate of AR was significantly lower in triple negative breast cancer than in non-triple negative breast (27.7% vs. 83.3%,χ2 = 83.963, P < 0.001). AR expression was correlated with menorrheal status (χ2 = 6.803, P = 0.009), tumor grade (χ2 = 5.173, P = 0.023), node status (χ2 = 7.787, P = 0.005), 5-year disease-free survival (χ2 = 5.012, P = 0.025) and 5-year overall survival (χ2 = 5.552, P = 0.018) in triple negative breast cancer, but was not correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and survival in non-triple negative breast cancer. The 5-year overall survival rate was 78.8% in triple negative breast cancer and 83.3% in non-triple negative breast cancer. Conclusions: The expression of AR is related to biological behaviors of triple negative breast cancer, and plays a role in endocrinotherapy and prognostic prediction.

Objective    To investigate the clinical value of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted chest computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of peripheral lung shadow. Methods    The CT image data of 810 patients with peripheral pulmonary shadow treated by thoracic surgery in Tianjin Chest Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University from January 2018 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed using AI-assisted chest CT imaging diagnosis system. There were 339 males and 471 females with a median age of 63 years. The malignant probability of preoperative AI-assisted diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary shadow was compared with the results of postoperative pathology. Results    The pathological diagnosis of 810 patients with peripheral pulmonary shadow was lung cancer in 627 (77.4%) patients, precancerous lesion in 30 (3.7%) patients and benign lesion in 153 (18.9%) patients. The median probability of malignant AI diagnosis before operation was 86.0% (lung cancer), 90.0% (precancerous lesion) and 37.0% (benign lesion), respectively. According to the analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of AI malignant probability distribution in this group of patients, the area under the ROC curve was 0.882. The critical value of malignant probability for diagnosis of lung cancer was 75.0%with a sensitivity of 0.856 and specificity of 0.814. A total of 571 patients were diagnosed with AI malignancy probability≥ 75.0%, among whom 537 patients were pathologically diagnosed as lung cancer with a positive predictive value of 94.0%(537/571). Conclusion    The AI-assisted chest CT diagnosis system has a high accuracy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer with malignant probability≥75.0% as the diagnostic threshold.

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate in men and the highest mortality rate in men and women in China, and the incidence and mortality rates are still increasing. Lung cancer screening is an important initiative for early detection of lung cancer and improvement of prognosis. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) updates the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening annually, and the 2023 V2 edition was released in May 2023. The guidelines are based on the latest research advances and high-level evidence-based medical evidence to establish screening criteria for lung cancer, especially for non-small cell lung cancer, which is the most common and highly regarded type of lung cancer, and has received widespread attention from physicians worldwide. In this article, the latest version of the guideline will be interpreted based on China's national situation and Chinese lung cancer screening guidelines, with the aim of providing an updated reference for lung cancer screening in China.

Objective To systematically review the sex differences in efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods We conducted a computer search of Medline, The Cochrane Library, and EMbase from inception to November 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of ICIs in patients with NSCLC. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results Finally 16 RCTs with a total of 9 653 patients were included, and the modified Jadad scale score was≥4 points. Meta-analysis results showed that in female NSCLC patients receiving immune therapy, the median overall survival (OS) [HR=0.72, 95%CI (0.61, 0.85), P<0.001] was longer than that in males [HR=0.73, 95%CI (0.69, 0.78), P<0.001]. Males [HR=0.64, 95%CI (0.58, 0.71), P<0.001] had an advantage over females [HR=0.76, 95%CI (0.57, 1.03), P=0.760] in median progression-free survival (PFS). Conclusion Females receiving ICIs have an advantage over males in terms of median OS. However, males tend to derive greater benefit from ICIs in terms of median PFS.