Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) is associated with subfertility. Despite efforts to induce ovulation, success rates are low. We report a case of POF spontaneously conceiving twins while on hormone replacement therapy.
Ovarian Failure, Premature ; Spontaneous ; Twin Multiple Birth ; Pregnancy ; success

Executive Summary Leptospirosis is a disease prevalent mostly in tropical and subtropical countries. Its potential to be a concerning problem emerges with the onset of the rainy season, as flooding and heavy rainfall facilitate disease epidemics. Among those at risk of contracting the disease are field workers, veterinarians, sewer workers, military personnel and those who swim or wade in contaminated waters. In the absence of an existing evidence-based guideline for the pediatric age group, this first edition hopes to standardize approach to diagnosis, antibiotic management, and prevention of leptospirosis. The intended users are primary care physicians, family medicine physicians, pediatricians, and other healthcare workers involved in the management of leptospirosis in children. Ten priority questions were identified by a group of experts composed of an oversight committee, a guideline writing panel, and a technical review committee. The GRADE methodology was used to determine the quality of evidence of each recommendation. The draft recommendations (summarized below) were finalized after these were presented to and voted on by a panel of stakeholders.

Background: Antimicrobials are drugs that are often misused and inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing often results in poor clinical outcome and drug resistance. Monitoring and regulation of antimicrobial use is currently being done by the Department of Health through the Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) Program. There is a need to determine the factors that affect successful implementation of an AMS program in private hospitals in the Philippines. This study was conducted to identify the enablers and potential barriers in implementing an AMS program in nine (9) private hospitals. Methodology: A concurrent mixed methods design was used to assess various stakeholders’ (physicians, administrators, other AMS members) perceptions of existing or proposed AMS programs, and to identify barriers and enablers in their implementation. Quantitative data were collected using self-administered survey questionnaire to assess clinician’s acceptance of AMS programs. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured one-on-one interviews of clinicians and other AMS personnel and focus group discussions (FGD) of selected clinician groups. Data were gathered from October 2018 to October 2019. Results: 409 clinicians were surveyed, 52 were interviewed and 46 sat for 13 sessions of FGDs. Overall, the survey established that physicians were well aware of antimicrobial resistance problem. Majority of the clinicians indicated general agreement with the currently practiced antimicrobial protocols in their hospitals and with the AMS program. However, there were disagreements in perceptions with how antimicrobial restrictions impair prescribing practices and overuse of the same. These responses were strong points of discussion during the Key Informant Interviews (KII) and FGDs. All respondents were amenable with the institutionalization of an AMS program in their hospitals. The hospital leadership’s commitment was determined to be the key enabler of a successful AMS program’s implementation. Barriers identified for hospitals with existing AMS programs were: lack of dedicated staff, resistance and/or non-cooperation of physicians, lack of support from non-medical departments, and inadequate cooperation between hospital personnel. Barriers identified, regardless of the status of the AMS programs were: deficiency in knowledge with developing and implementing an AMS program, inadequate information dissemination, unavailability of an IT-based monitoring for antibiotic use, and the influence of pharmaceutical companies on stakeholders with regards to antimicrobial use. Conclusion Similar enablers and barriers to a successful implementation of an AMS program were seen in the different hospitals. A hospital leadership’s commitment was determined to be the key enabler. The success or failure of any AMS program appears to depend on physician understanding, commitment and support for such a program. By involving the main players in an AMS program- the hospital administrators, clinicians and other key members, perceived barriers will be better identified and overcome, and enablers will help allow a successful implementation of an AMS program. This multi-center study was funded by Philippine Council on Health Research and Development ( PCHRD) and Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines ( PIDSP) and was conducted by the PIDSP Research Committee.
Physicians ; Multicenter Studies as Topic