Objective: To understand poor oral habits of preschool children and related factors, so as to provide evidence for child oral health promotion. Methods: A total of 3 094 preschool children from 12 kindergartens in Wuhan and Ezhou were selected by cluster sampling method. Basic demographic information and child poor oral habits were evaluated through questionnaire survey. Chi square test was used for univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression was performed for multivariate analysis. Results: About 33.5% of preschoolers were found to have poor oral habits. Among them, biting nails and toys (4.4%), sucking fingers ( 3.8% ), mouth breathing (3.7%) ranked the highest. Multivariate analysis showed that only child( OR =1.26), picky eaters( OR =1.30), and exposure to second hand smoke ( OR =1.69) were associated with poor oral habits, while living in cities( OR =0.58), high family economic status ( OR =0.66), and good health ( OR =0.37), balanced diet ( OR =0.71), maternal high school education ( OR =0.72) were associated with better oral habits( P <0.05). Conclusion Preschool children s oral habits are affected by variable factors, attention should be paid to children who are the only child of the family, picky eaters, living in rural areas, and those exposed to second hand smoke.

Objective To analyze probable risk factors to Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura (HSP) in Tibetan children so as to bring evidences for correct identification of high-risk children in plateau areas. Methods 140 high-altitude Tibetan children with HSP admitted to Shannan People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region from October 2015 to October 2018 were enrolled, and 140 high-altitude Tibetan healthy children and 140 plain area HSP children were selected as the control. Gender, age, family history, allergy, past history (rheumatic disease, autoimmune disease, asthma), clinical phenotype, biochemical markers (antibody positive rate, platelet count and hemoglobin), clinical efficacy and recurrence were retrospective analyzed. The risk factors of HSP in the high-altitude Tibetan children were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results It was shown by univariate analysis that the proportion of allergic history and past history of high-altitude HSP children was higher than those of high-altitude healthy children (allergic history: 35.7% vs. 11.4%, past history: 21.4% vs. 5.7%, both P < 0.05). Compared with plain area HSP children, the age of high-altitude HSP children was increased (years old: 6.5±2.3 vs. 5.3±2.2), the clinical phenotype was more complex (37.9% vs. 57.1% for simple skin and limb type, 21.4% vs. 14.3% for abdominal type, 28.6% vs. 21.4% for renal type, 7.1% vs. 5.0% for brain or lung type, 5.0% vs. 2.2% for complex type), the positive rate of antibody was increased (64.3% vs. 50.0%), platelet count was decreased (×109/L: 116.2±12.3 vs. 176.8±35.4), hemoglobin level was increased (g/L: 125.6±15.7 vs. 113.8±10.9), recurrence rate was lower (4.3% vs. 10.7%), and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). It was shown by multivariate Logistic regression analysis that age, allergic history and past history were independent risk factors for HSP in high-altitude Tibetan children [age: odds ratio (OR) = 1.263, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.063-1.968; allergic history: OR = 1.765, 95%CI = 1.326-2.452, past history: OR =1.421, 95%CI = 1.102-2.232, all P < 0.05]. Clinical phenotypic and biochemical indexes were important risk factors affecting the clinical efficacy of high-altitude Tibetan HSP children (non-simple skin and limb type: OR = 2.123, 95%CI =1.623-2.869; antibody positive: OR = 1.865, 95%CI = 1.502-2.768; both P < 0.05). Conclusions It is different of HSP occurrence in Tibetan children from plateau and plain areas. Attention should be paid to screening age, allergy history, past history, clinical phenotype, antibody positive and other high risk children. Early and effective intervention can improve clinical curative effect and reduce recurrence.

Objective:To explore the relationship between school bullying and mental sub-health in middle school students and the potential moderating role of resilience in this relationship.Methods:Totally 792 students aged 10 to 14 years from two middle schools in Wuhan were selected.The Chinese version of Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire,Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents,and Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale were used to measure school bullying,mental sub-health,and psychological resilience of students,respectively.Results:Being bullied scores were positively associated with mental sub-health scores(β=1.88).The moderating effect of psychological resilience scores between being the scores of bullied and mental sub-health was statistically significant(β=-0.07).Conclusion:The experience of bullying may be associated with mental sub-health problems of middle school students,and psychological resilience may play a moderating role in the relation-ship between being bullied and mental sub-health.