Objective To explore the value of shear wave elastrography (SWE) in diagnosis of prostate cancer.Methods SWE quantitative elastography was preformed in 55 patients with suspected prostate cancer,to obtain the elastic modulus (mean,maximum).Each patient underwent sonography-guided prostatic biopsy on the same day.With the pathologic results as reference,ROC curves were used to assess diagnostic performance.Results ①Pathological tests showed that 39 lesions were benign(hyperplasia) and 16 lesions were malignant.The mean elasticity value of benign lesions was (39.04 ± 8.22) kPa,and the maximum value was (54.10 ± 9.18)kPa,whereas of malignant ones were (53.31 ± 3.92)kPa and (68.71 ±2.57)kPa,respectively (P ＜0.05).② The area under the ROC curve (AZ) of the maximum and mean elasticity value was 0.951 and 0.944.Taking 48.07 kPa as the threshold of the mean elasticity value,the sensitivity was 91.8％ and the specificity was 89.7％.Then taking 65.50 kPa as the threshold of the maximum elasticity value,the sensitivity was 92.1％ and the specificity was 87.5％.Conclusions SWE is helpful to diagnose and differentiate prostate diseases by measuring elastic modulus.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the level of anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) in serum and ovarian interstitial blood flow in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods:The clinical data of 88 patients with PCOS (PCOS group) admitted to Jiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to June 2022 and 50 women of the same age who underwent physical examination during the same period (normal control group) were collected retrospectively. The patients in the PCOS group were divided into two subgroups according to the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) evaluated by the steady-state model. Among them, patients with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.69 were divided into the insulin resistance subgroup (PCOS-IR subgroup, 50 cases), and patients with HOMA-IR<2.69 were divided into the non-insulin resistance subgroup (PCOS-NIR subgroup, 38 cases). The level of AMH were measured by electrochemiluminescence, and ovarian interstitial blood flow indicators, including peak blood flow velocity (PSV), pulsation index (PI), and resistance index (RI) were monitored. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between serum AMH and insulin resistance and ovarian interstitial blood flow. Meanwhile, Logistic linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of ovarian interstitial blood flow in patients with PCOS.Results:The levels of AMH, HOMA-IR and PSV in the PCOS group were higher than those in the normal control group: (2.13 ± 0.84) μg/L vs. (0.84 ± 0.29) μg/L, 4.6(2.0, 8.4) vs. 1.8(0.5, 3.9), (10.05 ± 1.52) cm/s vs.(6.78 ± 0.89) cm/s; the PI and RI in the PCOS group were lower than those in the control group: (1.14 ± 0.26)% vs. (2.01 ± 0.53)%, (0.37 ± 0.18)% vs. (0.85 ± 0.33)%, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The levels of AMH, HOMA-IR and PSV in the PCOS-IR subgroup were higher than those in the PCOS-NIR subgroup: (2.68 ± 0.81) μg/L vs. (1.59 ± 0.43) μg/L, (10.74 ± 2.32) cm/s vs. (7.93 ± 1.90) cm/s, 7.2(3.1, 15.8) vs. 2.1(0.6, 5.3); the PI and RI in the PCOS-IR subgroup were lower than those in the PCOS-NIR subgroup: (0.88 ± 0.35)% vs. (1.52 ± 0.50)%, (0.29 ± 0.04)% vs. (0.51 ± 0.05)%, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of AMH were positively correlated with PSV and HOMA-IR ( r = 0.694 and 0.540, P<0.05), but negatively correlated with PI and RI( r = - 0.687 and - 0.692, P<0.05). Logistic linear regression model analysis showed that AMH and HOMA-IR were risk factors for ovarian interstitial blood flow in patients with PCOS( P<0.05). Conclusions:The serum AMH level in patients with PCOS is abnormally high and increases with insulin resistance. At the same time, the imbalance of AMH expression plays an important role in the increase of abnormal ovarian interstitial blood flow.

Objective To investigate the relationship between occupational noise exposure and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as well as prediabetes diagnosed by HbA1c. Methods A total of 1 181 workers from a cigarette factory were selected as the research subjects using a judgment sampling method. Workers were divided into control, low-level noise exposure and high-level noise exposure groups, consisting of 236, 359, and 586 individuals, respectively. The blood sample was collected for HbA1c test and occupation noise exposure intensity in workplace was detected by an area-sampling method. Results There were no statistical significant differences in HbA1c levels and prediabetes prevalence among the three groups of workers (all P>0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding factors such as years of service, gender, smoking, pack-years of smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the high-level noise exposure group had higher HbA1c level than the control group (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis results showed that the high-level noise exposure group had higher risk of prediabetes compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Occupational noise exposure could be a risk factor for the increased HbA1c levels and prediabetes incidence among the occupational population. More attention should be paid to the effects of occupational noise exposure on the HbA1c level in occupational health surveillance.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a non-specific, chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. Biological agents had been used to treat UC, and efficacy was superior to traditional therapeutic drugs, however, many problems followed. This article reviewed the application of biological agents in the treatment of moderate-to-severe UC, therapeutic drug monitoring, special conditions occurred during the use of biological agents and their management.