In recent years , increasing use of drugs has given rise to more and more Adverse Drug Reaction ( ADR) cases in China.However, due to the absence of ADR compensation legislation in China , these victim's rights cannot be restituted.By analyzing experiences from Germany , Sweden, Japan, USA, and Taiwan, as well as the current situation and difficulties of ADR compensation in China , this paper provides suggestions for ADR compensa-tion policy in China , which is to constitute an ADR compensation system based on funds .

Objective To study curative efficacy of aluminum phosphate gel combined with omeprazole in treatment of peptic ulcer and its effects on Gas, TGF-αlevels.Methods 80 patients of peptic ulcer who received therapy from April 2015 to April 2016 in our hospital were selected as research objects.According to random number table, those patients were divided into the observation group and the control group, 49 patients in each group.the control group was treated with omeprazole, while the observation group was treated with aluminum phosphate gel combined on the basis of control group.Then Transforming growth factor, adverse reaction and curative effect were compared.Results After treatment, the serum levels of Gas and TGF-αin both groups were improved (P<0.05); Two weeks after treatment,the level of GAS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05), TGF-αlevel was higher than that in control group(P<0.05); The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05); The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Combined use of aluminum phosphate gel and omeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer can effectively improve the patient-related serum markers, improve the quality of ulcer healing, significant efficacy, high safety and low incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate the correlation of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level with serum albumin, serum total bilirubin and thrombin time in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods RandomLy selected from January 2014 to June 2016 to our hospital diagnosis and hospitalization of 200 cases of cirrhosis patients, according to the standard of Child-Pugh classification provided by Chinese Medical Hepatology Division in 2006, 48 cases were Child A group, 96 cases were Child B group and 56 cases were Child C group.The plasma BNP, serum albumin, serum total bilirubin, prothrombin time and QTc interval of electrocardiogram were analyzed in the clinical data of each group of patients and the correlation between plasma BNP and their correlation.Results The levels of plasma BNP in Child A, B and C groups were higher than those in B group and B group.The correlation between plasma BNP and Child's grade showed a positive correlation, and the results of each group were statistically different (P<0.05).The plasma BNP level was negatively correlated with ALB ( P<0.05 ) .The level of plasma BNP was positively correlated with ALB ( P <0.05 ) .The correlation between plasma BNP and PTIL was correlated with TBIL.The correlation between plasma BNP and TBIL was significantly correlated with TBIL ( P <0.05), The higher the plasma BNP, the regression analysis showed that plasma BNP and TBIL were positively correlated, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The correlation between plasma BNP level and QTc was analyzed.The QTc interval of plasma BNP level was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.01 ) , and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.01 ) .Conclusion The plasma BNP level in patients with liver function is closely related to ALB, TBIL, PT, QTc interval, and has the value of evaluating and predicting liver function.

Following an analysis of the problems and challenges of hospitals regulation in China and a comparative study of situations at home and abroad,this paper presented six policy proposals for the reform of public hospitals regulatory system in China.The policy suggestions included definite regulatory objectives,defined relationship between public hospitals and government,strengthening both economic regulation and social regulation, establishing multivariate regulatory system, introducing flexible regulatory methods and full utilization of the third-party impact,which met the requirements of public hospital in healthcare reform in China and propelled the reform forward.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of atorvastatin calcium on carotid artery plaque in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods From January 2016 to September 2017,100 patients with cerebral infarction in the Second People's Hospital of Yuyao were selected.According to random number table method,the patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 50 cases in each group.The control group was treated by intravenous injection of ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection.The observation group was treated by intravenous injection of ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection combined wth atorvastatin calcium therapy.The clinical effects and changes of blood indicators were compared between the two groups.Results Before treatment,the IMT thickness,plaque thickness,blood flow velocity,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,plasma viscosity,erythrocyte aggregation index,erythrocyte volume,fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) between the two groups had no statistically significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,the IMT thickness,plaque thickness,blood flow velocity,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,plasma viscosity,erythrocyte aggregation index and hematocrit,fibrinogen,ESR and total effective rate in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t =5.012,6.225,8.147,6.225,5.110,6.021,5.002,5.012,6.002,5.102,5.042,6.053,x2 =8.125,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin calcium tablets combined with intravenous injection of ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole in the treatment of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction can effectively improve blood rheological parameters and blood lipid parameters,and the treatment effect is better than ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole.

The construction of a medication safety culture is important for medication safety management and rational drug use.The construction of medication safety culture standards is formulated based on relevant national policies and regulations,accreditation standards for hospitals,expert opinions,the current situation,and the development trend of the healthcare industry.With scientificity,general applicability,instructive guidance,and practicality,they standardized basic requirements,management processes,and improvement of the construction of medication safety culture.To facilitate understanding and the implementation of the standards,we describe the process of standards formulation and explain the key points of the standards.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for the implementation and high-quality development of hospital medication reconciliation. METHODS A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to investigate the implementation of drug reconciliation services in medical institutions before and after the release of 5 standards such as Standard for Medication Reconciliation Services in Medical Institutions（“standards” for short，in 2021 and 2022）. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the survey results. RESULTS After the promulgation of the standards， the medication reconciliation service rate of all types of medical institutions increased from 15.10% （434/2 874） in 2021 to 27.84%（363/1 304） in 2022. In 2022， in the 363 medical institutions providing drug reconciliation services， the median number of pharmacists involved in drug reconciliation was 6. The participation rate of pharmacists in standardized training for drug reconciliation services was 75.00%， among which the participation rate of third-class hospitals was higher， reaching 85.71%. The main stages covered by medication reconciliation services included patient admission， transfer between departments， and discharge. The main problems found in the service included repeated medication （252， 69.42%）， inappropriate usage and dosage （228， 62.81%）， drug interactions and adverse reactions （218， E-mail：cputianxin@163.com 60.06%）. Only 69 institutions （19.01%） had a separate electronic information recording system， while 48 institutions 58516003。E-mail：zhenjiancun@vip.163.com （13.22%） had established comprehensive quality management and evaluation improvement systems. In terms of value embodiment， 141 institutions （38.84%） did not provide any form of compensation to relevant pharmacists. “Closely linked to enhancing patient satisfaction and improving services” was the most significant experience influencing medication reconciliation work（192， 52.89%）， while “the shortage of talent which meet the relevant requirements” stands as the primary challenge faced by medical institutions at all levels（238， 65.56%）. CONCLUSIONS The release of the standards has effectively improved the development rate of medication reconciliation in national medical institutions. However， there is still room for improvement in various aspects， including the allocation of personnel for medication reconciliation services， service content， information management， and the construction of quality control and evaluation systems.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the basic situation of developing pharmacy outpatient departments in Chinese tertiary medical institutions and analyze the influencing factors. METHODS The research targeted the pharmacy outpatient department managers of hospitals and conducted a survey through Sojump in March 2023. Various independent variables were selected from the hospital’s own characteristics， the management of the pharmacy outpatient departments， and the construction of the pharmacist team for Logistic and linear regression analysis， with the aim of separately analyzing the factors influencing the establishment of pharmacy outpatient departments and the factors affecting the total number of patients served by these departments throughout the year 2022. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 1 304 medical institutions of different levels nationwide participated in this survey， with 714 tertiary hospitals. Among the tertiary hospitals， 377 （52.80%） had established pharmacy outpatient departments， including 321 grade-A tertiary hospitals， 48 grade-B tertiary hospitals and 8 other tertiary hospitals. The 377 tertiary hospitals collectively operated 1 739 pharmacy outpatient departments， covering 19 specialized fields， with the highest proportion found in the cardiovascular field （including anticoagulation） at 16.45%. Tertiary hospitals in North China， Central China， East China and South China regions had more pharmacy outpatient departments. The establishment of pharmacy outpatient departments was found to be influenced by tertiary grade-B status （P＝0.010） and the annual outpatient volume of the hospital （P＝0.008）， although the impact was relatively small. The factors influencing the number of patients served by pharmacy outpatient departments were the annual outpatient volume of the hospital （P＝0.042） and the number of pharmacists engaged in clinical pharmacy work （P＝0.004）. The proportion of tertiary hospitals in China that have established pharmacy outpatient departments is insufficient. It is necessary to further accelerate the construction of pharmacy outpatient departments and appropriately expand the talent pool of hospital pharmacy teams based on the needs of pharmacy outpatient departments and patients， in order to meet the requirements of medical practice and patient care.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of pharmaceutical clinic service in medical institutions in China and provide experience and suggestions for promoting the development of pharmaceutical clinics. METHODS Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the development of pharmaceutical clinics in medical institutions of 31 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government） in March to April 2023， and the descriptive analysis was conducted. The regression analysis was carried out for the influential factors of pharmaceutical clinic service. RESULTS A total of 1 368 questionnaires were distributed in this survey and 1 304 valid questionnaires were collected with the effective response rate of 95.32%. A total of 463 medical institutions carried out pharmaceutical clinic service， the rate of which was 35.51% （463/1 304）； the rates of pharmaceutical clinics in tertiary， secondary， primary and other medical institutions were 52.80%， 17.18% and 5.88%， respectively. The frequency of opening pharmaceutical clinics was 3.17 days per week on average， with an average of 5.99 visiting pharmacists in each medical institution. Among the visiting pharmacists， clinical pharmacists accounted for the vast majority （88.68%， 2 459/2 773）. There were various categories of pharmaceutical clinics， including joint clinics and pharmacist-independent clinics； among pharmacist-independent clinics， pharmaceutical specialty/specialty disease clinics were the main ones， accounting for 89.72% of the total number of pharmaceutical clinics. The value of pharmacists in pharmaceutical clinics was manifested in various forms， among which the proportion of medical institutions charging pharmaceutical clinics was 10.80%. The main experiences in developing pharmaceutical clinics were to attach importance to discipline construction and personnel training. The main difficulties in developing pharmaceutical clinics were low compensation levels and a shortage of talent.The number of clinical pharmacists， the number of visiting pharmacists in pharmaceutical clinics and additional compensation were positively correlated with the amount of pharmaceutical clinic services（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS In recent years， pharmaceutical clinics have made significant progress； in the future， it is still necessary to further strengthen discipline construction and talent cultivation， pay attention to the value embodiment of pharmacists， to promote the healthy development of pharmaceutical clinics.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of pharmaceutical care in medical institutions in China， and provide experience and suggestions for better development of pharmaceutical care. METHODS Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the development of pharmaceutical care in medical institutions in 31 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities directly） in March 2023， and descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression analysis on the influencing factors of pharmaceutical care were conducted. RESULTS A total of 1 368 questionnaires were sent out， and 1 304 valid questionnaires were collected with the effective recovery rate of 95.32%. Pharmaceutical care was carried out in 671 medical institutions （51.46%）， and the rates of pharmaceutical care in tertiary， secondary， primary and other medical institutions were 74.79%， 27.97% and 7.35%， respectively. The average number of patients receiving pharmaceutical care was 2 638.96 per year， and there were 8.33 pharmacists in each medical institution to carry out pharmaceutical care， among which 93.68% were clinical pharmacists. The main departments covered by pharmaceutical care services included respiratory and critical care medicine， cardiology， intensive care unit， endocrinology， oncology， gastroenterology， obstetrics and gynecology and other departments. There were only 48 medical institutions （7.15%） with additional compensation for pharmaceutical care services. The main experiences of developing pharmaceutical care were to pay attention to talent cultivation and discipline construction， but the main difficulties were serious shortage of staff and qualified talents， low compensation level and low enthusiasm. Grade of medical institutions， the number of pharmacists engaged in clinical pharmacy， the number of qualified clinical pharmacists and the degree of information in the pharmacy department were the main influencing factors for carrying out pharmaceutical care （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS In recent years， pharmaceutical care in Chinese medical institutions has made certain progress， while that of primary medical institutions， secondary medical institutions and other medical institutions should be improved. In the future， it is still necessary to further enhance the implementation of pharmaceutical care， promote personnel training， and attach importance to demonstrating the value of pharmaceutical care， thereby promoting the sustainable and high- quality development of pharmaceutical care.