Objective To study the distribution of rifampicin,isoniazid in tissues of patients with tuberculosis wrist for the sake of providing siven guide toward operation and postoperative chemotherapy.Methods 32 patients with tuberculosis wrist,according to radiographic data,were divided into Center group(group Ⅰ)and Borderline groups(group Ⅱ).All patients received chemotherapy regimen of 3SHR(T)Z/6HR(T).After treatment for4 weeks,the patients'specimen of serum,and tuberculosis tissues(group Ⅰ)including sclerotic bone wall,sub-normal bone and tuberculosis tissues(group Ⅱ)including dissolved bone wall,sub-normal bone were obtained during operation at 1,2 hours respectively after oral medication.Then pretreatment and mensuration using HPLC method were carried out after specimen's removal.Results Concentrations of isoniazid and rifapentine in(group Ⅰ)and(group Ⅱ)sub-normal bone and dissolved bone were abeve the minimal bactericidal concentration values.Concentration of 2 drugs in(group Ⅰ)sclerotic bone wall were much lower than that in sub-normal bone and dissolved bone wall.Conclusion The concentration of 2 drugs in patients sclerotic bone wall of wrist were too lower to eliminate the mycobacterium tuberculosis,while an effective concentration for anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy should be find in sub-normal bone and dissolved bone of wrist.Thus,the sclerotic bone of wrist plays an important role in obstructing the drags penetration into tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: The neurons in the medial septum (MS), vertical and horizontal limbs of diagonal band of Broca (vDB and hDB) in the basal forebrain contain rich androgen receptors (ARs) and estrogen receptors (ERs) by which androgen and estrogen can act dramatically on the neurons in the basal forebrain, subsequently affecting learning and memory processes.OBJECTIVE: To qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the effects of androgen replacement therapy on the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-positive and nestin-positive neurons in the MS, vDB and hDB of castrated adult male rats.DESIGN: A randomly controlled study on experimental animals.SETTING: Department of Anatomy and Brain Research Laboratory of Zhngshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at Department of Anatomy and Brain Research Laboratory of Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yatsen University from June 2001 to June 2002. Totally twenty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with seven rats in each group: androgen replacement therapy for 4 weeks following 24 hours of castration (ART1), androgen replacement therapy for 2 weeks following 2 weeks of castration (ART2), vehicle replacement therapy for 4weeks following 24 hours of castration (VRT), sham-operated group (Sham).INTERVENTIONS: ① ART1 group: The castrated rats received subcutaneous injection of testosterone proprionate (25 mg/kg) dissolved in 100 μL of sterile sesame oil every other day from 10:30 am to 11:00 am for 14 times (4 weeks). ② ART2 group: The castrated rats received subcutaneous injection of testosterone proprionate with the same dosage and method as ART1 group for 7 times (2 weeks). ③ The rats in VRT group received subcutaneous injection of 100μL of sterile sesame oil for 14 times (4 weeks) by the same regime as described above. ④ Rats in Sham group only received sham-operated treatments, and testes were intact and lived for 4 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology and counts of NOS-positive and nestin-positive neurons were observed in the MS, vDB and hDB with immunohistochemical method at various time points.RESULTS: Data of totally 28 rats were involved in the final analyses. ①Morphological features of both NOS-positive and nestin-positive neurons in the MS, vDB and hDB were not significantly changed among four groups. ② The number of NOS-positive and nestin-positive neurons in the MS and vDB of VRT group were significantly higher than those of Sham group (P＜ 0.05 or 0.01), whereas the numbers of the NOS-positive and nestin-posi-tive neurons in the MS and vDB of ART1 and ART2 groups was significantly lower than those of VRT group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01), which nearly reached the levels of sham group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Androgen replacement therapy produces no significant effects on the morphological features of NOS-positive and nestin-positive neurons, but the therapy can selectively decrease the numbers of NOS-positive and nestin-positive neurons in different subregions of the basal forebrain, which may be closely related to androgen downregulation of expressions of NOS and nestin by ARs-mediated mechanisms, thereby producing complex effects on learning and memory processes.

Objective To investigate the effect of a single or combined transplantation of the neural stem cells(NSCs) modified with gene of NGF or GDNF on the cholinergic neurons of basal forebrain of AD model rat. Methods The NSCs modified with gene of NGF or GDNF were implanted in single or combined into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the rats after fibria\|fornix transection.The rats were killed three weeks after transplantation and the brain sections concluding basal forebrain were cut coronally on a freezing microtome and were processed by immunohistochemistry staining with antibodies against ChAT.The numbers of ChAT positive neurons of medial septum(MS) and vertical diagonal band(VDB) were analyzied statistically with one way of Student\|Newman Kaels. Results In MS,the percentages of ChAT positive neurons at the lesion side to the intact side in NGF group was 81% which was significantly higher than that in the lesion group(34%),NSC group(36%) and GDNF group(50%), P 0\^05). Conclusion\ The injury cholinergic neurons can be protected in different extent after a single or combined transplantation of the neural stem cells modified with gene of NGF or GDNF.Among these three groups,greater protection was found in NGF group and NGF+GDNF group,and lesser protection in GDNF group.\;[

Objective To investigate the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and methylprednisolone (MP) on Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4 mRNA expression in endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide,LPS) induced shock.Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into LPS group (n =20),LPS + VIP group (n =20),LPS + MP group (n =20),LPS + VIP + MP group (n =20) and control group (n =10).LPS group injected intravenously LPS (E Coli O55B5) 10 mg/kg.LPS + VIP group,LPS + MP group and LPS + VIP + MP group were injected intravenously VIP 5 nmol/kg,MP 3 mg/kg and VIP 5 nmoL/kg + MP 3 mg/kg after LPS 10 mg/kg injection.The control group injected normal saline intravenously instead of LPS.The rats were sacrificed at 6 h and 24 h after injection and the intestine samples were collected.Pathological changes of the intestine were observed by microscopy.RT-PCR was used to detect the intestinal TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA expressions.Results Intestinal mucosa showed edema or necrotic change with structure of the microvilli disappeared after LPS injection.The inestinal lesions in VIP,MP and VIP + MP groups were milder than LPS group.At 6 h after LPS injection,TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA expressions were significantly up-regulated in LPS group,LPS + VIP group,LPS + MP group and LPS + VIP + MP group (TLR2 mRNA:1.14 ±0.38,1.17 ±0.42,1.16 ±0.41,0.92 ± 0.29;TLR4 mRNA 1.21 ±0.18,1.04 ± 0.38,1.11 ± 0.34,1.01 ± 0.20) compared with the control group (0.32 ± 0.20,0.24 ± 0.17) (P ＜ 0.01).But there was no significant difference between LPS group,LPS + VIP group,LPS + MP group and LPS + VIP + MP group (P ＞ 0.05).At 24 h after LPS injection,TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA expressions in LPS + VIP group,LPS + MP group and LPS + VIP + MP group (TLR2 mRNA:0.63 ± 0.12,0.59 ± 0.13,0.52 ±0.19;TLR4 mRNA 0.67 ±0.09,0.64 ±0.09,0.51 ±0.13) were significantly lower than LPS group (1.04 ± 0.38,0.82 ±0.18) (P ＜0.01) (P ＜0.05).Conclusion VIP and/or MP can mitigate intestinal injury induced by LPS shock.The gastrointestinal protection of VIP and glucocorticoids were related to downregulation signaling TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA expression.But VIP/MP and VIP + MP have no significant effect on expression of intestinal TLR2/4 mRNA until 24 h after LPS shock.

Aim To investigate the effect of magnesi-um isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG)on radiation -induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and the mechanism.Meth-ods Fifty female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divid-ed into control group,irradiation (RT)group,MgIG group,RT +MgIG group and RT +dexamethasone (DXM)group,with 1 0 mice in each group.Except for control group and MgIG group,the remaining mice were given a single 1 5Gy 60 Co γray on whole lung. The mice in each group were administered 2 h before irradiation and each day after irradiation:MgIG group and RT +MgIG group were administered with MgIG (1 00 mg·kg -1 )by intraperitoneal injection;control group and RT group were administered with normal sa-line (20 mL·kg -1 )by intraperitoneal injection;RT+DXMgroup was administered with DXM(0.5 mg· kg -1 )by intraperitoneal injection.After 1 2 weeks,the mice were sacrificed and lung tissues were taken out. The degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were observed by HE staining and Masson staining.The ex-pressions of type Ⅰ collagen,type Ⅲ collagen and TGF-β1 protein were detected by immunohistochem-isty.Results The alveolitis,pulmonary fibrosis and expressions of type Ⅰ collagen,type Ⅲ collagen, TGF-β1 ,p-Smad2,p-Smad3 increased significantly in RT group compared with control group (P <0.05 ), and were significantly lower in RT +MgIG group and RT +DXMgroup than those in RT group(P <0.05). Conclusion MgIG can improve radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mouse lung tissue,and its mech-anism may be related to the influence of MgIG on TGF-βsignaling pathway.

Objective To explore the roles on psychosocial factors of suicide behavior in the suicide attempters.Methods132 suicide attempters and 132 matched controls treated in the emergency department were assessed using certain psychosocial questionnaires,such as Health Questionnaire of WHO,Questionnaire of Life Measure ( QLM),Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory ( BAI),Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Buss Aggressiveness Scale ( BAS),Social Surpport Rate Scale and Questionnaire of Coping Style (QCS).Results( 1 ) The results of single-factor analysis showed that the scores of Health Questionnaire of WHO and QL were lower in the suicide attempter group than those in the control group( suicide attempter group:17.07±3.07 and 9.76 ±7.11; control group:13.42 ±3.31 and 17.08 ±3.81,all P＜0.05),otherwise the scores of BDI,BAI,BIS and BAS were higher( suicide attempter group:15.22 ± 11.22,27.87 ± 7.24,87.67 ±20.08 and 73.74 ± 19.61 ; control group:6.87 ± 6.36,26.22 ± 5.44,73.34 ± 14.54 and 63.78 ± 16.44,all P ＜ 0.05 ).Among QCS,the sub-score of self-blaming was higher( 3.42 ± 2.44 VS 2.35 ± 2.04,P ＜ 0.05 ),otherwise the sub-scores of question solvation,asking for help and rationalization were lower( all P ＜ 0.05 ).( 2 ) The result of multi-factors analysis showed that gender,mean education times,the scores of QL,HQ,BDI,and BIS,sub-score of rationalization,and so on,entried the Logistic aggressive equaltion.Conclusion The status of health,quality of life,depressive and anxious mood,impulsive and aggressive personality,and certain coping style play important role.

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical and social-psychological characteristics of patients with and without mental disorder.MethodsBase the diagnosis of mental disorder,232 suicide attempters were divided into two groups:suicide attempter with mental disorder ( 105 cases) and suicide attempter without mental disorder (127 cases).The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ,the Strength of Suicide Ideation,Health Questionnaire of WHO,Questionnaire of Life Measure (QLM),Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI),Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Buss Aggressiveness Scale (BAS),Social Support Rate Scale and Questionnaire of Coping Style (QCS) were conducted.ResultsThe 105 suicide attempters with a mental disorder were older than the 127 suicide attempter without a mental disorder ( 37.9 ± 14.5 vs 32.9 ± 13.3,t =2.710,P =0.007 ),and the percentage of female was lower in the former than in the later(65.7％ vs 81.1％,x2 =7.099,P =0.008 ).In the total of 232 cases,female was more than male with the gender ratio of 2.87 ( female vs male).The strength level of suicide ideation was higher ( 7.1 ± 2.8 vs 4.8 ± 2.3,t =6.498,P =0.000).The scores of health questionnaire of WHO,BDI and BAI were higher in the suicide attempters with a mental disorder than those without a mental disorder,otherwise the scores of QLM,BIS and its three sub-scales were higher.Among QCS,the sub-score of Self-blaming was higher,and the sub-scores of Question solvation and Asking for help were lower.ConclusionThere are distinguished differences on the sociodemographic and psychological characteristics among the suicide attempters with and without a mental disorder.Mental diseases play an important role in the development of suicide attempter with a mental disorder.

ObjectiveTo understand the behavioral characteristics,strength on suicide ideation and mental disorder diagnosis among suicide attempers,so as to provide consultation for crisis intervention of suicide.Methods232 suicide attempters from emergency of 5 general hospital in south-west of Shandong province were enrolled.They were assessed using questionnaires on attempted suicide behaviors and scale on the strength of suicide ideation,and were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ Disorders axis Ⅰ for patient (SCID/I-P).Results( 1 ) In the total of 232 cases,female was more than male with the gender ratio of 2.87 (female vs male).The highest proportion rate (56.9％) existed between 16 years old to 35 years old.Oral application pesticide was the most commom suicide pattern (83.2％),91.4％ of the suicide attempt occurred in the their homes.The top three reasons leading to suicide were family contrary (61.2％),depressive mood (15.1％)and fail in love (9.5％).(2) In all cases,83.6％ did not think if they were found,84.1％ did not adopted any precaution measures,over 60.0％ did not tell anyone their attempted plans,and 90％ had no dying structions and /or dying testaments before their attempted behaviors.At the moment of attemp behaviors,62.9％ did not contact with someone.The 60.0％ of all the cases had wanted strongly to die,otherwise 7.3％ had wanted to manipulate others.(3) The diagnosis rate of mental disorder on DSM-Ⅳ was 45.3％,in which the mood disorder was most.ConclusionThere are no changes on the behavioral characteristics among the suicide attempters in the south-west rural area of Shandong province.Their strength of suicide ideation are moderate,and a certain proportion of suicide attempters may be impulsive suicide attempters.There is more relationship between mental disorder and suicide attempt.

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, available evidence from basic and clinical research on Alzheimer disease(AD) suggests that oxidation stress is involved in the occurrence and development of AD, and that antioxidant treatment can improve the intelligence of patients with AD and delay age-dependant cognitive dysfunction. Although results of basic and clinical research on the therapeutic effects of antioxidants on AD are inconsistent, a large number of available data suggest that these studies are of significance. Basic pharmacological studies on natural antioxidant TA99 series indicate that they are promising novel drugs for AD. Thereby, this study made a review of their experimental basis in the treatment of AD and existing problems.DATA SOURCES: Related articles published between January 1991 and December 2004 were searched by the computer in Medline database with such key words as Alzheimer disease, antioxidant, Ginkgo biloba extract, TA9901,acetylcholine, and senescence-accelerated mouse in different combinations and with the language limited to English. Meanwhile, related articles were alsosearched in CDMA \Wanfang database with the same key words in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Literature involving intervention group and control group were screened in the first trial, and then non-randomized trials were excluded and the rest were searched for the full text.DATA EXTRACTION: Of the 24 basic and clinical randomized and non-randomized trials on antioxidants in the treatment of AD collected, 17 accorded with the inclusion criteria and the other 7 were excluded.DATA SYNTHESIS: Intervention in the 17 trials emphasized the pathogenesis of AD from amyloid β proterin(Aβ) synthesis, gathering to senile plaque formation, and the enhancement of Aβ gathering and neuronal apoptosis by peroxidative injuries of free radicals. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted: the effect of Aβ on neurons of different regions was observed with cell culture; transmission electromicroscope and sulfrin T (Th-T) fluorescence assay, Fuliye-transform infrared(FT-IR) spectrum apparatus, electron magnetic resonance(EPR), and round spectrum were used to detect the inhibitory effect of TA99 series on Aβ gathering and fibroplasia in vitro, as well as the influence on Aβ gathering in vivo. Senescence accelerated mouse (SAM) -P/8 was adopted to establish AD model and behavioral studies such as Morris water maze were used to investigate their effect on learning and memory. Meanwhile, the clearance of intracerebral amyloid granular deposition due to TA99 was also observed with hexamic argent staining. The effects of TA series on Aβ target and possible mechanism were fully revealed, and basic pre-clinical data collection was almost completed.CONCLUSION: TA9901 plant extractions have been proved to inhibit Aβ gathering and fibrosis, and improve learning and memory of SAM-P/8 rats. Moreover, TA9902 prepared by TA9901 combined with EGb761, another synergic herb, has an obvious anti-neurotoxic effect by inhibiting Aβ gathering, fibrosis and secondary structural changes. Further pharmacological research is needed and will have a promising prospect.

Objective To study critical hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) presented with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU),including clinical features and outcomes In order to explore the effect of bedside continuous hemodialysis/hemofiltration (CBP) as adjuvant treatment for severe HPS/MAS.Methods A total of 19 children with HPS/MAS were hospitalized met the diagnostic criteria for HPS from January,2009 to December,2012.Twelve cases were treated with CBP by continuous venin-venin hemodialysis/hemofiltration (CVVHDF) or high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) following conventional anti-inflammatory therapy.The replacement liquid dose was 50-75 ml/ (kg · h).The organs function were evaluated and laboratory biomarkers including blood 、electrolytes,ferritin changes were measured before and after CBP treatment.Results Ninteen cases of HPS were acute onset and developed to MODS rapidiy after admission to PICU.The main clinical features were the irregular fever or high fever,hepatosplenomegaly and significant liver damage,nervous system dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).Eight cases were death and mortality rate was 42.1％,and all death occurred in those aged less than 3 years old.The mortality rate were 25％ (3/12) and 71.4％ (5/7) in CBP group and non-CBP group respectively.After CBP for 6-24 hours,the fever returned to normal range and blood electrolytes improved.The serum ferritin,serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reduced significantly.Serum creatinine (sCr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level improved.Four cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) improved and the ventilator parameters were downregulated.Conclusions Our findings indicate that HPS/MAS complicated with MODS is life threatening with high mortality rate.CBP therapy can lower the fever within a short time,correct electrolyte imbalance,stable circulatory function,improve the lung,liver,and brain function.It is suggested that CBP may be the potential effective therapy in severe HPS/MAS with MODS in children.