Bacteria species belonging to the genus Leptospirillum are of great importance in bioleaching industry. This paper introduces the varieties and characteristics of Leptospirillum, its isolation and cultivation methods, as well as the advance of molecular biology and bioleaching mechanism researchs about Leptospirillum.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience of manipulation under general anesthesia for treating postoperative hip joint stiffness in children.METHODS: 193 children (226 hips) with postoperative joint stiffness were retrospectively studied at the Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University from January 1978 to December 2005, comprising 53 males and 140 females, aged 1-14 years old. 226 hips with postoperative stiffness from open reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) (155 cases with 188 hips) and capsulotomy for hip sepsis or tuberculosis (38 cases with 38 hips) were retrospectively reviewed. All patients laid on the surgical table supinately under general anesthesia. The assistant fixed the pelvic with palms. The operator manipulated the hip joint with 3 steps: flexed hip joint slowly and gently to 110°-120° or more; then abducted and externally rotated hip joint; adducted and internally rotated the hip. Then 3-step passive manipulation was repeated for once at least. As soon as the patient waked from general anesthesia, Continuous passive motion was applied for the affected hip with the range of motion increasing daily for 1-2 weeks. They were followed averagely 15 months (6-24 months) to evaluate the promoted range of motion in flextion-extension and adduction-abdduction.RESULTS: 186 hips (82.3%) succeeded in manipulation in addition to 34 failure hips (15%) and 6 hips (2.7%) with femoral neck fracture. The successful rate, promoted range of motion in group of ≤6-year-old and group of ≤12-month-duration from primary surgery were significantly higher, femoral neck fracture rate was less than those in group of >6 years of age and group of >12-month-duration from primary surgery.CONCLUSION: Passive manipulation under general anesthesia is a safe, uninvasive and effective method in treating postoperative hip stiffness in children. Younger age (≤6 years) and less duration from the primary surgery (≤12 months) would yield better result.

Background & Objective: Early life stresses, such as social isolation, have lasting effects on the development of emotion and behavior, in which vasopressin plays important roles. This study aimed to assess the possible association of central release of vasopressin with social isolation. Methods: The social isolation model was performed in male mice who endured 6-week social isolation after weaning. Vasopressin expression in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) was measured with immunohistochemistry. Released vasopressin from PVN was measured with radioimmunoassay. Results: Vasopressin immunoreactive cells number decreased in the PVN, medial parvocellular division in social isolation-reared mice, compared to the group-reared counterparts. Social isolation decreased short social exposure-induced vasopressin release from PVN. Isolation-reared mice exhibited anxiogenic profile and difficulty in social recognition. Conclusions: This study provides new evidence for the important role of vasopressin in the development of emotional and social behaviors.

Objective To explore the effect of black garlic extract on HeLa cells and its possible molecular mechanisms.Methods Inhibitory rate of HeLa cells was detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT).Flow cytometry annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (V-FITC/PI) was used to detect tumor cell apoptosis.Flow cytometry was used to measure cell-cycle changes.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect expressions of tumor proteins bax and Bcl-2.Results Black garlic extract significantly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells.Black garlic extract significantly induced apoptosis of HeLa cells.The apoptosis rate was (53.26 ± 1.78)％ in the black garlic high-dose group,and (3.68 ±0.11)％ in the control group.Black garlic extract affected cell cycle,upregulated bax expression,and downregulated bcl-2 expression.Conclusions Black garlic extract significantly induced the apoptosis of HeLa cells.This effect might be caused through increasing G2/M cells or changing expressions of bax and bcl-2.

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene-rs1007888 and the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods A total of 120 GDM pregnant women (GDM group) and 165 healthy pregnant women (control group) from Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Qingdao University were recruited from June 2011 to July 2012.Their age,gestational week,height and weight were recorded.The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FIN) were determined.Body mass index (BMI),the hemeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hemeostasis model assessment-β cell function (HOMA-β) were calculated.DNA was extracted from fasting blood samples.SNP of MIFrs1007888G/A was determined by DNA sequencing.The FBG,FIN,HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were compared between GDM group and the control group.They were also compared among pregnancies withdifferent genotypes.Results (1) GDM group had higher FBG,FIN and HOMA-IR levels,but lower HOMA-β than the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) MIF-rs1007888 SNP genotype frequencies of GG,GA and AA were 37.5％,45.8％ and 16.7％,and the allelic frequencies of G and A were 60.4％,39.6％ in GDM group; However,in the control group,the frequencies of GG,GA and AA were 26.1％,54.5％ and 19.4％,and the allelic frequencies of G and A were 53.3％,46.7％,respectively.The distributions of MIF genotypes in GDM patients were significantly different from the healthy subjects (P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference of MIF-rs1007888 allele distributions was observed between GDM group and the control group (P ＞0.05).(3) The FBG,FIN and HOMA-IR in pregnant women with GG genotype were statistically higher than those with GA or AA genotypes,while HOMA-β was lower in women with GG genotype (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions The SNP of MIF rs-1007888 was related to the insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function of pregnant women.GG genotype of MIF-rsl007888 might be a genetic susceptible factor in the pathogenesis of GDM.

In order to prevent the teaching reform of organ system curriculum from fall of teaching quality, the teaching effect of organ system curriculum and subject curriculum system in teaching the basic knowledge of pathophysiology was compared. In organ system curriculum teaching, there was no difference between the grades of students in Batch 2011 and Batch 2012 who conformed to the teaching principle of "gradual improvement" and those of the students taught with subject curriculum system. On the contrary, the students of Batch 2013 and Batch 2014 with insufficient curriculum content integration had a decreasing trend or a significant reduction in the teaching effect of organ system curriculum compared with that of subject curriculum system. After the supplementary for curriculum knowledge was made, the teaching effect of the organ system was significantly improved, which was better than that of the subject curriculum system. In conclusion, we have summarized and reflected on the effectiveness of the teaching reform of organ system curriculum, once again proved that basic medical teaching must also follow the inherent law of medical education, which is the teaching principle of "gradual improvement."

Objective : To investigate the occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens among medical workers in a tertiary general hospital in Hangzhou City from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide the evidence for improving occupational protective measures among medical workers. Methods: The registration and follow-up data of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens among medical workers from 2010 to 2022 were collected from the blood-borne occupational exposure monitoring system in a tertiary general hospital in Hangzhou City. The population distribution, occurrence, protection and disposal of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 1 230 cases were reported with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens among medical workers in the study hospital from 2010 to 2022, with the highest incidence in 2021 (4.67%) and the lowest incidence in 2010 (0.99%). The incidence of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens appeared a tendency forwards a rise from 2010 to 2022 (P<0.05). Of all cases with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, there were 934 women (75.93%), 656 nurses (53.33%), and 514 cases with working experiences of one year and shorter (41.79%). Hand was the predominant site of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens (92.03%) and ward was the predominant place of exposure (35.37%), while scalp needle was the predominant mode of exposure (32.68%), and removal of needle was the predominant procedure of exposure (32.36%). A total of 1 106 cases were tested for the blood-borne pathogens in the exposure sources, and 448 cases were tested positive for blood-borne pathogens, with a detection rate of 40.51%. Hepatitis B virus, treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus were the three most common blood-borne pathogens, and there were 739 cases (60.08%) with personal protective equipment during exposure. Following the follow-up surveillance for more than 6 months post-exposure, no infections occurred. Conclusions Junior nurses and hand exposure were predominant among medical workers with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens in the study hospital from 2010 to 2022, and hepatitis B virus was the predominant blood-borne pathogen. No post-exposure infections occurred.

OBJECTIVETo study the infrared (IR) fingerprint spectra of Coptis chinensis for different parts, ages, and heights, and to analyze the integrate rules about the content of berberine component in Coptis chinensis for different parts, ages, and heights.

METHODThe Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to detect the infrared spectra of Coptis chinensis samples rapidly and non-separately.

RESULTSThe IR spectra of the root, leafstalk, and fibre of Coptis chinesis have their unique features. The content of berberine component in Coptis chinensis was different for different parts and the sequence: root > leafstalk > fibre. When Coptis chinensis grows, the content of berberine component in leafstalk also increases. The content of berberine component in leafstalk which planting in 1 200 m was less than that in 1 300, 1 400, and 1 500 m. The ages and heights provide no obvious influences on the content of berberine in the root of Coptis chinensis.

CONCLUSIONUsing FTIR spectroscopy, the quality of Coptis chinensis can be controlled, which provides a useful method for the standardized planting of Coptis chinensis.

Altitude ; Berberine ; analysis ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Time Factors

Objective To explore the interaction between serum melatonin and the status of disease and probe the effect factor of serum melatonin change in asthmatic children.Methods Serum melatonin was measured in asthmatic children with 15 cases of mild persistent asthma,15 cases of moderate persistent asthma,15 cases of severe persistent asthma,15 cases of stable asthma and 15 cases of normal subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The levels of serum melatonin in the 5 groups of mild persistent asthma,moderate presistent asthma,Severe Persistent asthma,Stable asthma,control subject were(22.76?5.16)ng/L,(16.79?3.35)ng/L,(11.54?1.45)ng/L,(22.06?3.36)ng/L,(28.72?4.32)ng/L,respectively.There were significant differences between any of them(Pa

Objective To analyze the medical service pricing policy of 30 provinces and autonomous regions in China and recommend on problems and challenges, for reference of medical service pricing reform in the future.Methods Literature review and policy analysis were used for summary and performance appraisal of medical service pricing of China.Results Most of the areas surveyed followed the step-by-step approach to gradually adjust pricing, while a few areas completed it in a one-time adjustment manner.2015 witnessed most areas, up to 20 (66.67%), in price adjustment;their price adjustments focused on price reduction of large-scale medical equipment inspection fees and some medical tests.On the other hand, prices of diagnosis, nursing care, and treatment which are labor-intensive were increased.Conclusions Specifications of medical services are improving, yet there exist great gaps in the convergence of medical insurance.It is advisable to expedite the convergence of the new version specifications, to achieve value regression and dynamic price adjustment of medical services.