OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Yishen Daluo Decoction (YDD) on the expression of protein lipoprotein (PLP), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig 1), and oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

METHODSTotally 40 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the normal group, the model group, the Chinese medicine (CM) group, and the Western medicine (WM) group, 10 mice in each group. Each mouse in the model, CM, and WM groups was subcutaneously injected with 200 microL antigen emulsion (containing 150 micro g PLP139 -151 and 400 micro g H37RA) in two parts at the upper abdomen on the first day. 100 microLBordetella pertussis juice (containing 0. 6 x 10(6) Bordetella pertussis) was injected by caudal vein on the first and the third day. On the 7th day after modeling, each mouse in the normal group and the model group was intragastrically given normal saline (0. 1 mL/10 g). YDD (0. 2 g crude drug/10 g) was intragastrically given to mice in the CM group, and prednisone (0. 039 mg/10 g) was intragastrically given to mice in the WM group. All mice were intervened for 54 days. Changes of PLP, Olig1, and Olig2 in the brain tissue of EAE mice were detected by Western blot. Results The levels of PLP and Olig2 in the brain tissue of the model group were less than those of the normal group (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of PLP, Olig1, and Olig2 in the brain tissue increased in the CM group (P <0.05); the levels of PLP and Olig2 in the brain tissue increased in the WM group (P <0.05). Compared with the WM group, the level of Olig1 in the brain tissue increased in the CM group (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONYDD could enhance remyelination by elevating the levels of Olig1 and Olig2 in the brain tissue of EAE mice.

Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Brain ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Transcription Factors

The culture medium and cultural conditions of solid-state fermentation of Streptomyces Menmyco-93-63 were tested in this study. The suitable medium which contains rice, sorghum, millet bran, and rice hull with the proportion of 2:2:3:3 was developed for the spore production of Streptomyces Men-myco-93-63 using single substrate screening, mixture substrate screening and orthogonal experiments, and the sporulation was up to 2.52?109 CFU/g. And then, initial charge, initial ratio of water to solid, inoculating quantity, and culture temperature impact to sporulation of Streptomyces Men-myco-93-63 were tested. The favorite cultural conditions are developed as the following: the initial charge is 15 g in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask; initial ratio of water to solid is 1.7:1.0 (V/W, rice hull excluding), inoculating quantity is 7 mL, culture temperature is 28℃.

AIM: To study effect of the Bushen Ningxin decoction, a Chinese medicine, on the adherence of monocytes to endothelial cells and its mechanism. METHODS: Using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as target cells, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was added to the endothelial cell culture to prepare the model of human endothelial cell injury. The serum of rabbits having been treated with Bushen Ningxin decoction was added to trial architecture, the adherence of monocyte-like cell line U937 to HUVECs was analyzed using Rose Bengal staining. In addition, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and E-selectin in HUVECs was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Treatment of HUVEC with ox-LDL (100 mg/L) for 24 hours significantly increased adhesion of U937 to HUVECs. If serum of the animal treated with Bushen Ningxin decoction was added to trial architecture, the adhesion decreased significantly. The flow cytometry analysis showed that ox-LDL could induce the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs. Serum of the animal treated with Bushen Ningxin decoction significantly decreased the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs. CONCLUSION: The Bushen Ningxin Chinese herb-containing serum has an inhibitory effect on the adherence of monocytes to endothelial cells, probably by way of down-regulating the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E -selectin in endothelial cells.

Objective To investigate the detecting values of gastric pH for the neonatal asphyxia.Methods: From August 2013 to February 2015 in our hospital, 78 asphyxia were randomly and equally divided into the observation group and control group.All cases were given gastric pH testing, digestion tract bleeding Monitoring, reflux conditions and routine procedure for treatment.The patients in the observation group received Smecta treatment on the basis of conventional therapy.Results The gastric pH values at 72 h and 48 h after treatment in the observation group were significantly higher (P＜0.05) , and showed a rising trend, the gastric pH values at 24 h after treatment had no statistically significant between two groups.The upper gastrointestinal bleeding rates in the observation group during treatment were 5.1％, which was significantly lower than the control group (23.1％) (P＜0.05).The reflux continued ≥5 min frequency and longest reflux time in the observation group were significantly less than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion For neonatal asphyxia, the gastric pH determination can effectively detect gastrointestinal bleeding and gastroesophageal reflux, the early applying of Smecta intervention can increase gastric pH value, improve neonatal outcomes.

OBJECTIVEs To assess the understanding degree of urologists for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the clinical characteristics of BPH patients.

METHODSThe questionnaires was distributed to urologists and patients in 119 hospitals over the country, respectively. The urologist survey was mainly focused on the questions of BPH progression and therapeutic model. The patient survey was mainly focused on the questions of patient's age, symptom features and the preference to receiving treatment.

RESULTSThe evaluations based on 289 completed urologist questionnaires and 4253 completed patient questionnaires showed that 98.6% of urologists agreed that BPH was a progressive disease but there were still some differences in understanding the risk factors for BPH progression. Additionally, 98.1% of patients were diagnosed to be moderate or severe BPH, nocturia was the most frequent symptom. In the treatment for BPH, both the urologists and patients concerned about how to improve the system rapidly.

CONCLUSIONSThis study is the first questionnaires specifically to the urologists and BPH patients, the results would reflect the situations of BPH diagnosis and treatment in China and would be helpful to the development of BPH guideline.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patients ; Physicians ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This paper introduces a random measurement analysis of, lung function measurement values with two different apparatus. in 41 patients. It shows that the differences are not statistically significant (P>0.05) between two apparatus measurement values except DLCO, FEF25, FEF75 in the group of normal ventilation, FVC in the group of abnormal ventilation. The two groups are both correlated closely (r> 0.9) except MMF(r=0.7725, RV r=0.808) in the normal group of ventilation, and FEF75 (r=0.58) in the abnormal group of ventilation (p<0.001). The two apparatus with different measuring theories have a good correlation.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Function Tests ; instrumentation ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Bushen Ningxin recipe (BNR) on atherosclerosis in ovariectomized rabbits.

METHODSTwenty-six female New Zealand white rabbits of three months old were randomly divided into four groups, the normal group, the sham operation group, the control group (ovariectomized) and the treated group (ovariectomized and treated with BNR). All rabbits, except the normal group, were fed with high-cholesterol diet starting from two weeks after operation, and to the treated group BNR was given additionally for 3 months. Levels of blood lipid (TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C) and NO were measured at the end of the 12th week, and at the same time, histomorphological and pathological examination of aorta under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the ratio of atherosclerotic area of lesion/endothelium ratio (AL/AE) and thickness of endothelium/medium ratio (TE/TM) were estimated using image analyzer.

RESULTSNo significant difference was found in levels of blood lipid between groups, except those in the normal group. As compared with the control group, in the treated group, level of serum NO was higher, AL/AE and TE/TM were lower and the pathological changes of aorta was milder.

CONCLUSIONBNR could inhibit the atherosclerosis formation in ovariectomized rabbits, it showed protection on vascular endothelial cells.

Animals ; Arteriosclerosis ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Ovariectomy ; Postmenopause ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of bortezomib on prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after mouse allogeneic-bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) and its mechanism.

METHODSC57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mice were used as donors and BALB/c (H-2d+) mice as recipients. After allo-BMT, the BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups, ie. group A:BMT control, group B: BMT + early infusion of bortezomib (1 mg kg(-1) d(-1), day 0-3), group C: BMT + late infusion of bortezomib (1 mg kg(-1) d(-1), day 5-7). Clinical manifestations of aGVHD, pathohistological changes, survival rate and levels of recipients H-2(b) cells detected by flow cytometry in the recipient mice were observed. Monodirectional mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) system was established ex vivo and different concentrations of bortezomib (0, 2, 4, 8 nmol/L) were added to the system. The viability of the cells was detected by CCK-8 assay and cells apoptosis by flow cytometry. The concentrations of IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha in the supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSThe mice in group A developed typical aGVHD and all died of aGVHD within 3 weeks after transplantation, with a median survival time of (16.1 +/- 2.5) d. The symptoms of aGVHD was milder in group B than in group A, and the median survival time was significantly longer. The 60-day survival rate in group B was 70%, being significantly higher than that in other two groups(P<0.05). The mean value of donor-derived cell (H-2(b) cells) in group B was (98.1 +/- 1.1)% at 60 days. The symptoms of aGVHD was significantly severer in group C than in group A, and the median survival time was shorter. Bortezomib inhibited the cells viability in MLC system in a dose-dependent manner. After treated with 8 nmol/L bortezomib for 24 h, the inhibition ratio of cells viability was (41.4 +/- 6.0)%. The cell apoptosis rate increased gradually with bortezomib treatment for 12 h, 24 h and 36 h. After treated with 8 nmol/L bortezomib for 36 h, the apoptosis rate was (62.8 +/- 7.0)%. After treated for 24 h, the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in the supernatant were decreased.

CONCLUSIONSBortezomib administered immediately after allogeneic BMT can prevent aGVHD, improve the survival rate and have no influence of engraftment in the recipient mice. Delayed administration of bortezomib results in acceleration of aGVHD-induced mortality. Its mechanism maybe inhibition of the lymphocyte viability, increase of the cells apoptosis rate, and inhibition of secretion of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Boronic Acids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Bortezomib ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution of virulent genes of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) in Ningxia Hui autonomous region and the characteristics of the molecular patterns of Y. enterocolitica.

METHODS283 strains of Y. enterocolitica were isolated in Ningxia Hui autonomous region between year 1997 and 2010. The genes ail, ystA, ystB, yadA and virF were analyzed by PCR method; the chromosomal DNA of Y. enterocolitica was digested by restriction endonucleases NotI and processed by pulsed-field gel electrophoreses (PFGE); and then the cluster analysis were conducted by BioNumeric computer software towards the above results.

RESULTSOf all, 209 strains of serotypes O:3 and O:9 Y.enterocolitica showed positive virulence of genes ail, ystA, yadA and virF; 97.6% (204/209) of which, the ystB virulence were negative. The virulence of all genes in serotype O:8 and serum-unclassified strains were negative. 9 out of 11 strains of serotype O:5 Y. enterocolitica showed negative virulence of the above five genes. By PFGE, according to the NotI Macrorestriction Map on chromosomal DNA, the 29 strains of serotype O:3 Y. enterocolitica were divided into 12 PFGE patterns, 2 of which were dominant patterns which could be found in over 5 strains; and the 180 strains of serotype O:9 Y. enterocolitica were divided into 13 patterns, 4 of which were dominant patterns which existed in over 10 strains; which were isolated individually from pigs and house mouse, pigs and dogs as well as pigs and wild rabbits.

CONCLUSIONY.enterocolitica serotypes O:3 and O:9 were pathogenic in Ningxia, and serotype O:3 becomes predominant gradually. O:5, O:8 and serum-unclassified serotypes were non-pathogenic.

Animals ; Bacterial Toxins ; genetics ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Dogs ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; methods ; Genes, Bacterial ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Sus scrofa ; Virulence ; Yersinia Infections ; microbiology ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the sex chromosomes and the expression of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) on activated human unfertilized oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) with calcium ionophore A23187 and puromycin.

METHODSAll 95 discarded oocyes that showed no evidence of fertilization at 16-18 h after in vitro maturation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles (IVM-ICSI)/conventional ICSI were exposed to calcium ionophore A23187 (5 micromol/L) for 5 min and then were incubated with puromycin (10 microg/mL) for 4 h. After activation, the oocytes were cultured in vitro for 3-5 days. The sex chromosome analysis was performed by dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization. The expression of IGF-II on the activated embryos, normal embryos, and parthenotes was examined.

RESULTSThe combination of calcium ionophore A23187 with puromycin could activate the unfertilized oocytes 22 h after ICSI. The activated rate, cleavage rate, and quality of activated embryos of the IVM-ICSI group were similar to those of ICSI group, respectively. Sex chromosome analysis indicated that 8 male and 5 female embryos had been derived from two pronucleus and a second polar body. The expression of IGF-II on activated embryos and normal embryos was high and similar, which was much stronger than that of parthenotes.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of calcium ionophore A23187 with puromycin could effectively activate unfertilized oocytes 22 h after ICSI. Moreover, the unfertilized oocytes activated by calcium ionophore A23187 and puromycin had normal sex chromosomes and expression of IGF-II like the normal embryos. These suggest that oocyte activation may be considered as a remedial measure in the presence of total or nearly total fertilization failure in ICSI.

Calcimycin ; pharmacology ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; metabolism ; Ionophores ; pharmacology ; Oocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Puromycin ; pharmacology ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; methods