The study investigated the burden of smear-positive pulmonary TB and its infectivity, using DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Year) as an indicator. An assumed cohort of 2000 cases was set up based on the age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear positive cases of TB in Beijing in 1994. Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivity under natural history and DOTS (Direct Observed Treatment, Short-course) strategy were established according to the epidemiological evidence. The results show that 29.6% of DALYs would be neglected if the burden caused by the infectivity was not considered. The results also show that DOTS strategy may reduce 97.3% of the number of potential cases infected, 92.9% of DALYs related to TB-patients themselves, and 99.9% of DALYs caused by TB's infectivity as well.

The cost-effectiveness of DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, short course) and non-DOTS strategies for smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Beijing was evaluated. Cost calculation was based on the expenses of drugs, chest X-ray films, sputum smears and cultures for the patients. Effectiveness of the intervention was assessed in two aspects: direct benefits to the patients treated and indirect benefits to the others through reduced transmission of tuberculosis; disability adjusted life of year (DALY) was used as an index. The results showed that one DALY could be saved with 45.7 Yuan by DOTS and 471.4 Yuan by non-DOTS. DOTS is a good control strategy for smear-positive tuberculosis.

The present study aims to investigate the effects of soluble endoglin (sEng) on invasive ability of cultured cytotrophoblasts of first trimester of pregnancy. Cytotrophoblasts of normal 6 to 8-week pregnancy were cultured by trypsin digestion method, and were incubated with cell culture medium without (control group) and with 10 μg/L sEng (sEng group), respectively for 24 h. The invasive ability was determined by transwell invasion assay, and expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that the invasive ability of cytotrophoblasts in sEng group was lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA and protein of cytotrophoblasts were significantly lower (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sEng may participate in the genesis of preeclampsia by affecting the invasive ability of cytotrophoblasts through regulation of the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9.
Antigens, CD ; pharmacology ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Endoglin ; Female ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Placentation ; physiology ; Pre-Eclampsia ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Trophoblasts ; cytology

Objective To determine the clinical value of 24 h double-probe pH-mctry for the diagnosis and treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Methods According to the pH-metry resuhs (whether the reflux events record in the upper esophagus is more than 6.9), patients of refractory pharyngolaryngitis were divided into LPR and control groups (each of 17 cases).All patients treated with anti-acid therapy and conventional pharyngo-laryngitis therapy.Correlation between pH-metry and the reflux symptom index (RSI),the reflux symptom index (RFI) were analyzed.Changes of the RSI and RFI in different group were calculated in post-treatment.Results In the LPR group,the median reflux events of the upright time were higher than the supine time ( Z =- 3.62,P ＜ 0.01 ),but the difference was not discovered in the control group(Z =-0.60,P ＞ 0.05 ).There were no statistical difference between RSI,RSI and RFS with pH-metry,and with moderate concordance ( κ were 0.47,0.53,P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Compared to pre-treatment, the RSI and RFI were decreased both in LPR group and contorl group,Amplitude decreased in LPR group significantly higher than the contorl groups,with statistical difference( t were 3.74,3.01,P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Conclusion The 24 h double-probe pH-metry is significant for the anti-acid therapy of LPR.

AIMTo study the effect of chimonin on chronic hypoxia and hypercapnic pulmonary hypertension and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSSD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (A), hypoxic hypercapnic group(B), hypoxic hypercapnia + chimonin group (C). HO-1 and HO-1 mRNA was observed in pulmonary arterioles of rats by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

RESULTS(1) mPAP was significantly higher in rats of B group than that of A and C group. Differences of mCAP were not significant in three groups. (2) Blood CO concentration was significantly higher in rats of B group than that of A group, it was significantly higher in rats of C group than that of B group. (3) Light microscopy showed that WA/TA (vessel wall area/total area), SMC (the density of medial smooth muscle cell) and PAMT (the thickness of medial smooth cell layer) were significantly higher in rats of B group than those of A and C group. (4) Electron microscopy showed proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibers of pulmonary arterioles in rats of B group, and chimonin could reverse the changes mentioned above. (5) HO-1 and HO-1 mRNA in pulmonary arterioles was significantly higher in rats of B group than that of A group, they were significantly higher in rats of C group than that of B group.

CONCLUSIONChimonin can inhibit hypoxic hypercapnia pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vessel remodeling by further increasing the expression of HO-1 mRNA.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; metabolism ; Hypercapnia ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of drug-separated moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on ulcerative colitis (UC) and the influence on autoimmunity level, and study on the mechanism.

METHODSSixty cases were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group were treated with drug-separated moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) and the control group with oral administration of sulphasalazine and metronidazole tablets. The main symptoms, pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa and the total therapeutic effect in the two groups before and after treatment, and the changes of the content of blood serum immunoglobulin, peripheral blood T-cell subgroup and NK cell were observed.

RESULTSThe markedly effective rate and the total effective rate in the treatment group were 60.0% and 86.7% respectively, much higher than the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). IgG content in the treatment group after treatment significantly decreased with a significant difference as compared with the control group (P<0.05); there were no significant differences in IgA and IgM before and after the treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, peripheral blood T-cell subgroup and NK cell in the treatment group increased to a certain extent, which was correlated positively to the therapeutic effect.

CONCLUSIONThe drug-separated moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) is a satisfactory method for treatment of ulcerative colitis, and it exerts therapeutic effect possibly through regulating immunological function of the organism.

Acupuncture Points ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Moxibustion ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical therapeutic effect of medicine-separated moxibustion on primary dysmenorrhea and study on the mechanism.

METHODSNinety-six cases of primary dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 48 cases in each group. They were treated respectively with medicine-separated moxibustion and Yueyueshu Perfusing Powder for 3 consecutive months.

RESULTSThe markedly effective and cured rate and the total effective rate were 87.5% and 100.0% in the treatment group, and 29.2% and 83.8% in the control group with significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). After treatment, blood prosglanding F2 content in menorrhea blood and oxytocin level in plasma during menstruation decreased significantly as compared with those before treatment (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe medicine-separated moxibustion has a reliable therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea and the therapeutic effect is exerted possibly by regulating abnormal prosglanding and oxytocin levels in the patient.

Acupuncture Points ; Dysmenorrhea ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Moxibustion

1.22-4.56), 2.05(1.07-3.94) and 5.56(2.54-12.18) respectively. Conclusion Essential hypertension might positively be affected by the interaction of the C (-344) T polymorphism of CYP11B2 and the drinking index in Chinese Mongolian population.

The study investigated the burden of smear-positive pulmonary TB and its infectivity using DALY(disability-adjusted life year) as an indicator. Methods An assumed cohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on the age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cases in Beijing in 1994. Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivity under natural history and DOTS(directly observed treatment, short-course) strategy were established according to the epidemiological evidence. Results The results showed that 29.6%of DALYs would be neglected if the burden caused by the infectivity was not considered.Conclusion DOTS strategy may reduce 97.3% of the number of potential cases infected,92.9% of DALYs related to TB-patients themselves. and 99.9% of DALYs caused by TB's infectivity as well.

Objective To study the effect of preemptive analgesia with celecoxib and parecoxib on the postoperative pain and stress responses of patients with leg fracture.Methods Eighty-two patients with leg fracture were randomly divided into experiment group( n =41 ) which received preemptive analgesia,and control group( n =41 ) which received routine analgesia.The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measured patients'pain at 4,8,12,24,48 h after operation.Levels of blood angiotensin-Ⅱ,cortisol and glucagon were assayed at various times as follows:pre-operation,end of surgery,postoperative 0,4,12,24 h,and adverse effects rate was observed in two groups.Results The postoperative 4,8,12,24 h score of experiment group were ( 3.54 ± 0.68),(4.08 ±0.97),(3.41 ± 0.59),respectively,lower than that of control group that were (4.63 ± 0.92),(5.38 ± 1.17),(4.48 ± 0.76 ),and the differences were statistically significant ( t =4.274 5,4.875 4,4.453 7,respectively ; P ＜0.05 ).While there was no significant difference detected in the VAS score of 24,48h between two groups (P ＞0.05).Levels of blood angiotensin- Ⅱ,cortisol and glucagon of patients' in 0,4,12 h of experiment group were significantly lower than that of the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ),while no significant difference was found in the preoperation and post-operation 24 h between two groups( P ＞ 0.05 ).Adverse effects rate of experiment group was 7.3％ significantly lower than 31.7％ that of control group,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.77,P ＜0.01 ).There were 13 cases received the medicine of tramadol in experiment group and 32 cases in control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =10.05,P ＜0.0 1 ).Conclusions Preemptive analgesia with celecoxib and parecoxib could decrease the postoperative pain of patients with leg fracture and reduce the adverse effects rate significantly and the stress reaction in postoperative period.