Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inventions

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the serum of traditional Chinese medicine Nao Yi An on glutamate induced cell death in cultured hippocampal neurons of rat and the underlying mechanisms. MethodsHippocampal neurons were cultured. The excitatory amino acid induced toxicity on cultured neurons was investigated. The viability of injured neurons was determined with the measurement of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined by immunoprecipitation /kinase assays /western blot detection.ResultsThe serum of Nao Yi-An raised cell viability. The serum of Nao Yi-An upregulated the expression of extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK) and downregulated the expression of c-Jun N terminal kinase/stress activited protein kinase(JNK) in cultured neurons. The serum of Nao Yi-An induced upregulation of ERK and its anti death action were prevented with the specific ERKs inhibitor PD98059. Conclusions Activation of ERK signaling together with inhibition of JNK signaling by Chinese medicine Nao Yi-An appears to be an important mechanism for its survival effects on cultured hippocampal neurons.

Objective To determine the three dimensional motion data of each segment of cervical vertebrae and analyze the characteristics of the intervertebral coupled motion during cervical axial rotation under physiological weight bearing. Methods A total of 16 healthy volunteers (ranging from 22 to 29, median age, 23 years) were recruited to our study. Any cervical spine disorder history, pain or other discomfort and malformations were excluded so as to avoid abnormal neck motion. These subjects underwent CT scans of their cervical segments in a supine position, and 3D models of C1-C7 were constructed. Next, each subject was asked to sit up straight and was positioned in the following sequence:maximal left and right twisting, while double oblique images by DFIS were taken simultaneously at each of the positions. Then, the CT models were matched to the osseous outlines of the images from the two oblique views to quantify the position of cervical vertebraes in 3D at each position. Through local coordinate systems at the center of vertebral bodies, changes of position and angle of each cephalad vertebrae relative to the cauddal one were calculated before and after the axial rotation. Results (1) In the axial rotation of the cervical spine, the contribution of C1/2 accounted for the most of the total cervical rotation range. For the lower levels, axial rotation was found to be maximal at C3/4 and C5/6, minimal at C2/3. (2) In cervical axial motion, C1/2 demonstrated a coupled lateral bending opposite to the axial rotation direction, while each segment of C2-7 demonstrated coupled lateral bending towards the same side of the axial rotation. Among these segments the lateral bending angle of C2/3 was smaller than angles of C3/4, C4/5 and C5/6. Conclusion This study investigated the cervical coupling behavior using the noninvasive 2D-3D matching technique and obtained the motion data at each cervical spinal segment. These findings will help to improve the understanding on physiological cervical spine movement and potential biomechanical mechanism and treatment of cervical spondylosis. Also our data may provide useful reference for the prosthesis design.

Objective To explore effect of probiotics on improving the feeding intolerance in very low birth weight infants(VLBWI). Methods Sixty cases of VLBWI were randomly divided into two groups, 30 infants as therapy group,another 30 infants as control group.All infants in two groups were given aggressive intravenous nutrition and enteral feeding with preterm formulars. At the same time, probiotics were administered combined with preterm formulars to infants in therapy group. Milk amount, gastric residual, initial time of enteral feeding, time required for full enteral feeding and body weight on day 21 after birth were all recorded.Results Rate of no gastric residual increased significantly in therapy group compared with that of control group(t=6.24 P

Objective To observe the changes in gut mucosal barrier and gut-origin bacteria-endotoxin translocation in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) rats. Methods Wistar rats were divided randomly into normal group (n=6), sham operation group (n=30) and ANP group (n=39). ANP was introduced by infusion of artificial bile into biliopancreatic duct. Morphology of pancreas and intestine were observed and tight junction on ileum epithelia were assessed by cryofracture replicas electroscopy. Plasma levels of D-lactic acid and endotoxin were examined at various time points. The rates of bacterial translocation to abdominal organs were also calculated. Results Mucosal and tight junction damages of the gut were found during early stage of ANP. Simultaneously, plasma D-lactate levels increased and endotoxemia occurred. The rate of bacterial translocation to organs was 59.5% 72h after ANP occurred. Conclusions Gut barrier function can be injured in the early stage of ANP, and resulting in gut origin bacteria-endotoxin translocation, which may be the originator of systemic inflammatory reaction and secondary infection of the pancreas.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical characteristics and treatment of posterior Pilon fracture.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to January 2013,18 patients with posterior Pilon fracures were treated. Among them, 13 were male and 5 were female, aged from 22 to 63 years old, with an average age of 46. All the patients were closed fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed after swelling subsided, lateral malleolous and posterior Pilon fracture were exposured through lateral approach on healthy side, plates were used to fixed,screws or small plates were used to fix the posterior prominence of medial malleolus after changed to supine position. AOFAS scoring were applied to evaulate clinical effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with an average of 22(ranged, 12 to 48)months. All patients obtained satisfactory reset except one patient. All factures were recovered well with an average healing of 11 weeks. According to AOFAS score at the final following up, 7 cases were excellent,2 cases were moderate, and the total score was 86.8±9.2.

CONCLUSIONPosterior Pilon fracture is not rare in clinical, its mechanism of injury, traumatic anatomy, surgical procedure and prognosis are different from that of classical ankle fracture and Pilon fracture.

Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the expression and significance of differential expression gene Hepsin in the prostate cancer (PC) screened by the cDNA microarray technique.Methods The techniques of semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Hepsin. Specimens of 40 cases of PC, 15 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 6 normal prostate tissues were examined by the immunohistochemical stain.Results Hepsin was more expressed in PC tissue than normal prostate tissue (P=0.026) and was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical test confirmed this and demonstrated that Hepsin did not expressed in normal prostate but expressed in PC and BPH and there was a significant difference in Hepsin expression level between PC and BPH tissues ( P=0.000).Conclusion Hepsin high expressed in PC may be a new molecular marker in early diagnosis of PC and a new target for gene therapy of PC.

BACKGROUNDIt is still a challenge for the cardiac surgeons to achieve adequate revascularization for diffused coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary endarterectomy (CE) offers an alternative choice of coronary artery reconstruction and revascularization. In this study, short-term result of CE combined with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was discussed in the treatment for the diffused CAD.

METHODSFrom January 2012 to April 2014, 221 cases of CABG were performed by the same surgeon in our unit. Among these cases, 38 cases of CE + CABG were performed, which was about 17.2% (38/221) of the cohort. All these patients were divided into two groups: CE + CABG group (Group A) and CABG alone group (Group B). All clinical data were compared between the two groups, and postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. The categorical and continuous variables were analyzed by Chi-square test and Student's t-test respectively.

RESULTSDiabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral vascular disease were more common in group A. In this cohort, a total of 50 vessels were endarterectomized. Among them, CE was performed on left anterior descending artery in 11 cases, on right coronary artery in 29 cases, on diagonal artery in 3 cases, on intermediate artery in 2 cases, on obtuse marginal artery in 5 cases. There was no hospital mortality in both groups. The intro-aortic balloon pump was required in 3 cases in Group A (3/38), which was more often than that in Group B (3/183). At the time of follow-up, coronary computed tomography angiogram showed all the grafts with CE were patent (50/50). There is no cardio-related mortality in both groups. All these patients were free from coronary re-intervention.

CONCLUSIONSCoronary endarterectomy + CABG can offer satisfactory result for patients with diffused CAD in a short-term after the operation.

Aged ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; adverse effects ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; surgery ; Endarterectomy ; methods ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Neuronal apoptosis produced a main effect in secondary injury after injury of central nervous system. Recently, minocycline has been reported to protect neurologic function evidently by decreasing apoptosis.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of minocycline on apoptosis and expression of related factor, and protective effect of minocycline on neurologic function of injured spine after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at the Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between November 2003 and December 2004. A total of 36male SD rats were divided into four groups: ①Blank control group (group A) with 6 rats, ②injured group (group B) with 10 rats, ③minocycline treatment group (group C) with 10 rats, and ④methylprednisolone treatment group (group D) with 10 rats.METHODS: The animal SCI model was established. Spinal cords of rats in the group A were exposed without injury. Spines of rats in the group B were injured without treatment. Rats of group C was treated with minocycline (50 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection at 1 hour after injury, and 24 hours later another 50 mg/kg was given, and then another 25 mg/kg was injected for 5 days. Methylprednisolone (100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 1 hour after injury in the group D. The rats in the group A and the group B were treated with saline, and the method of administration was the same with that of the group C.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Neurofunction evaluation of rats in each group. ②Expressions of Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Bax) were tested with immunocytochemical method. ③Apoptosis index of spinal tissue of rats of each group.RESULTS: A total of 36 rats were involved in the result analysis. ①Neurofunction of rats in the group C increased as compared with the group B (P ＜ 0.05), and there was insignificant difference between group C and the group D (P ＞ 0.05). ②Bcl-2 positive expressive cells in the group C was more than that in the group B, and showed obvious difference between the two groups [(62.53±7.76)%, (35.14±3.70)%,P ＜ 0.05]. There was insignificant difference between expressions of Bcl-xl and Bax in group C as compared with the group B (P ＞ 0.05). ③The number of apoptosis positive cells in the group B was more than that in the group C and D [(44.63± 5.90)%, (32.71± 5.26)%, (34.31± 6.84)%,P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Minocycline can up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, and raise the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, so as to inhibit the neural apoptosis of spine,which have protective effect on neurologic function of injured spine.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship of TCM syndrome type of gastric mucosal epithelial growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) for exploring the essence of TCM type and providing a theoretical basis of clinical treatment.

METHODSTCM syndrome type of 200 patients with diagnosis of CAG confirmed by fibro-gastroscope and pathological examination were differentially classified, and the expressions of EGF, VEGF and PCNA in different types were determined using immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSPatients were differentiated as Pi-Wei deficiency type (Type I ) in 72; Gan-Wei disharmony type (Type II ) in 43; Pi-deficiency with qi stagnation type (Type III) in 32; Wei-yin deficiency type (Type IV) in 24; Pi-Wei damp-heat type (Type V) in 14; and Wei-collateral stasis obstruction type (Type VI) in 5. The difference of PCNA expression level between Type II with Type I , III and IV was significant (P < 0.05). No significant difference in expression levels of EGF and VEGF was found among the 6 types (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONType I and II were the dominant TCM syndrome types in CAG patients; the high expression of PCNA might be a diagnostic evidence for Gan-Wei disharmony syndrome.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; biosynthesis ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Syndrome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis