A piece of news was introduced into pharmacology course examination.Students were asked to make comments on the news based on pharmacology knowledge or principles.All points of view were summarized and given back to the students after the examination. The right way to answer the question was discussed and a consensus on the answer was reached.lt was indicated that the teaching method in the trial is helpful for improvement of students' overall analytical skills.

Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Congresses as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Societies, Medical ; Specialization ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate effects of dendritic cells (DC) vaccine on immune function in postoperative gastric cancer patients Methods DCs were extracted and pulsed with self tumor antigens in vitro Fifty patients with gastric cancer were divided into 2 groups randomly Four times of DC vaccinations were administered at 7 days intervals to the postoperative patients in treatment group after they underwent chemotherapy The control group were treated with chemotherapy only The level of IL 12 、 IFN ? and IL 4 in peripheral blood were analysed Results In DCs group, the levels of IL 12 were 37?4、 68?6、 96?12 and 59?9 pg/ml, the levels of IFN ? were 61?12、 134?19、 145?20 and 111?15 pg/ml, and levels of IL 4 were 55?7、 49?6、 46?5 and 50?8 pg/ml before and 2, 4 and 8 weeks after vaccination, respectively In control group, the levels of IL 12 were 39?7、 45?9、 44?10 and 44?6 pg/ml, the levels of IFN ? were 63?10、 61?13、 62?11、 61?7 pg/ml, and levels of IL 4 were 52?11、 55?9、 53?10、 55?8 pg/ml before and 2, 4 and 8 weeks after vaccination, respectively The levels of IL 12 and IFN ? increased significantly in DCs group No severe side effects were found during treatment Conclusion DC vaccine improves immune function of posroprative patients with gastric cancer

Objective To evaluate the curative effects of percutaneous osteoperiosteal decortication combined with distraction osteogenesis for treatment of nonunion of lower-extremity bones.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of the 32 patients who had been treated using osteoperiosteal decortication combined with distraction osteogenesis from September 2011 to December 2014 for nonunion of lower-extremity fractures.They were 23 males and 9 females,with a mean age of 33.4 years (range,from 15 to 62 years).After their former internal or external fixators were removed,the 2 fracture ends were fixated by a retractile mono-lateral or circular external fixator.Under radiographic monitoring,a percutaneous incision was made with a 5 mm sharp chisel,down to the bone.Scar and ossified tissue between the fracture ends were debrided and cut along the fracture line.Mter the marrow cavity was reamed,a new irregular wound was created at sclerotic fracture ends.Scale-shaped chips (1 mm thin and 5 mm in diameter) were elevated using a chisel on surface of the cortical bone within 2 cm from the fracture ends.The external fixators were adjusted to compress the fracture sites.On the 8th day after operation,the eternal fixators were applied to distract and compress at nonunion sites to stimulate the osteogenesis.Results All the patients were followed up for an average of 12.5 months (range,from 8 to 42 months).Primary union was successfully achieved in 28 patients while delayed union occurred in 3 patients who finally achieved union after adjuvant therapies like shock wave and or local injection of bone marrow blood.The average time for union was 4.6 months(range,from 4 to 7 months).The mean time for external fixation was 6.2 months (range,from 5 to 8 months).One patient encountered nonunion of lateral tibial cortical bone 6 months after surgery but eventually achieved union by autologous ilium grafting.Joint functions in all postoperative patients were similar to those before operation.Conclusion Percutaneous osteoperiosteal decortication combined with distraction osteogenesis is a simple,minimally invasive and effective treatment for nonunion of lower-extremity bones,avoiding disadvantages brought by traditional surgery,like massive trauma and excessive bleeding.

The anticipatory postural adjustments can be more precise in reflecting the ability of posture control,which associate with two kinds of neuromuscular model.Anticipatory postural adjustments disorders are found in stroke patients with hemiplegia,such as delay of muscle activation time,decrease of muscle activation,degradation of muscle recruitment order and reduction of adaptability.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility and safety of radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy in thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of a cohort of 147 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy. Seventy-one patients received traditional lymphadenectomy for the periesophageal and subcarinal lymph nodes (traditional dissection group), while 76 patients received radical lymph node dissection for the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphatic chains as well as the periesophageal and subcarinal nodes (radical dissection group). The number of retrieved lymph nodes, incidence of node metastasis, the operation time, estimated blood loss, complications, morbidity and mortality were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThoracoscopic esophagectomy was completed in all patients with no conversion to thoracotomy. There were no significant differences of operational time and blood loss between the two groups [(89 ± 32) min versus (99 ± 32) min, P = 0.064; (152 ± 108) ml versus (107 ± 82) ml, P = 0.261]. In all patients, the total and average number of retrieved mediastinal nodes were 1644 and 11.2 ± 5.9/case, and the incidence of metastatic lymph nodes was 24.5%. The total and average number of retrieved mediastinal nodes were 999 and 13.6 ± 6.4/case in the radical dissection group, significantly higher than that in the traditional dissection group (645 and 9.1 ± 4.4/case) (P < 0.001). The average number of retrieved nodes and node metastasis rate in the radical dissection group were significantly higher than in the traditional dissection group (13.1 ± 6.4 versus 9.1 ± 4.4, P < 0.001; 35.5% versus 12.7%, P < 0.05). In the total group of 147 cases, the metastasis rates of periesophageal, subcarinal nodes and nodes along the recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphatic chains were 19.7%, 3.4% and 17.1%, respectively. There was thoracic lymph node metastasis in 27 cases with a metastasis rate of 35.5% in the radical dissection group, significantly higher than that in 9 cases and 12.7% in the traditional dissection group (P > 0.001). In the 1644 retrieved thoracic lymph nodes, there were 90 positive metastatic lymph nodes (metastasis ratio 5.5%). Among the 1644 lymph nodes, the metastasis ratio of periesophageal lymph nodes was 6.5%, subcarinal lymph modes 2.4% and the recurrent laryngeal nerve chain lymph nodes 7.5%. Among the 147 cases, complications occurred in 60 cases, with an overall morbidity rate of 40.8%. There were no significant differences of the incidence rates of overall complications, pulmonary complications and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThoracoscopic esophagectomy with radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy is technically Safe and feasible.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymph Nodes ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mediastinum ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Thoracoscopy ; methods

Objective To assess the quantitative relationship between the distribution of Himalayan marmot and its ecological environment,the terrain,the temperature and the precipitation,using remote sensing and geographic information system in Qinghai province.Methods The distribution of Himalayan marmot was located by Google Earth and ArcGIS software and by using field survey data provided by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The corresponding ecological environment of marmot including terrain,temperature and precipitation were derived from the spatial information datasets.All results were processed according to the overlay and statistics analysis using ArcGIS software.Results Seventy-seven point twenty-seven percent(153/198) of Himalayan marmot were distributed in the area of elevation between 3000 and 4000 meters.The number of marmot reached the highest when the slope was between 0 and 17 degrees,and aspect range was between 91 and 270 degrees,180 degree was as south direction.During the period with the maximum temperature of the warmest month of 14.3-17.5 ℃,17.6-20.8 ℃ and 20.9-24.0 ℃,the distribution of marmot reached 95％(186/198) of the total area.Meanwhile,most of the marmot were presented in the area with average precipitation of 46-108 mm.Conclusions A quantitative analysis of appropriate ecological environment of Himalayan marmot in a large scope is carried uul successfully using remote sensing and geographic information system.The study indicates that spatial information technology has important applications in plague prevention and control.

The association of the progress of diabetic nephropathy with the sclerosis of major artery was investigated.Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was positively correlated with urinary albumin and creatinine ratio,and negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate in diabetes group,suggesting that thickened CIMT may predict the increasing risk of clinical nephropathy in the patients with microalbuminuria.

Objective To investigate the detecting values of gastric pH for the neonatal asphyxia.Methods: From August 2013 to February 2015 in our hospital, 78 asphyxia were randomly and equally divided into the observation group and control group.All cases were given gastric pH testing, digestion tract bleeding Monitoring, reflux conditions and routine procedure for treatment.The patients in the observation group received Smecta treatment on the basis of conventional therapy.Results The gastric pH values at 72 h and 48 h after treatment in the observation group were significantly higher (P＜0.05) , and showed a rising trend, the gastric pH values at 24 h after treatment had no statistically significant between two groups.The upper gastrointestinal bleeding rates in the observation group during treatment were 5.1％, which was significantly lower than the control group (23.1％) (P＜0.05).The reflux continued ≥5 min frequency and longest reflux time in the observation group were significantly less than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion For neonatal asphyxia, the gastric pH determination can effectively detect gastrointestinal bleeding and gastroesophageal reflux, the early applying of Smecta intervention can increase gastric pH value, improve neonatal outcomes.

OBJECTIVEs To assess the understanding degree of urologists for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the clinical characteristics of BPH patients.

METHODSThe questionnaires was distributed to urologists and patients in 119 hospitals over the country, respectively. The urologist survey was mainly focused on the questions of BPH progression and therapeutic model. The patient survey was mainly focused on the questions of patient's age, symptom features and the preference to receiving treatment.

RESULTSThe evaluations based on 289 completed urologist questionnaires and 4253 completed patient questionnaires showed that 98.6% of urologists agreed that BPH was a progressive disease but there were still some differences in understanding the risk factors for BPH progression. Additionally, 98.1% of patients were diagnosed to be moderate or severe BPH, nocturia was the most frequent symptom. In the treatment for BPH, both the urologists and patients concerned about how to improve the system rapidly.

CONCLUSIONSThis study is the first questionnaires specifically to the urologists and BPH patients, the results would reflect the situations of BPH diagnosis and treatment in China and would be helpful to the development of BPH guideline.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patients ; Physicians ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Surveys and Questionnaires