The study on mycoflora in bottled purified d rinking water was carried out.91 Samples of products were colleted from 59 bottl ing factories in Fujian Province and were examined and identified.461 Strains of fungi were isolated from 58(63 74%)different samples.Fungi imperfecti was the e umycetes isolated most frequently.These fungi were not closely related to the ae robic bacterial count and coliform of the studied waters but was clearly associa ted with the packaging of the products.The result confirmed that the cross conta minations on the process of post-purification were the main source of fungi in the final products.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of primary testicular yolk sac tumor (YST).

METHODSWe studied 8 cases of primary testicular YST by microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe 8 cases of primary testicular YST, including 2 consultation cases, were confirmed from 1998 to 2013, accounting for 10.7% (8/75) of all the testicular germ cell tumors diagnosed in our hospital. The patients ranged in age from 7 to 43 years, 23.9 years on average. The main clinical manifestation of the patients was painless unilateral testis swelling. Microscopically, reticular tissues, schiller-duvaI (S-D) bodies, and eosin-stain transparent bodies were seen in the tumors. One of the cases was confirmed to be simple YST, while the other 7 mixed YST. AFP was a characteristic immunophenotype marker of the tumors.

CONCLUSIONPrimary testicular YST is a rare malignancyr with poor prognosis. Its diagnosis depends on preoperative AFP test and postoperative pathology. Comprehensive treatment, including orchiectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, can prolong the survival of the patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Orchiectomy ; Rare Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Testicular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDAscorbic acid has important antioxidant properties, and may play a role in the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on later ischemia-reperfusion. Herein, we examined the role of endogenous extracellular ascorbic acid in ischemic preconditioning in the kidney.

METHODSWe developed a solitary rabbit kidney model where animals received ischemia-reperfusion only (ischemia-reperfusion group, n = 15) or ischemic preconditioning followed by ischemia-reperfusion (ischemic preconditioning group, n = 15). Ischemia-reperfusion was induced by occluding and loosening of the renal pedicle. The process of ischemic preconditioning included 15-minute brief ischemia and 10-minute reperfusion. In vivo microdialysis coupled with online electrochemical detection was used to determine levels of endogenous extracellular ascorbic acid in both groups. The extent of tissue damage was determined in kidney sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were also detected to assess renal function.

RESULTSDuring ischemia-reperfusion, the extracellular ascorbic acid concentration during ischemia increased rapidly to the peak level ((130.01 +/- 9.98)%), and then decreased slowly to near basal levels. Similar changes were observed during reperfusion (peak level, (126.78 +/- 18.24)%). In the ischemic preconditioning group there was a similar pattern of extracellular ascorbic acid concentration during ischemic preconditioning. However, the ascorbic acid level was significantly lower during the ischemia and early reperfusion stage compared to the ischemia-reperfusion group. Additionally, the extent of glomerular ischemic collapse, tubular dilation, tubular denudation, and loss of brush border were markedly attenuated in the ischemic preconditioning group. Levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were also decreased significantly in the ischemic preconditioning group.

CONCLUSIONSIschemic preconditioning may protect renal tissue against ischemia-reperfusion injury via use of extracellular ascorbic acid. In vivo microdialysis coupled with online electrochemical detection is effective for continuous monitoring extracellular ascorbic acid in the renal cortex.

Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

Aim To explore the factors on behavior patterns of light/dark box(LDB)as an animal model of state anxiety in Kunming mice.Methods The behavior of adult,male,Kunming mice in LDB was recorded for five minutes,respectively.The following parameters were evaluated:percentage of time in the light area(Ltime%),percentage of squares crossing in the light area(Lcross%),percentage of rears in the light area(Lrear%),total number of squares crossing in the whole apparatus(Cross),total number of rears in the whole apparatus(Rear),total(Cross plus Rear),transitions between two areas(Transition),and number of fecal bolis in light box and dark box(Fbs).Subsequently,the factors,such as day-night rhythm,illumination area(L3/5 or L2/5 for ratio between Light box and Dark box:3:2 or 2:3,respectively),illumination color(in Dark box)and illumination intensity(in Light box),were investigated to screen the best experimental conditions.Results t-test showed that compared with night cycle,there was no significant difference in all LDB parameters during day cycle(P>0.05),while compared with 3/5 and 2/5,LDB parameters during day cycle such as Lcross%(t=5.363,P<0.01)in big area light box(L3/5),Lrear%(t=3.211,P<0.05)in small area light box(L2/5)increased statistically.The factorial design ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in day-night rhythm on all LDB parameters(P>0.05),but a statistical influence of illumination area on Ltime%(F(1,20)=18.361,P<0.01),Lcross%(F(1,20)=49.148,P<0.01)and Lrear%(F(1,20)=8.424,P<0.01).The single factor ANOVA showed that there was significant influence of illumination color in dark box on Real(F(3,20)=3.746,P<0.05),Fbs(F(3,20)=3.585,P<0.05),and illumination intensity in light box on Cross(F(4,25)=2.569,P<0.05)and Total(F(4,25)=2.588,P<0.05).The Dunnett t test showed that compared with red color group,Rear(MD=-30.833,P<0.05)was significantly lower in yellow color group; while Cross(MD=-173.167,P<0.05)and Total(MD=-93.667,P<0.05)in 100 W group declined statistically compared with 15 W Group.Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was no significant difference in illumination color and intensity on Fbs(P>0.05).Conclusions LDB as an animal model of state anxiety in Kunming mice can evaluate anxiety-,locomotion-exploration and emotionality- related behaviors,which cannot be affected by day-night rhythm,but illumination area(Ltime%,Lcross%,Lrear%),illumination color(Rear)and illumination intensity(Cross,Total).So it is recommended to adopt the uniform and fixed conditions,such as illumination area,color and intensity(less than 100 W).

BACKGROUNDCarotid artery stenting (CAS) as a competing treatment modality has had to adhere to limits to gain widespread acceptance in some studies. This study analyzed the clinical data of 1700 consecutive patients after CAS to retrospectively evaluate the 30-day outcome of CAS for internal carotid artery stenosis in a Chinese population.

METHODSMedical records of 1700 patients who underwent CAS at Xuanwu Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2001 and August 2012 were reviewed. Postoperative 30-day complication rates were analyzed and compared with those of other studies. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with perioperation myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and death.

RESULTSThe overall 30-day rate of MI, stroke, and death after CAS was 2.53%. In univariate analysis, patients who were symptomatic, had a neurological deficit (modified Rankin score (mRS) ≥3; P = 0.001), and who were not taking statins experienced a significantly increased rate of MI, stroke, and death (P = 0.017). In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the presence of symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 2.485; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.267-4.876; P = 0.008) and a neurological deficit (mRS ≥3) (OR = 3.025; 95% CI = 1.353-6.763; P = 0.007) were independent risk factors for perioperative MI, stroke, and death.

CONCLUSIONSAccording to this single-center experience, CAS may effectively prevent and treat carotid artery stenosis that would otherwise lead to stroke. Being symptomatic and having a neurological deficit (mRS ≥3) increased the risk of perioperative MI, stroke, and death.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carotid Stenosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction ; Stents ; Stroke ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Clinical target volume (CTV) delineation is crucial for tumor control and normal tissue protection. This study aimed to define the locoregional extension patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to improve CTV delineation. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 2366 newly diagnosed NPC patients were reviewed. According to incidence rates of tumor invasion, the anatomic sites surrounding the nasopharynx were classified into high-risk (>30%), medium-risk (5%-30%), and low-risk (<5%) groups. The lymph node (LN) level was determined according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group guidelines, which were further categorized into the upper neck (retropharyngeal region and level II), middle neck (levels III and Va), and lower neck (levels IV and Vb and the supraclavicular fossa). The high-risk anatomic sites were adjacent to the nasopharynx, whereas those at medium-or low-risk were separated from the nasopharynx. If the high-risk anatomic sites were involved, the rates of tumor invasion into the adjacent medium-risk sites increased; if not, the rates were significantly lower (P<0.01). Among the 1920 (81.1%) patients with positive LN, the incidence rates of LN metastasis in the upper, middle, and lower neck were 99.6%, 30.2%, and 7.2%, respectively, and skip metastasis happened in only 1.2% of patients. In the 929 patients who had unilateral upper neck involvement, the rates of contralateral middle neck and lower neck involvement were 1.8% and 0.4%, respectively. Thus, local disease spreads stepwise from proximal sites to distal sites, and LN metastasis spreads from the upper neck to the lower neck. Individualized CTV delineation for NPC may be feasible.
Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neck ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Tumor Burden

Objective To evaluate the curative effects of endoscopic and open thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma so as to explore the feasibility of endoscopic operation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma . Methods We made a retrospective analysis of data of 98 cases of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma diagnosed pathologically between June 2016 and January 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University .All the patients were divided into two groups :52 in traditional operation group and 46 in endoscopic operation group . We analyzed the complications and the number of lymph nodes in the two groups . Results There was no significant difference in complications like voice hoarseness , hydroposia bucking and hypocalcemia between the two groups (P= 0 .6993 ,0 .9141 ,0 .5819 ,respectively) .Each patient had (5 .06 ± 3 .20) and (4 .80 ± 3 .19) lymph nodes in endoscopic operation group and traditional operation group ,respectively . No significant difference was found between the two groups (P=0 .6967) .Conclusion The traditional operation and endoscopic operation have similar curative effects for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma ,and the latter has better cosmetic effects .

Objective To observe the curative effects of treatment with Octreotide for chylous leakage after neck dissection .Methods We enrolled 14 patients with intractable chylous fistula treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University for the study .The curative effects of Octreotide treatment were retrospectively reviewed .Results Out of 14 patients with intractable chylous fistula ,12 (12/14 ,86% ) were finally cured and had the drainage tube removed .The drainage volume of 7 patients (7/14 ,50% ) decreased significantly by over 50%the next day of Octreotide medication ,but decreased insignificantly in 4 patients (4/14 ,29% ) .Conclusion Octreotid is an alternative method in treatment for intactable chylous fistula because of a satisfactory curative effect in some of the patients .

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness ,safety and prospect of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of thyroid benign nodules .Methods We analyzed 153 patients with thyroid benign nodules from September 2015 to August 2016 treated by RFA at Department of Thyroid Surgery ,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University . One month later , we reviewed the thyroid functions after the operation , observed the changes of the nodules after 1 ,3 ,and 6 months ,calculated the volume reduction rate of the nodules , and analyzed the effectiveness of the treatment .Results After treatment ,the maximum diameter and volume of the nodules were significantly reduced in all the patients ( P<0 .05) .The patients' symptoms improved significantly without serious complications . Conclusion Ultrasound-guided RFA has obvious advantages such as fewer complications , less invasiveness , good safety , and definite effectiveness in treating thyroid benign nodules . Therefore ,it has promising prospects in clinical application .

Objective To analyze the composing principles of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions for eczema by data mining methods.Methods The CNKI,VIP,Wanfang and SinoMed from inception to the December 31st 2016 were searched,which were collected into the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS) and analyzed by data mining methods,which included frequency analysis,Cluster Analysis and correlation rules.Results Based on the analysis of 51 cases of TCM prescriptions reported in literatures,16 herbs (frequency≥8) were found frequently used.And the results showed that 22 combination herbs (supporting coefficient=8),4 association rules (supporting coefficient=8 and confidence coefficient=0.8),7 core combinations and 1 new TCM prescription were found.Conclusions The TCM prescriptions for eczema are mainly composed of herbs with heat-clearing effect,especially with damp-drying effect,supplemented by herbs with blood-nourishing,blood-cooling and rheumatism effects.