OBJECTIVE To survey and assess the use of antibiotic drugs in our hospital before and after the enactment of The Antibiotics Use Guideline by the Ministry of Health.METHODS To determine antibiotic drugs usage rate,combined use conditions as well as other factors in inpatients before and after the enactment of the guideline.RESULTS After the enactment of the guideline,the usage rate of antibiotic drugs was much lower than before,whereas there were still some shortcomings in the combined drug use conditions in our hospital.CONCLUSIONS The medical workers should administer antibiotic drugs in a more reasonable way in order to guarantee the safety,long term health right and living quality.

Serum creatinine was determined by enzymatic method.99mTc-GFR was measured by 99mTc-DTPA dynamic renal imaging and considered as GFR marker in 210 males and 180 females with type 2 diabetes,eGFR was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula,MDRD equation7,abbreviated MDRD equation,modified MDRD equation for Chinese (c-7GFR4 and c-aGFR4),and CKD-EPI equation.They were analyzed by correlation,regression,Bland-Altman analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.The correlation coefficients for Cockcroft-Gault formula,MDRD equation7,abbreviated MDRD equation,c-7GFR4,c-aGFR4,and CKD-EPI equation were 0.79,0.76,0.77,0.76,0.76,0.81 respectively.And the differences were-14.99,-18.85,-23.79,-25.85,-32.07,and-7.16,respectively.The area under ROC curves were 0.91,0.88,0.89,0.88,0.90,and 0.92,respeetively.Kappa values were 0.67、0.52、0.39、0.49、0.46、0.54respectively.The CKD-EPI equation seams to be the most accurate measurement among the six methods when the serum creatinine was determined by enzymatic method in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and positive degree in patients with cervical spondylosis.Method A questionnaire survey was conducted among 98 patients with cervical spondylosis.Results The self-efficacy score was 6.30±1.56,the score on the positive degree was 53.76 ±12.53.The self-efficacy and positive degrees were positively correlated (r=0.531,P＜0.001).Conclusions The patient's self-efficacy and positive degree are at medium level.Nursing staff should take corresponding measures to improve self-efficacy of cervical spondylosis patients,in order to improve its positive degree and achieve the purpose of effective self-management and health promotion.

Neurology is one of the most difficult subjects in clinical medical education.How to improve the teaching model of neurology is a crucial problem.The systematic instructional design and problem-based learning (PBL) emerge as mature teaching techniques,and having a broad application prospect.However,simple PBL teaching model has not achieved the desired results,because PBL teaching method pays excessive attention to the subjective initiative of students,but ignores the supervision and assessment mechanisms,such as assessment,feedback,adjustment,which are the major concerns of systematic instructional design.This research tries to combine systematic instructional design with PBL teaching model,and explore the position in neurology teaching.By determining the teaching target,analysis of PBL teaching,writing teaching plans,organization of PBL teaching,feedback to adjust teaching design method,the final summative evaluation is done and the teaching,was completed.After practice tips may bring progress on neurology teaching mode.

The effects of androgen on lipid and the cardiovascular system are very important. The relationship between androgen and lipoprotein is rather complicated and influenced by many factors. The effects of endogenous androgen on the metabolism of lipoprotein vary with age, environment, nutrition and gender, while the effects of exogenous androgen on lipoprotein vary with different androgen preparations, administration methods and diseases to be treated. Androgen can impact the metabolism of lipoprotein, vascular endothelium, macrophage, vascular smooth muscle, angiotasis, blood coagulation, platelet and so on. The effects of polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene CAG on the cardiovascular system are important and yet somehow controversial and have to be further investigated.
Androgens ; pharmacology ; physiology ; Cardiovascular System ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; physiology

AIMTo analyze factors influencing the efficacy of hormonal suppression of spermatogenesis for male contraception.

METHODSA nested case-control study was conducted, involving 43 subjects, who did not achieve azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia when given monthly injections of 500 mg testosterone undecanoate (TU), defined as partial suppressors compared with 855 subjects who had suppressed spermatogenesis (complete suppressors). Sperm density, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations at the baseline and the suppression phase were compared between partial and complete suppressors. Polymorphisms of androgen receptor (AR) and three single nucleotide variants and their haplotypes of FSH receptor (FSHR) genes determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing technique were compared between 29 partial and 34 complete suppressors.

RESULTSBaseline serum LH level was higher and serum LH as well as FSH level during the suppression phase was less suppressed in partial suppressors. Additionally, in a logistic regression analysis larger testis volume, higher serum FSH concentrations alone, or interaction of serum LH, FSH, testosterone and sperm concentrations were associated with degree of suppression. The distribution of polymorphisms of AR or FSH receptor genes did not differ between partial and complete suppressors. In cases with incomplete FSH suppression (FSH 0.2 IU/L), the chances of reaching azoospermia were 1.5 times higher in the subjects with more than 22 CAG triplet repeats.

CONCLUSIONPartial suppression of spermatogenesis induced by 500 mg TU monthly injections is weakly influenced by hormonal and clinical features but not polymorphism in AR and FSHR genes.

Adult ; Azoospermia ; chemically induced ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Contraceptive Agents, Male ; administration & dosage ; Drug Resistance ; genetics ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; Receptors, FSH ; genetics ; Sperm Count ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Testosterone ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Trinucleotide Repeats

[Summary] Propylthiouracil-induced anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( ANCA ) positive vasculitis ( APV) is an autoimmune diseases with multi-system damage. Its basic pathological lesions are characterized by necrotizing vasculitis. We present a case of propylthiouracil-induced APV, with regard to its pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for futher understanding this disease.

Objective:To specify optimize condition of process for mixture extraction of three kinds of volatile oil and preparation of ? CYD inclusion compound of Yuxianling Granules.Methods: Taking weight of volatile oil to evaluate the extraction process and percentage recovery of inclusion compound, transfer rate of oil, inclusion rate of oil to evaluate the inclusion process. Orthogonal design was applied. Results: The optimum extraction condition was to add five times amount of water into the mixture of crude drugs, to soak for 90 min, to heat up to boiling and reflux 4h. The trituration method is suitable for the productive preparation of inclusion compound, the optimum inclusion condition was ? CYD: Volatile oil in proportion as 8∶1 was mixed, adding two times amount of water into the mixture and trituration 30 min.Conclusions: Above condition of process was the most rational in extraction and inclusion of three kinds of volatile oil.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that bone loss can lead to a series of diseases, such as osteoporotic fractures, thus seeking to increase bone mass has become a goal of the majority of researchers.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current studies of improving bone mass by using stem cel transplantation, hoping to the extensive application of stem cel transplantation in the clinical treatment of osteoporosis as early as possible.
METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI was performed by the first author to retrieve articles relevant to stem cel therapy for osteoporosis published from January 1997 to October 2014. The keywords were“to improve bone mass, regenerative medicine, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation, stem cel therapy”in Chinese and English, respectively, which appeared in the title, abstract or keywords. Articles published recently or in authoritative journals were preferred, and final y 28 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s which are isolated and cultured easily can proliferate rapidly and have multi-lineage differentiation potential. Studies have shown that the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can real y improve bone mass, and obtain more achievements in the treatment of orthopedic disorders. This new cel therapy can help to accelerate bone healing and reduce treatment time, offering a new therapeutic choice for orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, oral and maxil ofacial surgery, and therefore, it has broad application prospects.

AIM: To prepare anti-Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) immunomagnetic nanoparticles (IMNPs), and make foundation for target diagnosis of ovarian cancer by magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: The anti-human Sp17 IMNPs were prepared by grafting anti-Sp17 antibodies on the surface of chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） using the linker of EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-［3-dimethylaminopropyl］carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide). The morphology and properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), the conjugation of the antibodies was evaluated by native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the immunologic activity of IMNPs was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A set of in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments were performed after incubated the IMNPs with human Sp17 gene transfected ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells. RESULTS: We had successfully grafted the MNPs with anti-Sp17 antibody and the IMNPs kept good bioactivity. The MRI showed that the IMNPs were targeted successfully to the positive cells, and no obviously non-specific adsorption was observed. CONCLUSION: The anti-Sp17 IMNPs with good specificity can used for further study of ovarian cancer target therapy.