The complex multidimensional visual patterns of facial expression is particularly well sui ted for studying perception and the processes underlying perceptual integration of component parts into a meaningful whole.With the high resolution in milliseconds,event-related potential (ERP) may be an excellent technique to track the time course of cognitive processing for facial emotions.Facial affective stimuli elicit particular ERP components involved in early processing of facial expressions,including:early sensory processing of visual stimuli:the P100;early structural encoding of facial features:the N170;second-order sustained activities necessary for consequent deeper processing:the posterior P2 and decoding of facial features to identify emotional content:the N250.We reviewed above mentioned ERP components respectively,in order to add the knowledge about ERP components as indicators of neural dynamics of facial emotion processing,and to provide a point of reference for further exploration on facial emotion processing that may be useful for understanding human cognition development and pathology.

Mutation and overexpression of the tumor suppressor gene product, p53, is believed to play an important role in the development of human malignant tumors. Many studies shows that overxpression of the mutant p53 gene product is common in human malignant tumours including esophageal cancer. However, the prognostic significance of overexpression of p53 gene is not well defined. In this study, we have investigated the overexpression of p53 gene product in 174 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma collected from Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China. 48.9% of these esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were positive for p53 staining. Correlations of overexpression of p53 with clinicopathological features including histological type and grade, clinical staging, age and sex was analyzed in all specimens. The prognostic significance of p53 stained esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed in 111 of these patients follow-up for five-year. Significant statistical correlations were observed between p53 positive and poor prognosis analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, (F=0.04). No statistically significant differences were observed between p53 overexpression and the clinicopathological factors including age, sex, differentiation and clinical staging of the cancer, but patients with Vositioly expressed p53 has a poorer prognosis than those with negative expression. The present study indicate that overexpression of p53 may be a useful independent prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at its early stage.

Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; complications

To push up the quantity of faculty member in higher medical education,and acclimatize them to the social economic development of 21st century,the significance,instructions,contents,approaches and administrations of continuing education for medical faculty members are discussed.The re-education for medical faculty members should be based on the motivation of activity and spontaneity,and the goal of continuing education should be high quantity,differentiated standard and individuation.

Objective To study the clinical and pathologic features of aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) and its occurrence, treatment and prognosis Methods The 8 cases of AAM were analyzed retrospectively, among which 6 cases in vulva, 2 cases in perineum, vagina and pelvis As well we performad immunohistochemical studies Results The neoplastic cells were at least focally immunoreactive for vimentin (7/7), smooth muscle actin (7/7), factor 8 (7/7), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (4/7), estrogen (3/7) and pregesterone (4/7) receptors All of the examined tumors were negative for S100 protein and cluster designation 68 Conclusions AAM is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor that preferentially involves the pelvic and perineal regions of females In immunohistochemical investigation the neoplastic cells of AAM exhibit fibroblastic and myofibroblastic features They are characterized by slow growth, infiltration of adjacent structures, absence of distant metastases, a tendency to recur locally and a fairly good prognosis Treatment should consist of wide surgical excision, as complete as technically possible

Iridoid glycosides were the main active ingredient of Rehmannia glutinosa, of which catalpol has the highest content. This work will provide theoretical basis for metabolic study and cultivation of iridoids on the basis of the dynamic accumulation of catalpol and total iridoids in the growth of R. glutinosa. The samples of rehmannia 85-5 were gathered in the same filed from July to October. The contents of catalpol and total iridoid glycosides were measured by HPLC and specteophotometric, respectively. The results showed that youngest leaves had the higher content of catalpol and total iridoid glyosides than that of the other two leaf ages in the same growth stage from July to September, while their content of catalpol and total iridoid glycosides were all decreased as the growth of leaves of R. glutinosa. The content of catalpol didn't differ significantly from July to September, whereas it has significantly increased in October in the three leaf stage. In the same stage, the wider the root diameter is, the higher content of the effective components are. In August and September, the total iridoid glycosides have the fastest accumulation. The content of catalpol was increased as the accumulation of total iridoid glycosides.
Iridoid Glucosides ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; Rehmannia ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Seasons ; Water ; metabolism

AIM: To probe into tau hyperphosphorylation at PHF- 1 sites induced by glycogen synthase kinase - 3β(GSK- 3β) in vivo. METHODS: Twenty - one rats were randomly allocated to three groups as follows: GSK - 3β transfection group, vector group and control group; 0.1 μg/3μL GSK- 3β- HA plasmid or vector was injected bilaterally into cerebrum of the rats respectively, rats without injection were controls. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining of cortex were carried out to detect the expression of GSK- 3β- HA plasmid and tau phosphorylation using phosphorylation- dependent tau antibody PHF- 1. RESULTS: After transfection with GSK- 3β- HA for 48 h, GSK - 3β - HA was expressed in GSK- 3β transfection group; and hyperphosphorylated tau at PHF- 1 sites accumulated in neurons in the transfected areas. The hyperphosphorylated tau colocalized largely with GSK- 3β expressed by the transfected GSK- 3β plasmid. CONCLUSIONS: Transfection with GSK- 3βin vivo can induce tau hyperphosphorylation involving the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. These data further prove that GSK- 3β is a key kinase to induce tau hyperphosphorylation and may be a therapeutic target for tauopathy- related neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of prosthetic replacement for senior patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur.Methods Fifty-three senior patients with comminuted intertrochanteric fracture of the femur were subjected to total hip arthroplasty (n =23) and bipolar artificial femoral head replacement (n =30).Uncemented long-stem prostheses were used in 50 patients and cemented long-stem prostheses in 3.Time interval between admission and surgery was 3-13 days (mean 6 days).Results The total hip arthroplasty had the operation time for mean 90 minutes (range,80-110 minutes) and blood loss for mean 350 ml (range,260-410 ml).While the hemiarthroplasty had operation time for mean 65 minutes (range,50-90 minutes) and blood loss for mean 230 ml (range,180-290 ml).Fifty-one patients were available to mean 49.6-month follow-up (range,13-65 months).Four patients presented with frequent hip pain at a tolerable level after hemiarthroplasty and the symptom was relieved after oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy.One patient with postoperative infection was cured by timely debridement.Seven patients were died of heart and brain disorders in 5 years,with no relation to surgical complications.The period for fracture healing was mean 10 months,with excellence rate of 96％ for hip function but with no acetabulum abrasion,implant loosening or submersion.Conclusion Early prosthetic replacement is an effective treatment for unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly.

BACKGROUND:The most effective method for the treatment of acetabular fracture is open reduction and internal fixation, however, this treatment for some special types of acetabular fracture cannot get satisfactory prognosis, and is prone to complications, such as traumatic coxarthrosis and avascular necrosis of femoral head. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative effect of open reduction and internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of special acetabular fracture. METHODS:Twelve cases of acetabular fracture were included, including seven cases of traffic accident wound, three cases of crush injury, and two cases of fal ing injury. The type of bone fracture:two cases of posterior wal fracture, two cases of posterior column and posterior wal fracture, one case of T shaped fracture, five cases of transverse and posterior wal fracture, and two cases of acetabular roof sexual fracture. Complications:one case was femoral head centric dislocation, five cases were latter dislocation, and three cases were caput femoris fractures. Before injury, three cases had coxarthrosis, and two cases were avascular necrosis of femoral head. Al the cases were treated with open reduction internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty, of which nine cases were treated with biological prosthesis, and three cases were treated with bone cement prosthesis. The time from hospitalization to surgery was 3-15 days, and average was 6 days. The patients were fol owed-up once every 2 months in 1 year after replacement, and the Harris score was used to evaluate the hip function recovery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No surgical site and deep wound infection, joint dislocation, lower limb deep vein thrombosis, and death were found in these 12 cases. Among them, 11 cases were fol owed-up for a longtime;the fol ow-up was lasted for 6-82 months. The acetabular fracture was healed at 6-16 months after reduction without prosthesis loosening and sinking. The hip function was evaluated during final fol ow-up according to the Harris score:excellent in eight cases, good in two cases, poor in one case, and the excellent and good rate was 91%. Open reduction internal fixation and one-stage total hip arthroplasty can avoid long-term bed, get out of bed as soon as possible, and reduce complications, thus reconstruct the hip joint painlessly and good functional y.

Objective To investigate clinical effect of surgical repair and reconstruction of traumatic floating shoulder injuries (FSI). Methods Sixteen patients with FSI were treated with open re-duction and reconstructive internal plate fixation. Of all, one patient was with transverse clavicle fracture, six with oblique clavicle fracture and nine with comminuted clavicle fracture. There was one patient with type Ⅰ scapula fracture, three with type Ⅱ, four with type Ⅲ, six with type Ⅳ and two with type Ⅴ. The combined injuries included rib fracture plus hemopneumothorax in six patients, traumatic moist lung in two, craniocerebral injuries in two, hepatic and splenic rupture in two and brachial plexus damage in one. The average time from primary injury to operation was seven days (3-21 days). Results Fifteen out of 16 patients were followed up for 6-28 months (average 11 months). All patients obtained bone u-nion, without infection, loosening or breakage of internal fixation. According to Herscvici evaluation standard of function, the shoulder joint outcome was rated as excellent in 11 patients, good in three and fair in one, with excellence rate of 93%. Conclusion The surgical repair and reconstruction of FSI can, to a greatest extent, recover the anatomical structure and stability around the shoulder joint and shorten the immobilization period of joint, which is beneficial to functional restoration of the joint and de-crease of occurrence of complications.