An automated on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS ) method for the simultaneous quantification of six endogenous phytohormones including abscisic acid ( ABA ) , indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) , salicylic acid ( SA ) , jasmonic acid ( JA ) , indole-3-propionic acid ( IPA) and indole-3-butyric acid ( IBA) in rice tissues was described. Plant samples were extracted with methanol and on-line SPE procedure was performed with C18 SPE cartridges. Analytes were eluted to C18 analytical column with mobile phase and further analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The performance of the method was fully validated. Linearity showed good correlation (R2≥0. 99). Limits of detections (S/N=3) were in the range of 0. 1-0. 8 μg/kg. Recoveries varied between 71. 2% and 126%. The method was rapid and sensitive to determine multiple phytohormones in rice young panicles and the results were cross-validated with the off-line SPE-LC-MS/MS phytohormone analytical method. Finally, the method was applied to monitor the changes of ABA, IAA, SA and JA in wounded rice leaves. The trends were in accord with plant physiological processes.

Objective To explore the preventive effect of feedforward control on unexpected extubation in patients with cerebral apoplexy.Methods The clinical data of 42 cerebral apoplexy patients during May 2010 and May 2011 were retrospectively reviewed to find out the risk factors of unexpected extubation.The feedforward control was used to manage 49 cerebral apoplexy patients during June 2011 to June 2012 to control the risk factors.The incidence of unexpected extubation was compared between pre-and post-use of feedforward control. Results After application of feedforward control,the incidences of unexpected extubation of gastric tube,deep vein tubes and urinary tubes reduce were significantly decreased compared to pre-use of feedforward control(all P<0.01).Conclusion The feedforward control on patients with cerebral apoplexy is effective in reducing the incidence of unexpected extubation and ensuring the intubation safety.

Objective To evaluate if expression of serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) concentrations in cholesterol gallstone disease.Methods Serum RBP4 levels of 100 cholesterol gallstone disease patients (cholesterol gallstone disease group) and 147 healthy controls (healthy control group) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and further correlated with clinical and biochemical characteristics,including insulin resistance and renal function.The chemical composition of gallstones was determined by postoperative pathology.Results The level of RBP4 in cholesterol gallstone disease group was significantly lower than that in healthy control group [(30.57 ± 13.64 ) mg/L vs.(41.52 ± 20.25 ) mg/L](P＜ 0.01 ).The level of RBP4 was also associated with gallstone occurrence (OR =0.93,95％ CI:0.88 -0.96,P =0.004).Serum RBP4 levels of all subjects were positively correlated with total cholesterol,triglyceride,creatinine,insulin resistance and albumin ( P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ),and negatively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (P ＜0.01).In multivariate analysis,cholesterol gallstone formation was significantly associated with a lower serum RBP4 level (OR =2.97,95％ CI:1.15 -7.68,P =0.025 ).Both gallstone patients and controls were subdivided into two groups according to ceatinine:≥ 88.40 μ mol/L group and ＜ 88.40 μ mol/L group.Patients with gallstones were found to have significantly lower serum RBP4 levels than controls in both subgroups (P =0.012,0.045 ).According to GFR,both gallstone patients and controls were subdivided into ≥ 90 ml/(min· 1.73 m2) group,60 - 89 ml/(min· 1.73 m2) group and ＜60 ml/ (min· 1.73 m2) group.It showed that a lower GFR was associated with greater serum RBP4 level in healthy control group.This trend was not noted in cholesterol gallstone disease group.Conclusions Serum RBP4 decreases in cholesterol gallstone disease independent of renal function.The relationship between liver function and RBP4 level in these patients deserves further investigation.

Objective To investigate the vision and the eye conditions of the longevous aged 90 years or over Methods The vision was examined by Snellen chart, and the outer eye, anterior segment, fundus and intraocular pressure were examined by slit lamp, funduscope and non contact tonometer in 135 longevous cases Some related examinations were adopted on suspective cases The refractive errors were corrected in 53 cases who were cooperative to examination Results The visions of right eyes were 0 01～1 0 with the average of 0 46?0 50, and the left eyes were 0 03～1 0, with the average of 0 49?0 50. The probabilities of blindness and low vision were 5 93% and 10 27% respectively. In 43 cases (81 13%)the vision increased by 1～5 lines (the average in 3 lines)after optometry compared with pre optometry ( P

Objective To investigate the manifestation and the prevention means of video display terminal (VDT) visual fatigue in old people. Methods Conventional eye inspection were performed for 45 patients, including optical muscle movement, position of eye, confluence function and presbyopia. Results We found that the average difference between middle distance correcting lens and 33 cm reading distance from presbyopia correcting lens was about 0.52 DS( P

ObjectiveTo investigate the visual condition and causes of blindness and low vision of ov er 60 years old people found by routine physical examination. Methods A total of 892 cases over 60 years old people took a yearly routine examinatio n, such as far and near vision in daily life, anterior segment and fundus of the eye and intraocular pressure. If the vision were under 0 3, the refractive vis ion needs to be corrected. The blindness and low vision patients were selected a nd taken further related examinations to analyse statistically the causes of bli ndness. Results Among 892 cases investigated, blindness together with low vision were 42 cases (4 71%). The morbidity rate of blindness and low vision were 1 01% (9 cases) a nd 3 70% (33 cases) respectively. Diseases caused blindness were macular lesio ns (57 14%), glaucoma(11 91%), cataract (9 52%), retinal diseases, optic nerv e atrophy, keratopathy etc. Refractory eye diseases were obviously more than t he eye diseases which can be treated. The morbidity rate of over 80 years old pe ople were obviously more than that of under 80 years group. Conclusions With ageing, the old people easily suffer from eye diseases and results in bli ndness. For the prevention and treatment of blindness for the elderly, much atte ntion to treatment of eye diseases should not only paid, active training is also important.

BackgroundMonocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)plays an important role in the tumor,inflammation,diabetic retinopathy and other neovascular disease,but the expression and the role of MCP-1 in the oxygen induced retinopathy(OIR) model have rarely been reported. Objective This study was to investigate the expression of MCP-1 in the retina development of newborn mouse and in mouse models with OIR.Methods C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided into two groups and 60 mice in each group.Mice in OIR group were exposed to 75％ oxygen for 5 days and then to room air.All mice in normal control group exposed to room air only.Ten mice in each group were randomly chosen and sacrificed at postnatal 5,7,12,14,17,21 days.The expression of MCP-1 in mouse retina was detected with the method of immunohistoehemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results MCP-1 positive cells were seen in normal mouse retina.Up-regulation of MCP-1 positive cells was detected both in 12 days in normal control group and in 14 days in OIR group.MCP-1 mRNA was detected in mouse retina at 5 days,and a transient up-regulation of MCP-1 mRNA was observed in 12 days in normal control group.MCP-1 mRNA in OIR group significantly increased in 14 days in comparison with the normal control group( P =0.028,P =0.001 ). Conclusions Expression of MCP-1 is detectable in whole retinal development procession of mice.A transient up-regulation of MCP-1 expression is detected in the critical period of retinal vascular development in mice models with OIR,which is closely related to the retinal vascular development and progression of retinal new vessels.

Background Various studies have suggested that inflammatory factors such as leucocytes and macrophages are involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR),and many cytokines promote the occurrence of DR.However,the relationship of aqueous and serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) change with DR is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of MCP-1 and MIF in aqueous and serum during DR development.Methods Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled from Beijing Shijitan Hospital.These patients received phacoemulsification or phacoemulsification and vitrectomy from September,2010 to June,2011.Twenty-six cataract patients in the same stage (without diabetes) who underwent phacoemulsification surgery served as controls.According to the clinical stage of the DR,the diabetic patients were classified as the non-DR group (NDR) (20 eyes),non-proliferative DR group (NPDR) (38 eyes) and proliferative DR group (PDR) (22 eyes).Aqueous humour and periphery blood samples were collected during the operation to detect MCP-1 and MIF using enzyme-linked immnunosorbent assay (ELISA).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any relevant medical examination.Results The average aqueous MCP-1 levels were(1660.78±562.98),(1463.26± 623.41),(686.76±186.16) and(494.35±148.59) ng/L in the PDR group,NPDR group,NDR group and control group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 4 groups (F=37.968,P=0.000).No significant differences were found in the aqueous MCP-1 levels between the control group and NDR group (P=0.169),or between the NPDR group and PDR group (P=0.117).However,the aqueous MCP-1 levels were significantly elevated in the PDR group,NPDR group and NDR group compared with the control group (P=0.000).The average aqueous MIF levels were (6.85±1.99),(3.56±0.90),(1.10±0.48) and (0.86 ± 0.46) μg/L,respectively,with significant differences among them (F =144.502,P =0.000).Multiple comparisons between groups were found to be significantly different (P =0.000) according to the LSD-t test,except between the control group and NDR group (P =0.475).A significant positive correlation was seen between the aqueous MCP-1 level and MCP-1 level in all study participants (r =0.564,P =0.000).However,serum levels of MCP-1 and MIF were not statistically significantly different among the 4 groups (F =2.158,P＞0.05;F =0.813,P＞0.05).Conclusions The increase of the aqueous MIF and MCP-1 levels is associated with the progression of diabetic retinopathy.The results suggest that MIF and MCP-1 promote the occurrence of DR.

Background Light stimulation at different wavelength influences the development of eyes.It has been showed that blue light can inhibit the growth of eyeball.To study whether blue light exposure can delay the extension of myopia is an interested research project.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of blue light with short wavelength on ocular growth in form deprived myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs and provide a new option for the prevention and treatment of myopia.Methods Thirty-six 2-week-old guinea pigs were reared in the environment of white light.The right eyes of the animals were occluded to establish the FDM models.The models were randomized into the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,simple deocclusion group and continuous occlusion group according to the random number table.The right eyes of the models were deoccluded for 1 hour per day to give the blue light (430 nm) irradiation in the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,and the right eyes were deoccluded for 1 hour per day only in the simple deocclusion group.In the continuous occlusion group,the right eyes of the models were occluded until the end of this experiment.Anterior chamber depth (ACD),lens thickness (LT) and vitreous cavity depth (VCD) were measured by A-type sonography.The binocular diopter of the guinea pigs was detected using retinoscopy in the mydriatic condition.In the fourth week after experiment,the retinal sections were prepared for the regular histopathological examination,and the scleral tissues next to 1 mm from optical nerve were exacted to obtain the dry weight of scleral tissues.Results In the right eyes of the animals,no significant differences were found in the diopter,ACD,LT and VCD before experiment among the 3 groups (all at P＞0.05).At the end of experiment,the refraction of right eye in the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,simple deocclusion group and continuous occlusion group was (+1.11±0.17)D,(+0.90±0.15)D and (-2.73±0.19)D respectively,with a significant difference among them (F=1 445.470,P=0.000).The VCD in the three groups was (3.70±0.09) mm,(3.78±0.11) mm and (3.91 ± 0.08) mm,respectively,showing a significant difference (F =13.243,P＜0.01).In addition,the dry weight of sclera tissues was (0.61 ±0.09)mg in the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,(0.54± 0.08)mg in the simple deocclusion group and (0.43 ± 0.07)mg in the continuous occlusion group,with a significant difference among the 3 groups (F=10.458,P＜0.01).However,there were no significant differences in the ACD and LT among the 3 groups (F=0.203,0.084,both at P＞0.05).Moreover,in the left eyes,no significant differences were found in the diopter,ACD,LT and VCD before experiment among the 3 groups (all at P＞0.05);while at the end of the experiment,the diopter of the continuous occlusion group was significantly lower than that of the deocclusion + blue light exposure group and simple deocclusion group (all at P＜0.05).No significant differences were seen in the ACD,LT,VCD and dry weight of sclera among the 3 groups (all at P＞0.05).Retinal structure was normal in the left eyes of various groups.However,the retinas were thinner in the right eyes of the deocclusion + blue light exposure group with clear layers; while atrophy of the outer segment of photoreceptor and disorder of cell arrangement were seen in the right eyes of the continuous occlusion group.Conclusions During sensitive period of visual development,blue light stimulation can arrest the extension of posterior sclera and elongation of vitreous cavity,which restrains development of myopia.This blue light at the wavelength of 430 nm is safe to retina.

Objective To investigate SCCmec genotypes and drug-resistance profiles of the methieillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains isolated from the patients suffered from diabetic foot infections (DFI) in the Tianjin Metabohc Diseases Hospital. Methods After dabridement, specimens of 390 infectious diabetic foot ulcers in the hospital from Jan 2008 to Jun 2010 were collected from the wound basal parts by cotton swab for culture. The disk-diffusion method was performed to examine antimicrobial susceptibility. DNAs of the MRSE strains were extracted, and their SCCmec genotypes were identified by PCR. Results Twenty of the seventy(28.6% ,20/70)Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were mecA posifive. Among the MRSE isolates, 2 ( 10.0% )were SCCmec Ⅱ ,9 (45.0%)were SCCmecⅢ and 9 (45.0%)were SCCmec Ⅳ. None of the isolates were genotyped as SCCmec Ⅰ or Ⅴ. No mater which genotypes they were, all the MRSE isolates were multi-drug resistant. They were resistant not only to β-lactams (including penicillins, cefoxitin and cephems), but also to non-β-lactams (including macrolides, fiuoroquinolones and sulfonamides ) . Resistance to voncomycin and rifampicin were not found in these strains . Conclusion SCCmec Ⅲ and SCCmecⅣ are major genotypes of the MRSE isolates from the infectious diabetic foot ulcers.The SCCmec Ⅳ genotype strains with multi-drug resistant profiles are prevalent in the diabetic foot infections.