STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: There are two methods of color choice for the esthetic restoration. One is visual shade matching which draws a comparison between shade guide and teeth in dentist's own eye and the other is using a digital shade analysis system recently introduced. Although the visual shade matching has a lot of problems, decision of color by this visual shade matching and the ways of expression for the decided color are still applicable to clinical dentistry. PURPOSE: This study is designed to investigate shade guides used in the dental clinics and laboratories have the same value using ShadeEye-NCC(R). dental chroma meter (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan) using shade guide are evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: At the first experiment, eight Vita Lumin Vacuum shade guides (Vident Inc., California, USA) were collected from the dental clinics. A1 and B1 shade tabs are chosen and the colors are analyzed five times each in both tooth and porcelain modes by digital shade analysis system, ShadeEye-NCC(R). In the second experiment, twelve Vita shade guides using practically in the dental clinics and laboratories were collected and also A1 and B1 shade tabs are chosen and the colors of A1 and B1 are analyzed one time each in both tooth and porcelain modes by ShadeEye-NCC(R). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences among eight shade guides in terms of shade (chroma), value and hue in both of A1 and B1 (P < .05). Shade guides using in present both dental clinics and laboratories did not show significant differences, except A1 in the porcelain mode, it showed significant differences (P < .05) in the shade even though the shade tab has the same name.
California ; Dental Clinics ; Dental Porcelain ; Dentistry ; Eye ; Quinolinium Compounds ; Tooth ; Vacuum

The recent trends of parasitic infections in Korea include remarkable decreases of soil-transmitted nematode infections and elimination of lymphatic filariasis. In comparison, enterobiasis (pinworm infection) continues to be prevalent among children and the cases of zoonotic tissue-invading nematode infection are slightly increasing or they are being increasingly diagnosed. In addition, imported parasitoses continue to be problems from the clinical and public health points of view. In this review, the advances in the management and anthelmintic treatment of these nematode infections are briefly reviewed. Albendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole, flubendazole, pyrantel pamoate, pyrvinium pamoate, oxantel pamoate, levamisole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine are the examples of anti-nematode anthelmintics that are currently being used. Although several of these drugs are known to be broad-spectrum anthelmintics, selection of each drug should be done specifically for each nematode infection, and with consideration of the specific conditions of each patient and the purposes, for example, when performing individual or mass treatment. It is hoped that the chemotherapy regimens reviewed here will help physicians to treat their patients infected with nematode parasites.
Albendazole ; Anthelmintics ; Child ; Diethylcarbamazine ; Elephantiasis, Filarial ; Enterobiasis ; Humans ; Ivermectin ; Korea ; Levamisole ; Mebendazole ; Nematode Infections ; Parasites ; Public Health ; Pyrantel Pamoate ; Pyrvinium Compounds ; Thiabendazole

BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for bacterial vaginosis is metronidazole. Side effects are not well tolerated by some patients and some develop resistance. Hence, the search for treatment with less side effects and less resistance.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of vaginal dequalinium chloride compared to oral metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis among non; pregnant women.

METHOD: Fourty non-pregnant women and non lactating women, 18-50 years old diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis by presence of vaginal discharge and malodor, Nugent's score of 4 and above, and clue cells seen in Gram stain, were randomly allocated to treatment groups. Group A received dequalinium chloride 10mg/vaginal tablet for 6 days at HS while Group B received metronidazole tablet, 500mg/tablet, 1 tablet per orem BID for 7 days. Microbiologic, clinical and complete cure rate as well as adverse effects of treatment were then assessed. Data entry and encoding was done using Epi info version 6. Analysis was done using stata version 9. Univariate analysis such as mean, median, mode and range were used to describe the characteristics of the subjects. Frequency distribution was used to describe the proportion of patients with microbiologic, clinical and complete cure. This was also used in describing proportion of the participants' acceptability in this study. Chi square was used for comparison of dequalinium chloride and metronidazole between treatment-arms.

RESULTS: Ninety five percent (19/20) of those in the dequalinium arm had gram-negative coccobacilli count of less than 10/hpf as compared to 80% (16/20) among those in the control (P < 0.30). Lactobacilli was only restored among 25% of those in the metronidazole and in 75% of the control group (P = 0.002). Reduced amount of discharge was observed in all paricipants in both groups. Malodor of the discharge disappeared in 95% (19/20) of the H₂O₂ and 85% (17/20) of the control group (P=0.30).

CONCLUSION: Dequalinium is comparable with the standard treatment. It is at par with the standard treatment in alleviating symptoms of bacterial vaginosis and reducing estimated coccobacilli. It is more effacious in restoring the normal flora.

Human ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Vaginosis, Bacterial ; Dequalinium ; Metronidazole ; bacteria ; Gardnerella vaginalis ; Mycoplasma hominis ; Fusobacterium